高中英語必修一第四單元重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)Word版

1、1、In the city, the water pipes in some buildings crached and burst.    城市里，一些大樓里的水管爆裂。burst爆裂,突發(fā)  用法歸納：  The square is bursting with tourists. 廣場上到處都是游客。  I felt as if my heart would burst with joy. 我覺得自己高興得心花怒放。  The police burst through the door. 警察破門而入。  Th

2、ere was a burst of laughter in the next room. 隔壁房間里突然爆發(fā)出一陣笑聲。  聯(lián)想擴(kuò)展： (1) burst in on突然打斷   He burst in on our conversation. 他突然打斷了我們的談話。 (2) burst into +n. 突然   The speaker burst into angry speech. 演講者突然講粗話。 (3) burst out + doing突然The woman burst out cryi

3、ng like a child. 那個婦女突然像小孩一樣哭了。 (4) burst to do sth. 迫切想做某事    I am bursting to tell you the news. 我迫不及待的想告訴你這個消息。2、But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.   但是認(rèn)為這沒什么的一百萬城里人，那天晚上還像往常一樣睡覺。   易

4、混辨析：affair, event, accident, incident, matter 和business 事；事情affair 指要做的事或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事。多用復(fù)數(shù)。event 指重大歷史事件，也可指日常生活中較重要的事或比賽項(xiàng)目。accident 指意外或偶然的不幸事件，多有不良后果。incident 與重要事件有關(guān)的事情，尤指政治、軍事上有爭議的情況。matter 需要認(rèn)真考慮的事情。business 日常事務(wù)、商業(yè)事務(wù)；還可以是公事。3、The suffering of the people was extreme. 人們極度痛苦。suffer  用法歸納： &#

5、160; A, 受苦 He suffered terribly when his mother died.   B, 受到損失  If I lost, my self-esteem will suffer.   C, 遭受    He suffered no pain   聯(lián)想擴(kuò)展：suffer from   1、受之苦  I suffered most from lack of rest.   2、患病    I

6、am suffering from a cold.   特別提示：   suffer表示“患病”時(shí)，后面一般跟疾病名稱。 4、Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.   地震中，有三分之二的人死亡或受傷。   易混辨析：injure ; hurt; wound; harm  傷害    injure比hurt 正式，hurt多指傷痛，而injure則指損害健康、成就、容貌等，強(qiáng)調(diào)功

7、能的損失。     hurt 既可指肉體上的傷害，也可指精神上、感情上的傷害。指肉體上的傷害時(shí)，hurt可與badly, slightly, seriously等連用；但若果指精神上的創(chuàng)傷，只能用very much, rather / deeply。    wound 指槍傷、刀傷、刺傷等皮肉之傷，是出血的、嚴(yán)重的傷，特指戰(zhàn)場上受傷?？梢允侨怏w上的傷害，也可指精神上的創(chuàng)傷。    harm 表示引起對身體、物質(zhì)或精神上的損害，常指傷害人的肉體，損壞東西以及損害健康、品質(zhì)、事業(yè)等。reach  用

8、法歸納： （1）到達(dá)  The started early, hoping to reach there before dark. 它們很早就出發(fā)，希望天黑前到達(dá)那里。  易混辨析：  reach; get; arrive 到達(dá)  reach后直接加地點(diǎn)； get加to再加地點(diǎn)；arrive后加at/ in再加地點(diǎn)，at 后加小地點(diǎn)；in后加大地點(diǎn)。如果表示地點(diǎn)的詞是副詞，get和arrive后都不能用介詞。另外，只表示“到了”，不強(qiáng)調(diào)到什么地方用arrive。  （2）達(dá)到   The number of the

9、 students in our school will reach 2000 next year.    我們學(xué)校學(xué)生的數(shù)量明年會達(dá)到2000。（）用手或腳夠到Can you reach the book on the top of the shelf? 你能夠到書架頂上的那本書嗎？特別提示：reach還可以作名詞，表示“用手或腳能夠到的范圍；管轄范圍或臂展”。Please pass me the salt, its out of my reach. 請把鹽遞給我，我夠不到。  （4）傳到某人手中/耳中Your letter reached me yesterd

10、ay. 我昨天收到你的來信。The news reached me just now. 我剛剛聽到那個消息。   （5）通向；延伸Where does this road reach? 這條路通向哪里？6、Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. 磚頭象秋天的紅樹葉一樣覆蓋著地面。cover  用法歸納：  （1）覆蓋   The playground is covered by fallen leaves, we should clean it. 操場被落葉覆蓋，我們應(yīng)該清掃

11、。   特別提示：   表示“覆蓋”時(shí)，常用coverwith / by句型，并且譯法比較靈活。   I am covered by dust. 我滿身都是土。   She covered her face with her hands. 她用雙手捂著臉。  （2）包括；包含；涉及   The study of physics covers many subjects.   (3) 保護(hù)；掩護(hù)   The mother covered the b

12、aby from the falling ceiling. 母親保護(hù)嬰兒不受下落的天花板的傷害。  （4）走完多少路；看完多少頁書。   I can cover 100 Li on foot a day. 我一天不行能走100里。   How many pages have you covered? 你看完了多少頁書？  （5）占多大面積   Our school covers an area of 60.000 square meters. 我們學(xué)校占地60000平方米。   特別提示：

13、60;  表示“占多大面積”用covers an area of +數(shù)詞。  （6）采訪   The chief editor sent a reporter to cover the event. 主編派了一記者去采訪整個事件。   易混辨析：   cover和interview   cover表示“采訪”時(shí)，表示對整個事件的采訪；而interview多指對人的采訪。7、The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and

14、 to bury the dead。   解放軍組成小分隊(duì)，將受困的人們挖出來，將死者掩埋。dig out挖出；發(fā)現(xiàn)；捐錢It is not easy to dig out the past. 發(fā)掘過去的歷史是不容易的。He was buried by an avalanche and had to be dug out. 他遇雪崩被埋住了，得把他挖出來。聯(lián)想擴(kuò)展：dig down 挖下  dig in 開始細(xì)致的工作 dig at 挖苦；嘲笑某人 dig deep 挖深；挖出來 dig for 發(fā)掘；搜集 dig into 鉆研 dig up 掘起；挖

15、出8、To the north of the city, most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there.    在城市北邊，一萬名礦工中的大多數(shù)被從煤礦中救了出來。表示方位的介詞 in / on  / to  / off用法歸納：   （1）in 表示在范圍里的某個方向Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海在中國的東部。(2) on表示接壤Canada is on the north of the USA.

16、加拿大在美國北邊。(3) to表示不在范圍里，也不接壤Japan lies to the east of China. 日本在中國東邊。特別提示：上邊的句子可以改寫為：Japan lies east of China.或者East of China lies Japan.特別提示：改正過的句子省略了介詞to，原因在于表示方向的名詞還可以作副詞，表示“在什么方向”或“去什么方向”。(4) off 表示A. 在范圍里但不接壤（多指各國的島嶼）Taiwan is off the east of China. 臺灣在中國的東部。B. 在離不遠(yuǎn)處My house is off the main road

17、. 我家離大路不遠(yuǎn)。9、It is said but true that people die in earthquakes from falling furniture and bricks.    據(jù)說但也是真的地震中人們被倒下的家具和磚頭壓死。it作主語的幾個?？季湫陀梅w納：   （1）作形式主語，代替動詞不定式。句型為：      It is + adj. / n. + for / of sb. to do sth.      It i

18、s a pity for me to miss the lecture. 很遺憾我沒聽到那節(jié)課。      It is difficult for me to work out the math problem. 算出那道數(shù)學(xué)題對我來說太難了。      It is very kind of you to help me. 幫助了我，你這個人太好了。特別提示：這個句型中，名詞后介詞用for；形容詞后的介詞既可以用for，也可以用of。形容詞如果能修飾人，形容詞后用of; 形容詞如果不能修飾人，形

19、容詞后用for。   （2）作形式主語，代替that從句。句型為：     It is + adj. + that 從句It is important that you study English well. 你們學(xué)好英語是很重要的。特別提示：1、當(dāng)說話人表示驚奇，that從句謂語要用虛擬語氣，即should+動詞原形，should可以省略。  It is impossible that he (should) speak ill of you behind you. 他在你背后說你壞話是不可能的。2、當(dāng)說話者認(rèn)為應(yīng)該如此時(shí)

20、，that從句中的should 不省略。       It is natural that he should fail.  他失敗是很自然的。   （3）作形式主語，代替動名詞   句型為：        It is no use / useless doing sth. 做什么是沒用的。        It is no good doing s

21、th. 做什么沒好處。/ 做什么沒益處。        It is a waste of time doing sth. 做什么是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。        It is no good smoking. 吸煙沒好處。        It is a waste of time playing pc games. 玩電腦游戲是在浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。     特別提

22、示；     It is a waste of money / energy to do sth. 做某事是浪費(fèi)錢財(cái)/精力。     It is a waste of money to buy these useless things. 買這些無用的東西時(shí)間浪費(fèi)錢財(cái)。   （4）It is +過去分詞 +that 據(jù)     It is reported that China will send up another man-made satellite.

23、 據(jù)報(bào)道中國將再發(fā)射一顆人造衛(wèi)星。特別提示：1、能用于這個句型的動詞有：say; report; think; suppose; believe; consider; imagine; hope; wish; expect; know 等。2、上面的復(fù)合句It is reported that China will send up another man-made satellite.可以改寫為簡單句 China is reported to send up another man-made satellite.聯(lián)想擴(kuò)展：As is +過去分詞, +句子  據(jù)As is report

24、ed, China will send up another man-made satellite. 據(jù)報(bào)道中國將再發(fā)射一顆人造衛(wèi)星。特別提示：用it作形式主語時(shí)，從句要用that引導(dǎo)。而用as作主語時(shí)，要用逗號把從句和主句分開。   （5）引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型  句型為：     It is / was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 +that / who / whom +剩余部分     特別提示：     強(qiáng)調(diào)句用于強(qiáng)調(diào)陳述句的某個成分。除了謂語，其他成分都能被強(qiáng)

25、調(diào)。     I met him in the street yesterday by chance.     It was yesterday that I met him in the street by chance.     It was in the street that I met him yesterday by chance.特別提示：1、如果陳述句的主語或賓語是人，強(qiáng)調(diào)句的連接詞用who或whom，其他情況一律用that。2、注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問句和特殊

26、疑問句形式。  Was it yesterday that you met him in the street by chance?  When was it that you met him in the street by chance?  （6）表示時(shí)間A. It is / has been +時(shí)間段 +since 從句   從過去某個時(shí)間到現(xiàn)在多長時(shí)間了  It is over 30 years since China began its reform. 從中國改革到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)30多年了。B. It was / had been

27、 +時(shí)間段 +since 從句 從過去的過去倒過去某個時(shí)間多長時(shí)間了  It had been 29 years since China began its reform. 從新中國成立到中國開始改革有29年。特別提示：理解It was / had been +時(shí)間段 +since 從句句型時(shí)，理解時(shí)把since從句作為一個時(shí)間點(diǎn)向前推，會推到一個時(shí)間，翻譯時(shí)，從那個時(shí)間點(diǎn)向后翻譯。10、Earthquake safety is very important and there is more to it than just keeping buildings from fallin

28、g down. 地震安全很重要，有很多東西要注意，不僅僅只是防止建筑物倒塌。keep / stop /preventfrom doing  防止 /阻止發(fā)生What prevented you from coming on time? 什么事情使你沒有按時(shí)到？特別提示：主動句中，stop和prevent 后的from可以省略，keep后的from不能省略。被動句中，三個詞后面的from都不能省略。即時(shí)活用：It seems very difficult _.A. to stop the child to cry     B. preventin

29、g the child cryingC. to keep the child from crying     D. holding the childs crying答案：C11、First, make sure you buy a house which is earthquake safe. 首先，確保你買的房子是防震的。make sure = be sure用法歸納：   (1) + to do 一定；務(wù)必Be sure to come on time this afternoon. 下午一定要按時(shí)到。  

30、(2) + of + n. 把弄確切I know there is a train to Beijing tonight, but you should make sure of the time.我知道晚上有一趟去北京的火車，但是你應(yīng)該把時(shí)間弄確切。(3) + that從句We are sure that China will become a strong and powerful country. 我們肯定中國將會成為一個強(qiáng)大的國家。特別提示：be sure / make sure to do = be certain to do be sure / make sure of + n.

31、= be certain of + n.be sure / make sure + that = be certain + that當(dāng)be sure / make sure + that時(shí)，句子的主語必須是人；而be certain + that時(shí)，句子的主語用it。12、They are one of the most important ways of protecting a house.   它們是保護(hù)房子最重要的方法之一。protect vt. 保護(hù)    用法歸納：（1）protect sth.   To protect

32、the environment, we should drive less. 為了保護(hù)環(huán)境，我們應(yīng)該少開車。（2）protect sth. / sb. from + n. You should wear a pair of dark glasses to protect your eyes from the snow.  下雪天你應(yīng)該戴副墨鏡保護(hù)你的眼睛。（3）protect sb. / sth. from doing  Ge You speaks carefully in public to protect himself from being hurt.

33、60; 葛優(yōu)在公共場合說話很小心，保護(hù)自己不被傷害。 （4）protect A against B  The tree belts can protect this area against shifting sand. 護(hù)林帶能保護(hù)這個地區(qū)不受流沙的侵害。13、There was no stopping the fire.  不可能把火撲滅。   用法歸納：There is no + doing  是不可能的There is no knowing how old he is. 不知道他多大。There is no persuading him

34、 to give up his idea. 不可能說服他放棄他的觀點(diǎn)。14、Amazing as it may seem, Wednesday night was a quiet night.   雖然好像很驚奇的樣子，星期三晚上還是很平靜的。此句中as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句用法歸納： （1）名詞+as + 主語 +謂語   Boy as he is, he knows a lot.  雖然只是個孩子，但他懂得很多。  特別提示；   名詞放在句首時(shí)，名詞前不能加冠詞。 （2）形容詞+as + 主語

35、+謂語   Tired as he is, he keeps on studying. 雖然很累了，但他還在堅(jiān)持學(xué)習(xí)。 （3）動詞+as + 主語 +助動詞   Try again as you will, you will not succeed. 雖然你可以再試，但是你還是不會成功。  特別提示；   動詞放在句首時(shí)，句子中必須要有助動詞。15、Never before in history has a city been so completely destoryed.   以前的歷史中，

36、從來沒有一個城市象這樣被徹底的破壞。   易混辨析：damage, destroy, ruin “破壞”的區(qū)別damage 指不同程度的破壞、損壞。destroy 指毀滅性的破壞。ruin 由于各種原因，如火災(zāi)、天氣、自然災(zāi)害，或由于喪失了對成功或幸福來說必不可少的某種東西，而破壞了人或物的價(jià)值、完整性、某方面的優(yōu)點(diǎn)等。Although the town had been attacked by the storm several times, little damage was done.The wet weather ruined our holiday.即時(shí)活用：用d

37、amage, destroy, ruin填空。1、The strong wind _ the wheat in some way.2、The wet weather _ our holiday.3、The earthquake last year _ part of Sichan Province.答案：1、damaged   2、ruined   3、destroyed16、大量的修飾不可數(shù)名次  a great / good deal / a large amount of / much修飾可數(shù)名次    ma

38、ny / a number of / a great(good) many即可修飾可數(shù)名次也可修飾不可數(shù)名次 plenty of / a lot of / lots of / a large quantity of / quantities of / a mass of / masses of即時(shí)活用：1、I spent _ of my time in this work.A. a plenty    B. a good many   C. a good deal   D. great deal  答案：C

39、0;  2、How many books does he have?       - He possesses _them.A. plenty of   B. very much    C. a great deal    D. an amount of答案：D 3、_ such heavy pollution already , it may now be too late to clean up the river . &

40、#160;  A. Having suffered   B. Suffering    C. To suffer     D. Suffered   答案：A4、Did you say that our neighbor _ in the accident?A. badly hurted       B. was badly hurted    C. had badly hur

41、ted       D. was badly hurt       答案：D 5、My chest _ when I take a deep breath, doctor.A. hurts   B. wounds  C.harms   D. injure      答案：A 6、There was a fight in the street yesterda

42、y. Three people were seriously _.A. hurt      B. killed      C. broken    D.cut       答案：A  7、The old lady died from the _on her head; she was _when cleaning windows on the ladder when she fell o

43、ff it.A. injury; injured   B. wound; wound  C. wounded; hurt   D. hurt; injured       答案：A  8、The bus driver was badly _on both legs in the traffic accident.A. wounded    B. broken     C. injured 

44、;    D. destroyed答案：C9、It is _you deal with difficulties that shows_ you are really like. A.what; what B.how; what C.how; that D.which; how  答案：B10、_, he has finished his job ahead of time.A. As is expected         B. Which is expected   C. It is expected       D. It is as expected  答案：A11、It _ six years since I saw you last.A. was    B. have been       C, is  &