step_by_step3000第三冊(cè)u(píng)nit2答案及原文

1、Unit 2 Earth and EnvironmentPart 1Warming upA1. impact of climate changedamage to crops- worse .2. 2000 delegates northern Brazil third United Nations Conference on Desertification.3. .A huge oil spill Mexico, .4. Wildfires Florida contained a week .5. . Greenland is melting around the edges50 cubic

2、 kilometers raise global sea level.B1. It attempts to balance environmental concerns and the needs of the community.2. Reptile species are in greater trouble than amphibian species.3. A new approach in the fight against the illegal drugs trade.4. One in every eight species of plants is threatened wi

3、th extinction.5. A new local directory for the environmentally-aware, called the “ Boulder County Green Pages ” .Tapescripts:1. Australia is the worlds driest continent. Theres general agreement that the country has to use water more efficiently. In many partsupplies are in crisis.iiAt a meeting in

4、Canberra, the Council of Australian Governments has approved national water plan. It attempts to balance environmental concerns and the needs of the community. The amount of water taken from rivers for commercial use is to be cut and farmers will be compensated.2. The disappearance and deformity of

5、amphibians such as frogs and salamanders from rain forests and mountain lakes worldwide has attracted wide-spread scientific attention over the last decade.Now a new study says reptile species including turtles, snakes, and alligators are in even greater trouble. Twice as many reptiles as amphibians

6、, or some 100 species, are currently listed as endangered by the World Conservation Union. The study says habitat loss and degradation, pollution, disease,c limate change, and over-collection for food, pets and drugs are the major threat to reptiles.3. Four regional governors from Columbia, on a vis

7、it to Washington, have sharply criticized an American-backed aerial offensive to eradicate thousands of hectares of illegal coke and poppy plantations. At a news conference the governors called for a different approach in the fight against the illegal drugs trade, saying that the herbicides currentl

8、y being used were harmful to public health and the environment.4. Much attention has been devoted to the threatened animal species. But11what about plants which are the fundamental bases of life? One in every eight species of plants is threatened with extinction. Since all food chains begin in the s

9、phere of plant life, this is bad news for the animals too, including humans who depend on plants not only for food but also for medicines, building materials, and other vital purposes.5. A new local directory for the environmentally-aware is now available, called the “ BoulderCounty Green Pages. The

10、 Rotary Clubs in Boulder County got together with local recycling and environmental specialists to put together this firstever directory. It includes quick reference to green products and services for recycling, xeriscaping, energy conservation, and more. The $5 cost helps raise funds for the sponso

11、ring groups.Part II News ReportsAWashington the information economy deteriorating health of the planet information economy communication education and entertainment physical exam vital signs species climate temperatures water tables glaciers forests fisheries to stabilize both climate and world popu

12、lation growthTapescript:An annual study by the Worldwatch Institute here in Washington says with the boom in the information economy, Americans have lost sight ofthe deteriorating health of the planet.State of the World 2000 says the fast growing information economy is affecting every aspect of life

13、, from communication, commerce and work, to education and entertainment.Lead author and Worldwatch President Lester Brown says while Americans generally feel a sense of optimism about the economy, the planet hesalth is suffering. He says it is a mistake “ toconfuse the vibrancy of the virtual world

14、with the increasingly troubled state of the real world. ”“ We give the earth an annual pyhsical, and this book is the result of that annual physical. We check its vital signs. And almost all those vital signs, whether it s the number of species, whether it s the stability of climatwhether it s the n

15、umber of species, whether it ty of clsimthaetes, tabiliwhether it s the health of coral reefs, all those trends show deterioration.Lester Brown says other warning signs are rising temperatures,falling water tables, melting glaciers, shrinking forests and collapsing fisheries.He says the major enviro

16、nmental challenges in the 21st century will be to stabilize both climate and world population growth.Worldwatch Institute President Lester Brown also points out initiatives by multinational corporations to seek energy alternatives. For example, Daimler-Chrysler and Shell Oil are working with the gov

17、ernment of Iceland to turn that country into the first hydrogen powered economy.BSummarythe severe shortage of water in some developing nations.global solutions are found soon.Answers to the questions1. 1502. Monday3. Almost one billion people could suffer from a scarcity of water.4. Middle East, pa

18、rts of Africa, western Asia, Northeastern China, western and southern India, large parts of Pakistan and Mexico, parts of the Pacific coast of the United States and South America.5. To treat water as a precious resource.6. 5 liters7. 50 liters8. 500 litersTapescript:The UN water experts are warning

19、that a severe water shortage will have what they call catastrophic consequencesin some developing nations unless global solutions are found soon. One hundred and fifty experts around the world will discuss the water situation at a conference beginning Monday in Geneva.A top official from the World M

20、eteorological Organization Arthur Askew says that by the year 2025, almost 1 billion people could be living in areas suffering from a scarcity of water. He says the number could double by the middle of the next century. Mr Askew says one area with serious water problems is the Middle East. But he sa

21、ys officials in the area are already working on ways to deal with the situation.Experts say water shortage problems also could develop in parts of Africa and western Asia as well as northeastern China, western and southern India, large parts of Pakistan and Mexico, and parts of the Pacific coast of

22、the United States and South America. Mr Askew says there a smoral obligation to treat water as a precious resource and a need to realize that large amounts of water are used often wastefully in food production and manufacturing.“ All commodities have used water in their production and you must be aw

23、are therefore that if you re importing food from one country to anotheryou are in fact importing part of the water resources of that country.Mr Askew also says water shortages lead to a conflict between rural and urban demands.“ In many regions of the world, the water crisis is not coming because of

24、human consumption directly for potable water, for drinking, or for sanitary purposes, it csming for agriculture. And in general about 80 percent of the water, which is consumed, i. e., is extracted from the rivers or from underground resources and is not returned, is for agriculture. And there s con

25、siderable pressure now on the agricultural sectors to see if they cannot use that water ore efficiently.Mr Askew says it s estimated that a person needs about 5 liters of water a day to survive, and a person needs about 5 liters of water a day to survive, and a person lives comfortably with about 50

26、 liters a day. But he says people in many countries are using 500 liters of water each day. He says ways must be found to reduce such overuse before it s too late.Part III City recyclingA a. 2 b. 4 c. 3 d. 1B1. 130,000 / 80%2. Plastic / glass / tin cans / newspapers3. Recycle truck pick it up.4. One

27、 of community s recycling centers5. Each weekday6. Conducts tours of the plant7. 2dA8. Sod to other companies that make them into different products9. Made into new containers10. One of the top five in the USATapescript:The United States is running out of landfill space, places to put its trash.Beca

28、use of that, more communities are encouraging their residents to recycle, to set aside certain materials that won t go to the landfillarea that s met tbycreig challenge head-on, is the southeast City of Charlotte, North Carolina. In just a few years, its recycling program has become one of the count

29、ry s most successful.Catherine Smith lives in one of the 130,000 eligible recycling households in Charlotte, North Carolina. Nearly 80 percent of the households participate in the program. Each week, Smith goes to her front porch and fills her red plastic bin with recyclables.Youplastic containers m

30、arked one or two. You vegot any glass. They also recycle tin cans and newspapers.So all of that can go in the curbside pick-up bin. ”“Well, this is the easy part. Then someone, ah, driving a Charlotte Mecklenburg RecycleNow truck comes and, usually, at some pointtomorrow or Friday and they pick it u

31、p at curbside. And that s “ it.From there, Smith s cans, bottles, and newspapers are taken to one of the community rsecycling centers. The City of Charlotte actually contracts with a private company to process the recyclables.This plant is operated by a company called FCR. The recycling trucks pull

32、into FCR each weekday morning to drop off the used material. Inside, the processing center at FCR is bustling with activity. One of the first things you notice in the 26,000-square-foot facility is a huge mound of materials called the “ comminglearea. ” Basically, it asbig pile of assorted trash. Th

33、ere are forklifts transporting garbage, and people sorting through it. Paula Hoffman is education coordinator at FCR. She conducts tours of the plant for more than one thousand people a month.“ Thealuminum cans, the number one and number two plastic containers, the spiral cans, the glass bottles and

34、 jars are all mixed together into a huge pile. And we are receiving about 100 tons a day, which is 200,000 pounds, so you can imagine how many bottles and cans are in that pile. ”“ Can we walk around a little bit? ”“ As you can see, the bottles and cans are riding up the conveyor belt, and they ll e

35、nd up on a sorting station, where there are twveel workers that will hand-sort the bottles and cans and other containers. As you can see, from the sorting station, they drop their material down a chute into a large container below. The sorting station is on a raised platform.Across from the sorters and the commingle area is a mound ofre sold tonewspaper. Of the material brought to FCR, three quarters of it is newsprint. It rides a separate conveyor belt, is checked, and is compacted into bales, 11 to 12 hundred pounds each. Back in the quiet of FCR s audit