譯林版五年級(jí)(上冊)英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1、實(shí)用文檔五年級(jí)上冊英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)一、注意名詞單復(fù)數(shù)：1、可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用于： How many 后面；some/any/many/a lot of/ two, three后面； these/those后面all the后面；between后面跟一種物體時(shí)，這個(gè)物體用復(fù)數(shù)like后面are前面的人稱和名詞用復(fù)數(shù)：we/they/the children2、名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)則：1） 一般直接 +s： bears students2） 以 s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，力口 es： bus-buses box-boxes,3）以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，把y變?yōu)閕,再加ies :library - lib

2、raries hobby-hobbies story-stories4）不規(guī)貝U名詞復(fù)數(shù)：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, foot-feet, Child-children3、不可數(shù)名詞：water, soup, milk, juice, tea, coffee, bread（包），rice（米 飯）,hair等等。二、注意一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)；（注：所有否定句、疑問句中, 動(dòng)詞都用原形。）1、肯定句中哪些情況下用第三人稱單數(shù)：（俗稱：三單）1）人稱代詞he, she, it作主語時(shí);2）單個(gè)人名、地名或稱呼作主語時(shí)；3）單數(shù)可數(shù)名

3、詞或"this / that / the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞"作主語時(shí)；4）不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)；5、當(dāng)數(shù)字或字母作主語時(shí)，等等2、動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)變化規(guī)則如下：1） 一般情況下，動(dòng)詞后面直接加s.如：works / plays/ reads2）以s. x. sh. ch或o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在后面加es.例:teach-teaches, watch-watches, do-does, go-goes3）以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把y變?yōu)閕,再加es例：study- studies fly-flies carry-carries4）不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)：have has; beis三

4、、人稱代詞、名詞所有格及序數(shù)詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)一二三一二三主格IyouhesheItweyouthey賓格meyouhimherItusyouthem物主myyourhisherItsouryourtheir代詞我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他們的1、主格用來作句中的主語，用于動(dòng)詞前面。例：They are doctors.2、賓格用來作句中的賓語，放在動(dòng)詞或介詞的后面。本冊書上出現(xiàn)的詞組：in front of her show her around push me teach you What' swrong with him? write him a letterHere' a

5、 Christmas card for you. Let me . chat with them on the Internet give it a cake3、形容詞性物主代詞+名詞形容詞性物主代詞，之所以叫它們形容詞是因?yàn)樗麄?必須放在名詞前面。4、名詞所有格 作形容詞性，表示所屬關(guān)系；在人名或稱呼后加，s以s結(jié)尾的，直接加如：mother-s parents'5、序數(shù)詞 first-second-third-fourth1）數(shù)詞一般要與 the連用；2）在某一層樓用介詞on。四、選擇和用所給詞適當(dāng)形式填空1、哪些情況加動(dòng)詞原形（注：有to時(shí)，to跟后面的動(dòng)詞原形放在同一空格）1）

6、 want to + 動(dòng)詞原形2）would like to + 動(dòng)詞原形3） it's time to+動(dòng)詞原形4)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can+動(dòng)詞原形 5)助動(dòng)詞(do, does , dont, doesn,t) +動(dòng) 詞原形6) let+動(dòng)詞原形7)祈使句中動(dòng)詞用原形(如Do yourhomework, please.)8)否定句在句首加 Don't (如 Don't do your homework, please)創(chuàng)詞原 形2、哪些情況加動(dòng)詞ing1) like 2) go 3) be good at 4) be 5)后面跟名詞，如 swimming lesson動(dòng)詞+

7、ing變化規(guī)則如下：A、直接力口上 ing: draw-drawing play-playing read-readingB、以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加上ingskate-skating make-making dance-dancinghave-having come-coming write-writingC、以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞要雙寫尾字母，再加上 ing從單詞的末尾開始往前數(shù)符合“輔音-元音-輔音”結(jié)構(gòu)的。(注：詞尾是w和y的除外，如：drawing, playing等除外);run-running sit-sittingput-putting chat-chatting get-ge

8、tting swim-swimming stop-stopping shop-shopping3. 形容詞加名詞（形名）如：a beautiful girl4. 動(dòng)詞加副詞（動(dòng)副）如：swim well5. Some和 any 用法：“some' 一般用于肯定句，“any”用于否定句和疑問句。但在一些表示委 婉請求，想得到對方肯定回答時(shí)也用“ some'。（小技巧：末尾是句號(hào)，句 中是any,那這句型是否定句）6. There be結(jié)構(gòu)就近原則，be動(dòng)詞的選擇取決于緊跟在后面的名詞數(shù) 量。如：There is a teacher and some students in the

9、 classroom.7. 樂器前加 the,球類前不加 the.如：play the piano, play football8. Who當(dāng)作特殊的第三人稱 單數(shù)（Who sings well?）9. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)構(gòu)成:1）主語+be（am,is,are）+其它。2）主語+行為動(dòng)詞+其 它。關(guān)鍵詞：always, usually, often, sometimes, on Sundays, every（注：主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞力口 s, eSgBt音+y時(shí)，把y變?yōu)閕再加es 其他2' 候動(dòng)詞用原形）10. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)關(guān)鍵詞：look, listen, now （注：be動(dòng)詞（is

10、 am are）動(dòng)詞ing,兩 者缺一不可）11. and前后謂語動(dòng)詞一致。指當(dāng)句子中有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的謂語動(dòng)詞共用同一個(gè)主語時(shí)，一般謂語動(dòng)詞的 時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。She often goesfishing and takes photos.Let's go and have some chicken.12. 相同意思不同用法的辨析：13. ；there is/are 和 have/hasthere is/are 表示在某地有某物（或某人）；表示存在；there be就近原 則；have/has表示某人有某物；表示所屬關(guān)系；前面必須有主語。2） 也；too-either-alsotoo用于

11、肯定句和疑問句句末；either用于否定句句末；also用于句中。3）者B; both-allboth用于兩者都；all用于三者及以上都。4）好；good-wellgood+名詞；動(dòng)詞+well 。5）和；with-andwith是介詞，意思是“和一起”，后面跟名詞或代詞的賓格。and是連詞，意思是“和"，用and連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞或代詞作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。五、句型轉(zhuǎn)換同義句：1. It's time for sth= It 'time to do sth該是時(shí)間了 （注:for后面跟名詞;to后面跟動(dòng)詞原形）It ' s time for dinner

12、.=It ' s time to have dinner.2. What time is it?=What s the time?幾點(diǎn)呢?3. There is（are） no （s）=There isn't / aren t any 沒有 4. have no- = don' have （any）沒有They have no legs or arms. =They don ' t have any legs or arms.5. has no = doesn have （any） 沒有6. I like picnics. = I like having pic

13、nics.注：like后面跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)或動(dòng)名詞（動(dòng)詞+ing） 7. show sth （K物）to sb（某人）=show sb （M物）sth（某人）向展示東西8. give sth（某物）to sb（某人尸give sb保物）sth（某人）給人 東西9. What a lovely ant!= How lovely the ant is! 多么可愛的螞蟻啊10. That is Jan smbrella.= That umbrella is Jans.那是杰的傘11. What's wrong with him? = What's the matter with him?

14、他怎么了 ？否定句1、有 be 動(dòng)詞 （am, is ,are , be 后直接加 not （am not/ is not=isn力 are not=aren't);2、有 can, can 后直接力口 not (can not=cadt);3、只有動(dòng)詞，在動(dòng)詞原形前加 don't三單動(dòng)詞前加doesn't,動(dòng)詞變回原 牘。He does his homework.(改成否定句) He doesdt do his homework.一般疑問句：用Yes或No回答的句子1、有be動(dòng)詞，be動(dòng)詞提前；2、有 can或 would, can或 would 提前；3、只有動(dòng)詞，

15、句首加Do/ Does,動(dòng)詞用原形:注意：I ' m變 Are you ; some變 any; my 變 your; and 變 or .特殊疑問句：有特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句There be句型提問：1、對數(shù)量提問：1） How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there +H司短語？(注：對there be后面可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問時(shí)，無論主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，都 用復(fù)數(shù)形式提問)例:There are4classrooms in our school? / Theneyisonelassroom in our school?( 劃線部分提wHow many classrooms a

16、re there in our school?(注： 上面兩句提問， 都是這句子）2） How much +不可數(shù)名詞+ is there +H司短語？例：There is somemilk in the glass.（對劃線部分提問）How much milk is there in the glass?2、對主語提問there be針對主語提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：What' +介詞短語？（注：對there be后面的主語提問時(shí)，無論主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，都用What's 提問）例：There are six bookson the desk. / There isa b

17、ook on the desk.阿戈 U 線部 分提問）What' s on the desk?注：上面兩句提問，都是這句子）感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)：感嘆句常用 how或what來引導(dǎo)（1） what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句，最終修飾的是名詞（2） how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句，最終修飾的是形容詞/副詞What a lovely ant!= How lovely the ant is! 多么可愛的螞蟻啊！對劃線提問，疑問詞：What問什么；What colour問顏色；What time問具體時(shí)間（如幾點(diǎn)鐘）； when問范圍廣的時(shí)間；where問在哪里；How old問年齡；how many問數(shù)量（可數(shù)名詞）；ho

18、w much 1）問數(shù)量（不可數(shù)名詞），2）問價(jià)錢；how about問怎樣； who問誰（人）；whose問誰的東西（問主人）； 同音詞：Bbebee, C- seesea, R- are, T-tea, U-you, 、一 why, I-eye, too-two-to,fourfor,herehear, theretheir, rightwrite,sun son, noknow, pairpear, itsits, buy bybye, hihigh, wearwhere, aren ' taunt, who swhose,近義詞（或同義詞）：Manylots ofa lot o

19、f,desktable,likelove,tallhighnearbeside, tooalso,listenhear,looksee,classlesson,glasscup,homehouse, beautiful pretty,usually often,hihello,speaksaytalk, riverlake, would likewant, go home come home 反義詞（或?qū)?yīng)詞）：yes no, thisthat, thesethose, herethere, gocome, openclose, bigsmall, fatthin, tallshort, lo

20、ngshort, blackwhite, happysad,文案大全實(shí)用文檔hotcold, cool -warm,softhard, onunder, in front ofbehind,inout,boygirl,manwoman,wrongright,downup,sitstand, easydifficult, take off（脫下）put on（穿上） 完整形式：I'mI am,we'rewe are,you reyou are,he's he is,it sit is, there'sthere is,isntis notwho'swho

21、is,Let's let us,I dIwould, can'tcan not,don'tdo not,doesndoes not特殊的名詞復(fù)數(shù)：manmen, womanwomen,policemanpolicemen,childchildren,foot feet, fishfish,peoplepeople, Chinese-Chinese三單動(dòng)詞變化：特殊的： do -does; go-goes; have-has; teachteaches; watch-watches ; wash-washes;push-pushes ; brush-brushes;cat

22、ch-catches; study - studies; fly-flies;其余的直接加s.動(dòng)詞變名詞：A. 一般情況下在動(dòng)詞后面直接加er。文案大全實(shí)用文檔teach-teacher ,work worker,play player, sing singer, findfinderB.以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加r。write -writer,drivedriver, come comer, dance dancerC.符合重讀閉音節(jié)的動(dòng)詞，先雙寫最后一個(gè)字母，再加er。runrunner, beginbeginner, swimswimmerD.部分單詞在詞尾加or。visit visitor,

23、act actorE.本身既是動(dòng)詞又是名詞。cookcook,doctordoctorTea is popular in China.Culture 板塊：U1, U2, U3, U5, U6, U7.1). U1: Coffee is popular in Western countries.咖啡在西方國家受歡迎。茶在中國受歡迎2) . U2: In the UK, this is the ground floor.floor.在英國，這是一樓。In the US, this is the first在美國，這是一樓。3) . U3: You can see pandas in China.

24、You can see bald eagles inthe US.你在中國可以看到熊貓你在美國能看到禿鷹。You can see polar bears in Canada. You can see kangaroos in Australia.你在加拿大能看到北極熊。你在澳大利亞能看到袋鼠。4） . U5: In the US, we call a policeman a “cop” .In the UK, we call a firefighter a “fireman ".在美國，我們稱呼警察為cop。在英國，我們稱呼消防隊(duì)員為 fireman。5） . U6: We writ

25、e Chinese addresses like this.我們這樣書寫中文地址。（國名一地名一人名，由大到小）We write English addresses like this.我們這樣書寫英文地址。（人名一地名一國名，由小到大）6） . U7: Basketball is very popular in the US. Football is very popular in the UK.籃球在美國很受歡迎。足球在英國很受歡迎。Table tennis is very popular in China.乒乓球在中國很受歡迎。文案大全實(shí)用文檔看國旗寫國家名：（U6）J V! UKChi

26、naAustraliaCanadaUSSound time:My unde lias a cold, And my cousin toe?!The doctor comei and 5口明 “Put on your coats, you two!U1:Sound time Qcake roat come cup doctorU2:y Sound time CiAlice and【sing and dance, And drink some nice juice! Then we go to the cinema, And have nice ke cream(cinema danceke cr

27、eam juiceniceU4:U3:Ls/Sound timebusducksummersunimbrellaRubber duck likes the rain, But he doesnht like sunny weather. So when the summer sun comes oui He carries an umbrella!o ijau like wearing yellow Yellow? Yellow? Yes!1 have yellow shoes, a yctlo And a gellaw dress!year ijellow yesyoung實(shí)用文檔文案大全U

28、5:5ound time CU6:Sound timeHigh, high in the sky, can see a butterfly.High, high in the skyt1 wish could fly IIn winter, vjater turns ti And sometimes it snow; 5o when the winter wet We always wear warmfiy my skg try whyU7:w(jtch water week winter womanU8:Sound timeS廳Sound timeWhen wc visit Mr Rose,always has his musicroeHe always shows us All the fovely roses He grows.acketjuicejumpsubjectDon11 jump up, little dug!You ll get juice on my acket Don't jump up, little