高考英語定語從句和名詞性從句講解與綜合訓(xùn)練

1、高考英語定語從句和名詞性從句講解與綜合訓(xùn)練名詞從句有四類：賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句。例如：賓語從句：I don，t know where he will go.主語從句： Where he will go is unknown.表語從句： The problem is how we can get so much money.同位語從句： We all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game.下面幾點是學(xué)習(xí)名詞從句要加以注意的：1. whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句表達“是否”意，(即引導(dǎo)賓語從句時if和w

2、hether可以互換)但以下幾種名詞從句要用 whether (不用if)引導(dǎo)：(1) 引導(dǎo)主語從句，且在句首時。例： Whether he has won the tennisis not known.(但It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis).(2) 引導(dǎo)表語從句時。例 The problem is whether he can get a job.(3) 引導(dǎo)同位語從句時。例：I have no idea whether he will come.(4) 介詞后的 whether從旬。例：I worry about whethe

3、r I hurt herfeelings.2. 位于句首引導(dǎo)主語從句的that不可忘。例如：That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us.3. 在 “ It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/。+that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，that從句謂語有時用(should) do這樣的虛擬語氣形 式。例如：It is suggested that we(should) improve the relations between u

4、s.It is a pity that one(should) stay in one place all ones life.It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomin gsj點)4. 在 “The reason why-is that " 句式中 that 不要誤為 because.例如：The reason why he didnt go to school yesterday is that he was ill.5. 名詞從句中that,what用法比較：引導(dǎo)名詞從句的that是連詞

5、，在句中無成份，無意義，而 what是連接代詞，what= thething(s) that.例如：It was told in yesterday s newspaper that what the students had done was praisedthe things(that)無意義by the factory.I know that he will study.I know what he will study.That he works hard at his lessons is known to us all.What he works hard at is known

6、to us all.All I ask is that you should tell the truth./He is not what(= the person that)heused to beffc和以前大不相同了。6. where在名詞從句中的使用特點：where在名詞從句中有時可以變?yōu)椤?the place where，有時可以變?yōu)椤敖樵~+ the place where 形式。例如：主從： Where(= The place where)she has gone is still unknown.賓從： Would you please tell me wherepthe pla

7、ce where) Mr Smith lives?表從： Your dictionary remains where(= in/at the place where)you put.同位從： Have you any idea wherep of the place where) she is spending her holidays?7. 無論是哪種名詞從句都是陳述語序。例如：I know where he lives./Please tell me what her name is.當(dāng)一個特殊疑問句本身就是陳述語序(即“主+謂+ (賓)”或“主+系+表”結(jié)構(gòu))，將其變?yōu)殚g接引語(即賓語從

8、句)時，無需改變語序。例如：What s the matter with him? She asked me what was the matter with him.Who looks after your grandfather? He asked me who looked after my grandfather.名詞從句考點分析1. They want to know do to help us. (NMET)A. what they can B. how they can C. how can they D. what can they析：此題要選陳述語序項，故應(yīng)排除C、Do又因h

9、ow they can do不完整，do后無賓語，故也應(yīng)排除，只有 A項既是陳述語序，且 what they can do完整正確 地表達出“他們能做些什么”這一意思，故答案為 Ao2. His teacher he bright and he was worth teaching.A.didn' t think;was;that B.thought;was;whetherC.didn' t think;was;x D.thought;wasn t; x析：觀察題目，可知think后跟有and連接的兩個并列賓語從句，這時前 一個賓語從句的引導(dǎo)語that可以省略，但引導(dǎo)后一賓語從

10、句的that不可省略， 據(jù)此，可排除C、D兩個選項。若選B項，全句意思不通，而選擇 A項可表達 “他的老師認(rèn)為他不聰明，不值得教”這一意思，且語法結(jié)構(gòu)無誤，故可定 A 是正確答案。3. is done cannot be undone.A.How B.That C.What D.Where析：do 一般作及物動詞使用，從題干看，需選一詞作主語(邏輯上是 done的賓語)。而A.How,D.Where均是副詞，不能作主語，故應(yīng)排除。 B項that 一詞只能 在定語從句中作主語，不能在主語從句中作主語，也應(yīng)排除。只有選what(=the thing that)才能正確表述“凡是做的不可不做”這一意

11、思。4. Take care you dont make mistakes in the coming exam.A.of that B.about that C.for what D.that析：take care是“注意”、“當(dāng)心”意，后面可跟 that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句來 表達“當(dāng)心不要”意思，據(jù)此，該題應(yīng)選 D。5. To his surprise,the umbrella was not he had put.A.which B.where C.the place D.that析：觀察題干，was not后是表語，根據(jù)where在表語從句中相當(dāng)于in/at the place where

12、將其置于空白處則可表達“傘不在他當(dāng)初放的地方”這一意思， 而C選項缺少詞，不可選。A、D項皆不合用。6. we can t get seems better than we have.A.what;what B.what;that C.that;that D.that;what析：此題顯然是要表達“我們得不到的東西似乎比我們得到的東西好?！?這一意思，即 “ A seems better that B 結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù) what= the thing(s) that這一特 點，將其置于兩空白處正好可以表達出前者比后者好這一意思，故答案為Ao7. we ll go camping tomorrow d

13、epends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where析：此題depends前的主語從句是一個不肯定的內(nèi)容，在句首表“是否” 意時，只能用 Whether,不可用If。故答案為B。8. they are most interested in is they can produce more andbetter cars.A.That;how B.What;how C.What;what D.That;that析：is前面是一個主語從句，要表達“他們最感興趣的（東西）”這一意 思，只能選what填入空白；is是表語從句，顯然只有選how才能表達“如

14、何生 產(chǎn)更多更好的汽車”，故答案為 Bo9. He made a suggestion that the English test until next Wednesday.A.will be put off B.be put off C.will put off D.put off析：suggestion,order,adivce等詞后的同位語從句謂語要用（should） do的形 式，且該句中test與put off為被動關(guān)系，故選Bo10. I don t think he said something like that is right.A.that B.what C.whether

15、 D.when析：此句think后是一賓語從句，這個賓語從句的主語在is之前，它是一個被動句。因為he said something like that已經(jīng)含有主、謂、賓、狀等成分，只有選不 表意義，不做成分的that才合適，故選A。定語從句一、定語從句與引導(dǎo)詞定語從句是在復(fù)合句中修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞 叫做選行詞，而引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫引導(dǎo)詞，有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞兩類。懂得什么樣的先行詞后用什么樣的引導(dǎo)詞是學(xué)好定語從句的關(guān)鍵。1 .關(guān)系代詞有：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定語從句中作主語、賓語中 表語，whose作定語。代人的有： who,who

16、m,whose,that;代物的有：that,which,whose. 例如：The man who helped you is Mr White.（who代人，在定語從句中作主語）That is the person（whom/who/that） you want to see.（whom,who,thaft人，在 止語從句中作賓語，可省略）I' m not the fool（that） you thought me to be.（that代人，在定從中作表語）A dictionary is a useful book which（=that） tells us the meanin

17、g of words（which或that代物，在定從中作主語）2 . 關(guān)系副詞有：when（指時間），where（指地點）,why（指原因），在定語從 句中作狀語。例如： Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when省略)The house where they live is not very large./This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.注意：不是表時間的先行詞都用 when引導(dǎo)定從，不是表地點的先行詞都用 where引導(dǎo)定從。例如： We'

18、; ll visit the factory which( =that) makes radios.(which或that在定從中作主語，where不可用主語，故不可用)They still remember the happy days(which/that) they spent in Beidaihe.(which或that在定從中作spent的賓語，when不可作賓語，故不可用)二、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句和主句之間不用逗號分開，修飾主句中的某一個名詞或名 詞詞組或代詞，起限定作用；非限制性定語從句常用逗號和主句隔開，可以修飾 主句中的某一個詞，也可修飾整個句子，

19、起補充說明的作用。非限制性定語從 句不能用that引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞不能省略。非限制性定語 從句例： Li Ping s father, who works in a factory, is an engineer./He tore up my photo, which made me very angry.(whic附旨代主句內(nèi)容，因前后兩句是因果關(guān) 系，此時which不可換為aso )He is good at physics, as is known to us al l= As is known to us all, he is good at physics.(as指

20、代主句內(nèi)容，在 as is known/believed, as we all know/believe£類結(jié) 構(gòu)中as不可換為which)三、只用that引導(dǎo)和不用that引導(dǎo)的場合1. 只用that引導(dǎo)和不用that引導(dǎo)的場合1) 當(dāng)先行詞既包括人又包括物時：He talked about the men and the booksthat attracted him.2) 指物的先行詞被 any, every, only, very, all, no等修飾時： These are thevery points that interest me./That s the only

21、watch that I like most.3) 指物的先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時：The first step that weare to take is very difficult./This is the second card that he gave me.4) 先行詞是指物的不定代詞 all,little,few,much,及everything,anything,nothing等時：There is still much that can be done about it./Have you got everything that you need?5) 先行詞是 w

22、ho 時： Who that have seen him does not like him?2. 不用that的場合如下：1) 非限制性定語從句中Last night ,I saw a very good film,which was aboutthe LongMarch .2) 介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前時This is the man from whom I learnt the news3)句中出現(xiàn)了 that:,或先彳亍同是 that 時 I have found that which I was looking for.四、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”用法1. 介詞的確定應(yīng)依據(jù)定語從句中短語的習(xí)慣

23、性搭配，例如： Who is thegirl with whom you just shook hands?(shake hands with是習(xí)慣性搭酉己)2. 介詞常受先行詞的制約(即介詞和先行詞的搭配)，例如： He built atelescope through which he could study the skies.(through which!P through the telescope)3. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作“動詞+介詞”固定短語的賓語時，此時因定短語中的 介詞不能拆開移到關(guān)系代詞前。例如：This is the watch which you' re lookin

24、gfor./He is a kind of man whom you can safely depend on.五、幾個名詞后的引導(dǎo)詞1. situation后常用 where , in which 引導(dǎo)定語從句： Can you imagine asituation where/inwhich you can use the word?2. way彷式，方法)后常用in which或that或how引導(dǎo)定語從句，也可 省略： Do you know the way(in which/that/how) he worked out the problem?3. “the sam»名詞

25、''," such+名詞''," as+名詞”后通常用as引導(dǎo)定語從何o 例如：I have the same dictionary as you(have)./Such a book as you bought is not worth buying.定語從句考點分析1. The best work Luxun wrote and I have read has been madeinto a film.A.which;that B.that; x C.x；that D.x；x析：如果兩個定語從句并列，關(guān)系代詞作賓語時前一句的可以省略，但后

26、 一句的不可省略，故應(yīng)選 Co2. It was in 1969 two Americans got to the moon by space ship.It was 1969 two Amerians got to the moon by space ship.A.when B.which C.that D.x析：第一句是強調(diào)時間in 1969，強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)是“It was+強調(diào)部分+ that句”， 故應(yīng)選Co第二句It是表時間的，先行詞1969在從句中作狀語，故選 A。3. Is this the house Shakespeare was born?A.at which B.which C

27、.in which D.at where析：觀察題目，空白處只有填in which或where才能表達“這是莎士比亞出 生的房子嗎？”這一意思，故答案為Co4. Is this house Shakespeare was born?A.where B.which C.in which D.at which析：將此句變?yōu)殛愂鼍洌籘his house is Shakespeare was boifi然 is后是一表語從句，只有選 where(= the place where"能表達"這是莎士比亞的 出生地”這一意思，故答案為 Ao5. In the dark street,t

28、here wasn t a single person she could turn forhelp.A.to whom B.of whom C.from whom D.that析：“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”要考慮短語搭配或與先行搭配，這道題短語turnto有關(guān)，故應(yīng)選Ao6. The two things they felt very proud were Jims gold watch andDella shair.A. about which B.of which C.in which D.for which析：涉及be/feel proud of短語，故答案為B。7. Have you eve

29、r asked him the reason may explain his being late.A.why B.that C.for which D.what析：此題易誤選A、C,因為先行詞是the reasons細(xì)觀察分析，定語從句 缺少主語，所以答案是B。注意what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。8. Farming is difficult there is no rain.A.where B.in place C.that D.the place where析：因為difficult是形容詞，故其后不是定語從句。這兒的空白處應(yīng)填引導(dǎo) 狀語從句where(= in the place where

30、)全句表達“在沒有雨水的地方耕種困 難”。這一意思，可見答案為 Ao9. We need the same machine in your factory.A.which is being used B.as is being usedC.that is being used D.as it is being used析：根據(jù)“the sam計先行詞”后跟as引導(dǎo)定語從句的原則，可知答案為 Bo10. the people,not things are most important.A.There are;who B.Those are;that C.It is;that D.It was;w

31、ho析：仔細(xì)觀察分析題目，可知只有 C構(gòu)成強調(diào)句才有成立。當(dāng)我們要檢驗 視其為強調(diào)句的判斷是否正確時，只要將“ It is (或was-that”這三個詞去 掉，剩下部分讀起來正確無誤，則證明判斷是正確的，反之是錯誤的。此題如不填“ It is that” 三詞，句子是 The people,not things are most importan語義完整正確，說明 選C是對的。名詞從句、定語從句專練11. urprised me most was the news our team won.A.That;that B.What;which C.What;that D.That;which2

32、.This is the only book I want to read.A.which B.that C.what D.as3 .The reason I am so late is the bus.A. that;I didn t catchB.x ;that I missedC.why;because I have missed D. ;because my not catching4 . The problem has been completely settled.A.which you thought B.that you thoughtC.about which you tho

33、ught it D.that you thought about5 .Is this the tape- recorder you wish?A.to have it repairedB.to repair itC.to have repairedD.repairing6 . The electric toy last month has gone out of order.A.I bought it for himB.which I bought to himC.I bought for himD.that I bought to him7 . His head soon appeared

34、out of one of the second storey windows, he oculd see nothing but tress.A.frm which B.from where C.where D.from there8 . Every minute full use of to study our lessons will do our studentsgood.A.which makes B.that is made C.that made D.what is made9 .W川 it be two months we can get another one?A.that

35、B.when C.before D.in which10 .After graduation we should go our Party needs us most.A.to the place which B.in which C.that D.where11 .There is a popular belief among parents schools are no lougerinterestedin handwriting.A.who B.whose C.that D.which12 .He lent me a lot of maney,I couldH t buy the TV

36、set.A.with it B.for which C.without which D.by which13 .Water power stations are bulit big water falls.A.which are B.which has C.where there have D.where there are14 .The direction a force acts can be changed.A.how B.which C.towards D.x15 .Was it yesterday you received the letter from her?A.when B.w

37、hich C.on which D.that1.1 In the end she decided to sell the house windows were almost broken.A.which B.that C.of which D.whose17 .That you lent me wasn t I wanted.A.that;all B.which;all C.that;what D.which;that18 .Each time they met,they would talk long hours together.A.during B.which C.where D.x19

38、 .This is the third week for the rubbish.A.that they didn' t comeB.they areri t comingC.they haveri t comeD.when they haven t come20.On the desk a Chinese brush he had made drawing.A.lay;with which B.lies;by which C.laid;in which D.lay;on which21 .We ll never forget the days we spent on the seas

39、hore.A.during which B.in which C.when D. x22 .The beautiful church we see there is very famous.A.the tower which B.of whose tower C.the tower of which D.of which tower23 .The 11th Asian Games,China won 183 gold medals,was held in the autumnof 1990.A.which B.that C.at which D.at that24 .The only thin

40、g is wrong with this is a friend of mine said tomethe other day.A.which;what B.what;that C.that;what D.that;which25 .Who is he man is talking with John?A.which B.who C.what D.that26 .The farmer uses wood to build a house to store grains.A.with which B.to where C.which D.in which27 .I really don t know I had my pocket picked.A.where was it thatB.it was where thatC.where it was thatD.was it where that28 .He insisted that he right in doing that.A.sh