人教版高中英語必修五動詞不定式

1、英語語法（動詞不定式）一定義：動詞不定式是一種非限制動詞形式，即非謂語動詞。非限定動詞是指不能單獨在句中充當謂語的動詞形式。非謂語動詞包括：動詞不定式，-ing分詞和-ed分詞。動詞不定式在語法功能上可作主語、賓語、表語、定語和狀語。2.不定式的用法1）不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語1 . To see is to believe.2 .To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge .在上述情況下，如果不定式較長，顯得頭重腳輕，則可由 it作形式主語，而將不定式放到 后面。如：1. It is really a challeng

2、e to finish that task in such a short time .2. It's for sto do.和 It's of sb to do.1） for sb.句型中的形容詞一般為表示事物的特征特點，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy,hard, difficult, interesting, impossible 等： 例如：It's very hard for him to study two languages. 對他來說學兩門外語是很難的。2） of sb句型中的形容詞一般為表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如 care

3、less, clever, considerate, foolish , good, impolite , kind , naughty, nice, silly , stupid。例如：It's very nice of you to help me.你來幫助我，你真是太好了。2）不定式作賓語不定式作賓語有兩種：一種是及物動詞后直接跟帶to的不定式，另一種是 及物動詞+疑問詞+帶to的不定式。及物動詞+帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)：只能跟動詞不定式的動詞，常見的有：afford , agree, aim, appear, ask, decide, demand,desire, determin

4、e, expect, fail , happen, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, long, manage, offer, pretend, promise, prepare, refuse, seek, swear, want, wish 等。1 .He managed to solve the complicated problem.2 .The stranger offered to show me the way.動詞+疑問代（副）詞+不定式：這類動詞常見的有 advise, decide, find out, forget, inquire , kno

5、w , learn, see, remember, teach, tell, understand, wonder 等。常見的疑問代 （副）詞有:what, when, where, which , how , whether 等。1 .He does not know when to start.2 .You can decide whether to continue or to stop.2.1 will show you how to deal with it.有時，不定式可由it代替，而把不定式放到后面去。這可以用這一結(jié)構(gòu)表達：動詞（如find, think , consider,

6、feel 等）+it+ 形容詞 + 不定式。I.She considers it necessary to make friends with him.2.We find it difficult to finish all the homework before 9 o' clock.3）不定式做表語不定式可放在be動詞后面，形成表語。例如 ：1.To see is to believe.另種情況為主語是以aim, duty, hope, idea, job , plan, problem , purpose, thing,wish等名詞為中心的短語，或以 what引導的名詞性從句，

7、不定式表語對主語起補充說明作用：；例如：1 .His aim is to study abroad in the near future .2 .The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the price .3 .What I want to say is to forget all the unhappy experience .4）不定式作定語第一種，被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的邏輯賓語。例如：1 .There was really nothing to fear .2 .He gave me an interesti

8、ng book to read .如果不定式是不及物動詞，后面就得加相應的介詞。例如：1 .Mary needs a friend to play with .2 .That girl has nothing to worry about .3 .Although the film had been on for ten minutes , I still was not able to find a chair to sit on .第二種，被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的邏輯主語；例如：1 .Have you got a key to unlock the door?2 .The action

9、to be taken is correct.5）不定式作狀語1）目的狀語常用結(jié)構(gòu)為 to do , in order to do, so as to do, so （such）as to （如此 以便）。例 如：He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。I come here to say good-bye to you.我來是向你告另1J。2）作結(jié)果狀語，可以表示沒有預料到的或事與愿違的結(jié)果，不定式要放在句子后面。I awoke to find my truck gone.我醒來發(fā)現(xiàn)箱子不見了。He searched t

10、he room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房間，沒發(fā)現(xiàn)什么。3）表原因I'm glad to see you.見到你很高興。She wept to see the sight.她一看到這情形就哭了。4）表示理由和條件He must be a fool to say so.You will do well to speak more carefully.不帶to的不定式的使用動詞不定式通常帶to,但在有些搭配中不帶to,在另一些搭配中可帶to可不帶to。歸納起來，以下情況下使用不帶to不定式：1） 在 can/could,may/might, will/woul

11、d, shall/should, must,need, dare 等情態(tài)動詞之后，動詞不定式不帶to。2）在感官動詞，如 see, feel, watch, notice, smell, hear, observe 等后，或使役動詞，如 have, let, make等后，動詞不定式不帶to。例如：1.1 often heard him say that he would study hard .2.I must have him see his own mistakes .但是，當這類結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動語態(tài)時，后面的不帶to不定式一般車專換為帶to不定式。例如：1.He was often he

12、ard to say that he would study hard .3）在動詞help之后可用不帶to的不定式，也可用帶 to的不定式。例如：1.Help the old lady （to） carry the heavy box.4） 在 had better, would rather, may/might as well 最好還是， 不妨,rather than, can not but不得不，等搭配之后，動詞不定式也不帶to。例如：1.Unless you feel to ill to go out , I would rather not stay at home tonigh

13、t .2.She could not but criticize his foolish behaviour.5）在介詞but, except之后，如果其前有動詞do的某種形式，其后不定式一般不帶to,反之則必須帶to,表示 不得不，只能”。例如：1 .He will do anything except work on the farm .2 .There was nothing left for the enemy to do but surrender .3 .I had no choice but to wait till it stopped raining .6）緊跟在why或wh

14、y not之后的動詞不定式總是不帶to。但是，緊跟在who, what, which ,whether等連接詞后的不定式帶to。例如：Why stand up if you can sit down?Why not ask your teacher when you don't understand the meaning?You needn't decide yet whether to study arts or science .4.不定式的時態(tài)語態(tài)：（以to do為例）時態(tài)主動被動一般式To doTo be done完成式To have doneTo have been

15、 done進行式To be doing完成進行式To have been doing1.She feels relaxed to have finished writing her thesis before the deadline .2 .The Vikings are believed to have discovered America .3 .When you called me last night, I happened to be working on the computer4 .The snow was supposed to have been blown off the

16、 mountain .不定式的否定形式否定形式是在不定式的標志to前加not。例如： 1.I decided not to ask him again.2.Please remember not to leave the lights on when you are out .I.單項選擇：1. He seems the old lady.A. knowing B. to be knowing C. to know D. to be known2. Tom_when they spoke ill of him.A. happened to be passed B. happened to be

17、 passing byC. happened passing by D. happened to passed3. We all hope_ scientists.A. become B. to become C. becoming D. became4. The boy refused for climbing the tall tree.A. to pay B. to be paid C. being paid D. paying5. I happened the article when he asked me about it.A. having read B. to have rea

18、d C. to be read D. reading6. with him is a great pleasure.A. To talk B. Talk C. Talked D. To talking7. It is nice your voice.A. to hear B. hear C. heard D. to be hearing8.is to struggle.A. Living B. Live C. To live D. To be lived9. Her wish is a doctor.A. becoming B. become C. to become D. being com

19、e10. I was just about the office when the phone rang.A. leaving B. leave C. to leave D. to leaving11. I didn ' t it until you had explained how.A. manage to do B. managed to do C. manage to have done D. manage doing 12. He found it important the situation all over the world.A. study B. to study C. studies D. to be studied13. At last the enemy soldiers had no choice but their guns.A. to lay down B. lie down C. laying down D. lay down1