定語從句專題講座

1、定語從句專題講座林甸一中房亞春一. 基本概念1. 先行詞：被定語從句的名詞或代詞所修飾，定語從句必須放在 先行詞之后。This is the engineer who will give us a talk.其中 who will give us a talk 是定語從句，而先行詞是 the engin eer.2. 關系詞：(1) 關系代詞：引導定語從句，并代替前面的先行詞，且在從 句中充當某個句子成分的詞。關系代詞有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as.The man who has just left is my nephew (who 為關系代詞，扌旨

2、人，在句中作主語)(2) 關系副詞：where , when或why引導的定語從句，在從句中作狀語，代替先行詞分別表示地點，時間和原因。This is the place where (= at which) he works.This was the time whe n(= at which) he arrived二. 定語從句分類1. 限定性定語從句：是指句中不可缺少的組成部分，如果沒有從 句，先行詞的意思不明確，主句也不完整，從句和主句之間一 般不用逗號分開。He has two sons who work in the same company.2. 非限制性定語從句：對主句先行詞的

3、補充說明，沒有從句并不 影響主句意思的明確或完整，一般用逗號和主句分開。She has two brothers, who are both doctors.We went to see Comrade Wang, who gave us a hearty welcome三. 關系代詞的用法1作用：關系代詞引導定語從句，并替代先行詞在從句中充當某 個句子成分。2.作用(1) 只能用that不可以用which的情況1) 當先行詞是不定代詞 all, much, little, something, everything, any thi ng, nothing, none, the one 時。

4、2) 當先行詞前面有 the only, the very ,any ,few, little, no ,all 等詞修飾時3) 當先行詞是形容詞最高級或先行詞前面有形容詞最高級時4) 當先行詞是序數(shù)詞或它前面有序數(shù)詞修飾時5) 先行詞既有人又有物時6) 當主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時(2) 當先行詞指事物時，定語從句中必須用which情況1) 在非限定性定語從句中，只有 which,如They were invited to the country, which was a great honor to them2) 作介詞賓語時，只用 which,如This is a hours

5、 in which Lu Xun once livedwho, whom的用法1) who和whom用于限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句中，可用來指人。She is the girl who/that lives next door.That'sthe girl who/whom/that I met2)作主語時只用who,做動詞賓語或介詞賓語時，用whom是正式表 達，用who是非正式表達This is the boy who was here yesterday.(4) whose的用法Whose用于限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句中作定語，用來 指人或物?？梢钥醋鍪?who或wh

6、ich的所有格形式。This is the scie ntist whose achieveme nts are well known(5) as的用法關系代詞既可以引導限制性定語從句也可以引導非限制性定語從句，as可作主語，賓語，表語Such +n +as像.一樣的The same +n +as.和同樣的We have found such materials as are used in their factory.(6) 關系代詞as, which區(qū)別1) as引導的非限制性定語從句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后， 有時還可插入主句中，而which引導的非限制性定語從句只置于主句 之后，相

7、同的兩者都可替代主句的整個內(nèi)容，而不是某個詞。如：The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect2）當非限制性定語從句放在主句前面時，只能用 asAs is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth3）當非限制性定語從句的謂語動詞是一個復合結構時，只能用whichBetty always tells a lie, which made her pare nts angry四. 關系副詞的用法關系副詞 where, when, why引導的定語從句。當先行詞在定語從句中作狀語時，用關系副詞，其中whe n二表示時