2015年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（廣東卷）英語

1、2015年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（廣東卷）英語本試卷滿分135分?？荚囉脮r120分鐘。語言知識及應(yīng)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）完形填空（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從115各題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is 1 to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probabl

2、y the longest that anyone could hope to live if he or she is 2 healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce 3 . They wear out, and as a result, we get old and 4 die.Even though we cant live forever, we are living a 5

3、 life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span(壽命) was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the 6 line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people dont begin to experience physical and mental 7 until

4、after age 75.People are living longer because more people 8 childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood 9 . Now that the chances of dying 10 are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.On the

5、whole, our population is getting older. The 11 in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see 12 , not disaster, many men and women in their “golden years” are healthy, still active, and y

6、oung in 13 if not in age.As the society grows old, we need the 14 of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to 15 active and devoted.1. A. designed B. selected C. improved D. discovered解析：考查動詞及語境的理解。句意：大多數(shù)研究年齡的科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為人體被設(shè)計的不會活過120歲。designed設(shè)計；selected 選擇，挑選；improved 提高，改善；discov

7、ered 發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)句意可知，科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為人體的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計決定了人類最多不會超過120歲，故選A。答案：A2. A. completely B. generally C. apparently D. extremely解析：考查副詞及語境的理解。句意：然而110歲可能是人們希望能活的最長的壽命如果他非常的健康和幸運。completely 完全地；generally 一般地；apparently 顯然地；extremely 極其，非常。根據(jù)句意可知，如果一個人非常的健康和幸運，人們希望能活到110歲。故選D。答案：D3. A. rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly

8、D. separately解析：考查副詞及語境的理解。句意：然而我們的細(xì)胞不會無止境的再生。rapidly 快速地；harmlessly 無害地；endlessly 無止境地；separately 分離地，分開地。根據(jù)句意可知，因為人體的細(xì)胞不會無止境地再生，因此人的壽命是有限的。因此選C。答案：C4. A. eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately解析：考查副詞及語境的理解。句意：它們（細(xì)胞）慢慢消耗盡，結(jié)果我們就會變老最終死亡。eventually 最終；hopelessly 沒有希望地；automatically 自

9、動地；desperately 絕望地，自暴自棄地。根據(jù)句意可知選A。答案：A5. A. busier B. longer C. richer D. happier解析：考查形容詞及語境的理解。句意：盡管我們不能永久地活著，我們的壽命比以前更長了。busier 更忙的；longer 更長的；richer 更富有的；happier 更開心的。根據(jù)這一段的內(nèi)容可知，現(xiàn)在人的壽命比以前更長了。故選B。答案：B6. A. finishing B. guiding C. waiting D. dividing解析：考查形容詞及語境的理解。句意：作為中年和老年的分界線，65歲可能已經(jīng)過時了。finishin

10、g 完成；guiding 指導(dǎo)，指引；waiting 等待；dividing劃分。根據(jù)文意可知，把65歲當(dāng)做中年和老年的分界線，這已經(jīng)不適合現(xiàn)在的形勢了。dividing line分界線，故選D。答案：D7. A. stress B. damage C. decline D. failure解析：考查名詞及語境的理解。句意：畢竟，很多老年人直到75歲之后才開始經(jīng)歷身體和精神的衰落。stress 壓力，壓迫；damage 損壞；decline 衰落，衰弱；failure失敗。根據(jù)句意可知，現(xiàn)在很多老年人是在75歲之后身體和精神才開始衰弱的，故選C。答案：C8. A. survive B. enj

11、oy C. remember D. value解析：考查動詞及語境的理解。句意：現(xiàn)在人們活得更長因為更多的人從童年中幸存下來。survive 幸存；enjoy 喜歡，欣賞；remember 記得；value價值，估價。根據(jù)這一段的內(nèi)容和the chances of living long are much higher due to a better diets and health care可知，現(xiàn)在的人平均壽命比以前更長的一個原因是人們從童年的疾病中幸存了下來，故選A。答案：A9. A. problems B. fears C. worries D. diseases解析：考查名詞及語境的

12、理解。句意：在現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)改變了自然的法則之前，很多孩子死于常見的兒童疾病。problems 問題；fears 恐懼，害怕；worries 擔(dān)心；diseases 疾病。根據(jù)句意可知，以前的人們因為很多普遍的兒童疾病而死，所以導(dǎo)致平均壽命比較低。故選D。答案：D10. A. poor B. young C. sick D. quiet解析：考查形容詞及語境的理解。句意：既然年少夭折的可能性更低了，那么活得更長的機會就更高了，因為有了更好的飲食和醫(yī)學(xué)護(hù)理。poor 窮的；young 年輕的；sick 病的；quiet 安靜的。根據(jù)這一段的意思可知，以前人們在小的時候就因為生病死去了，dying yo

13、ung就是年少死去。故選B。答案：B11. A. changes B. recovery C. safety D. increases解析：考查名詞及語境的理解。句意：人口結(jié)構(gòu)的改變會對我們社會的發(fā)展和我們的生活方式有持續(xù)的影響。changes 改變；recovery 恢復(fù)；safety 安全；increases 增長，增加。根據(jù)下文中Some people fear such changes will可知，我們現(xiàn)在的人口結(jié)構(gòu)改變了，故選A。答案：A12. A. dreams B. chances C. strengths D. choices解析：考查名詞及語境的理解。句意：一些人擔(dān)心這個改

14、變將會帶來一些壞處，然而還有一些人看到的是機會，而不是災(zāi)難。dreams 夢想；chances 機會；strengths 力量；choices 選擇。根據(jù)句意可知，這句話中的while 表示對比，即跟前一種人不一樣的看法，故選B。答案：B13. A. mind B. appearance C. voice D. movement解析：考查名詞及語境的理解。句意：現(xiàn)在，很多處在“黃金年齡”的男士和女士，身體都非常健康，仍然積極，心態(tài)也很年輕。mind 心態(tài)；appearance 外表；voice 聲音；movement移動。根據(jù)句意可知，這里應(yīng)該是說雖然年齡老了，但是心態(tài)依然年輕，故選A。答案：

15、A14. A. protection B. suggestions C. contributions D. permission解析：考查名詞及語境的理解。句意：隨著我們的社會老齡化，我們需要這些老年公民們的貢獻(xiàn)。protection 保護(hù)；suggestions 建議；contributions 貢獻(xiàn)；permission允許。根據(jù)文意可知，現(xiàn)在的社會逐漸老齡化，因此老年人也要繼續(xù)給我們的社會做貢獻(xiàn)，故選C。答案：C15. A. sound B. appear C. turn D. stay解析：考查動詞及語境的理解。句意：前面還有很長的壽命，他們需要保持積極的心態(tài)和奉獻(xiàn)的精神。sound

16、聽起來；appear 好像；出現(xiàn)；turn 轉(zhuǎn)，變成；stay保持。根據(jù)文意可知，現(xiàn)在人們的壽命更長了，因此老年人也要繼續(xù)保持積極心態(tài)，為我們的社會做貢獻(xiàn)。故應(yīng)選D。答案：D第二節(jié) 語法填空（共10小題； 每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡標(biāo)號為16-25的相應(yīng)位置上。Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned 16 farm, which looked almost abando

17、ned. 17 (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearly 18 other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what 19 (leave). The cow was their only means of support, in fact. One day, the cow was eating grass 20 it began to

18、 rain heavily. While making great efforts to run away, she 21 (fall) over the hill and died. Then the Johnson tried to make a living 22 the cow. In order to support his family, Mr. Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables. Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees 23 (s

19、ell) the wood. Thinking about his childrens clothes, he started growing cotton too. When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market 24 people from the town met regularly. Now it occurred to 25 that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow

20、was a bit of luck. 解析：16.句意：他擁有一個農(nóng)場，這個農(nóng)場看起來都快廢棄了。a 是不定冠詞，表示泛指一個，修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。根據(jù)文意可知，Johnson先生和家人住在樹林里，他擁有一個農(nóng)場。故填a。17.句意：幸運的是，他還有一頭奶牛，每天都能產(chǎn)奶。luckily副詞，幸運的是。根據(jù)文意可知，Johnson先生的農(nóng)場很破舊，都快要廢棄了。但是還有奶牛每天都產(chǎn)奶，能讓他維持生存，所以這是一件幸運的事。這里用副詞形式修飾整個句子18.句意：他去附近的鎮(zhèn)里賣牛奶，或是用牛奶來換其他的食物。本句話中exchange 的意思是交換，根據(jù)句意可知，Johnson先生用牛奶來換其他的食

21、物。這里是用短語exchangefor，故填介詞for。19.句意：他去附近的鎮(zhèn)里賣牛奶，或是用牛奶來換其他的食物，用剩下的牛奶制作奶酪和黃油。leave離開；剩下，留下。根據(jù)文意可知，Johnson先生一家靠農(nóng)場里的奶牛產(chǎn)奶來生活。除去賣掉的和換其他食物的牛奶，剩下的他就用來制作奶酪和黃油。這里what was left是一個賓語從句，根據(jù)句意可知用被動語態(tài)。20.句意：一天，奶牛正在吃草，這時突然開始下起大雨。when是并列連詞，意思是正在這時。這句話使用的句型是be doing sth. when，正在做某事這時。21.句意：在慌忙逃跑的時候，奶牛摔下了山死了。fall摔倒，掉下來，根據(jù)

22、文意可知，這篇短文使用的是一般過去時態(tài)，故這里填過去式fell。22.句意：牛奶死了，Johnson先生不得不繼續(xù)生活。with和一起。根據(jù)文意可知，牛奶在慌忙躲雨的時候，不小心摔死了，因此Johnson先生就不得不沒有了奶牛來生活。故填without。23.句意：因為這些藥草和蔬菜需要花費時間來生長，Johnson先生就開始砍樹來賣木頭。sell賣，銷售。根據(jù)文意可知，Johnson先生一邊種植藥草和蔬菜，一邊砍樹去賣掉木柴。這里用動詞不定式形式在句中作目的狀語。24.句意：豐收的時候，他已經(jīng)在人們定期趕集的市場上去賣藥草、蔬菜和棉花了。where 在這里引導(dǎo)的是一個定語從句，修飾先行詞th

23、e market。25.句意：現(xiàn)在看來好像他的農(nóng)場是非常有潛能的，奶牛的死也似乎給他帶來了好運氣。It occurred to sb. that某人突然發(fā)現(xiàn)，這是一個固定的句型，因為這篇短文講述的是Johnson先生，故填him。答案：16. a17. luckily18. for19. was left20. when21. fell22. without23. to sell24. where25. himII 閱讀（共兩節(jié)，25題，滿分50分）閱讀理解（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項。APeter loved to shop

24、 used articles. Almost a month ago, he bought popular word game that used little pieces of wood with different letters on them. As he was purchasing it, the salesgirl said, “Uh, look, the game box hasnt even been opened yet. That might be worth some money. ”Peter examined the box, and, sure enough,

25、it was completely covered in factory-sealed plastic. And he saw a date of 1973 on the back of the box.“You should put that up for auction(拍賣) on the Internet, and see what happens.”the salesgirl said.“Yes, youre right. People like something rare.” Peter agreed, “I cant imagine there being very many

26、unopened boxes of this game still around 40 years later.”“Dont forget to tell me if you sell it.” the salesgirl smiled.“No problem.” Peter said.After he got home, Peter went online to several auction websites looking for his game. But he couldnt find it. Then he typed in the name of the word game an

27、d hit Search. The search result was 543 websites containing information about the changes of the game. Over the years, the game had been produced using letters in different sizes and game boards in different colors. He also found some lists of game fans looking for various versions of the game. Pete

28、r emailed some of them, telling them what he had.Two weeks later, Peter went back to the shop.“Hello. Do you still remember the unopened word game?”The salesgirl looked at him for a second, then recognized him and said, “Oh, hi!”“Ive got something for you,” Peter said. “I sold the game and made $1,0

29、00. Thank you for your suggestion.” He handed her three $ 100 bills.“Wow!” the salesgirl cried out. “Thank you, I never expected it.”26. Which of the following best describes Peters word game?A. It was made around 40 years ago.B. It had game boards in different sizes.C. It was kept in a plastic bag

30、with a seal.D. It had little pieces of wood in different colors.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“I can I cant imagine there being very many unopened boxes of this game still around 40 years later.”可知這個游戲盒子大約在40年前制造的。故選A。答案：A27. What did the salesgirl probably think of Peters word game?A. Old and handy.B. Rare and valuab

31、le.C. Classic and attractive.D. Colorful and interesting解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)“the salesgirl said, “Uh, look, the game box havent even been opened yet. That might be worth some money. ”可知這個女銷售認(rèn)為這個游戲盒子沒有打開過，可能值錢，有價值。故選B。答案：B28. Peter got the names of the game fans from _.A. an auctionB. the InternetC. a game sh

32、opD. the second-hand shop解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)“The search result was 543 websites containing information about the changes of the game. Over the years, the game had been produced using letters in different sizes and game boards in different colors. He also found some lists of game fans looking for various ver

33、sions of the game.”可知Peter是從網(wǎng)上得知這個游戲愛好者的名字。故選B。答案：B 29. What happened at the end of the story?A. Peter gave the girl $300 as a reward.B. The salesgirl became Peters friend.C. Peter returned the word game for $ 1,000.D. The salesgirl felt confused to see Peter again.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Peter said. “I sold th

34、e game and made $1,000. Thank you for your suggestion.” He handed her three $ 100 bills.”可知Bill感謝這位女銷售員的建議，給了她300美元作為回報。故選A。答案：A30. What is the main theme of the story?A. Its important to keep a promise.B. Its great to share in other peoples happiness.C. We should be grateful for the help from other

35、s.D. Something rare is worth a large amount of money.解析：推理判斷題。全文圍繞著Peter聽了女銷售員的建議，買了這個游戲盒，賺了錢，為了表示感謝，他給了這個女銷售員300美元作為回報。故推斷這個故事的主題是我們應(yīng)該感謝別人的幫助。故選C。答案：CBWhen I was nine years old, I loved to go fishing with my dad. But the only thing that wasnt very fun about it was that he could catch many fish whil

36、e I couldnt catch anything. I usually got pretty upset and kept asking him why. He always answered, “Son, if you want to catch a fish, you have to think like a fish”, I remember being even more upset then because, “Im not a fish!” I didnt know how to think like a fish. Besides, I reasoned, how could

37、 what I think influence what a fish does?As I got a little older I began to understand what my dad really meant. So, I read some books on fish. And I even joined the local fishing club and started attending the monthly meetings. I learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very se

38、nsitive to water temperature. That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer. Besides, water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade. Yet, fish dont have any eyelids(眼皮) and the sun huts their eyes The more I understood fish, the more I became effecti

39、ve at finding and catching them.When I grew up and entered the business world, I remember hearing my first boss say, “We all need to think like sales people.” But it didnt completely make sense. My dad never once said, “If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.” What he said wa

40、s, “You need to think like a fish.” Years later, with great efforts to promote long-term services to people much older and richer than me, I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers. It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters.31. Why was the author

41、 upset in fishing trips when he was nine?A. He could not catch a fish.B. His father was not patient with him.C. His father did not teach him fishing.D. He could not influence a fish as his father did.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“But the only thing that wasnt very fun about it was that he could catch many fish wh

42、ile I couldnt catch anything. I usually got pretty upset and kept asking him why.”可知作者感到難過，是因為他捉不到一條魚。故選A。答案：A32. What did the authors father really mean?A. To read about fish.B. To learn fishing by oneself.C. To understand what fish think.D. To study fishing in many ways.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)“The more I unde

43、rstood fish, the more I became effective at finding and catching them.”“我越了解魚，我越能有效地找到魚”可知此處父親的意思是要我了解釣魚的方法。故選D。答案：D33. According to the author, fish are most likely to be found _.A. in deep water on sunny daysB. in deep water on cloudy daysC. in shallow water under sunlightD. in shallow water under

44、 waterside trees.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)“That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water”可知魚喜歡在淺水里，不喜歡在深水里，故排除A、B兩項。根據(jù)water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade. Yet, fish dont have any eyelids(眼皮) and the sun hurts their eyes.可知魚喜歡呆在陰涼處，不喜歡呆在陽光直射的地方，故排除C項。D項水邊樹下的淺水處，是魚喜歡呆的地方，故此處更有可能發(fā)現(xiàn)魚。故選

45、D。答案：D34. After entering the business world, the author found _.A. it easy to think like a customerB. his fathers fishing advice inspiringC. his first bosss sales ideas reasonableD. it difficult to sell services to poor people解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)“I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like cus

46、tomers.”“我逐漸了解我們需要像消費者一樣去思考”這與父親的“You need to think like a fish”相似，因此這是父親的話給他的啟發(fā)。故選B。答案：B35. This passage most likely comes from _.A. a fishing guideB. a popular sales bookC. a novel on childhoodD. a millionaires biography解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)“It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapte

47、rs.”“這不是一份輕松的工作，我將在下面幾章里向你們展示如何去做”，故推斷這是在教授大家如何去銷售的書。故選B。答案：BCDaniel Anderson, a famous psychologist, believes its important to distinguish televisions influences on children from those of the family. We tend to blame TV, he says, for problems it doesnt really cause, overlooking our own roles in sha

48、ping childrens minds.One traditional belief about television is that it reduces a childs ability to think and to understand the world. While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words and images (影像). Instead, they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see. Actually, children

49、learn early the psychology of characters in TV shows. Furthermore, as many teachers agree, children understand far more when parents watch TV with them, explaining new words and ideas. Yet, most parents use an educational program as a chance to park their kids in front of the set and do something in

50、 another room.Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment. But according to Anderson, the amount of time spent watching television is not related to reading ability. TV doesnt take the place of reading for most children; it takes the place of similar so

51、rts of recreation, such as listening to the radio and playing sports. Things like parents educational background have a stronger influence on a childs reading. “A childs reading ability is best predicted by how much a parent reads.” Anderson says.Traditional wisdom also has it that heavy television-

52、watching lowers IQ (智商) scores and affects school performance. But here, too, Anderson notes that no studies have proved it. In fact, research suggests that its the other way around. “If youre smart young, youll watch less TV when youre older,” Anderson says. Yet, people of lower IQ tend to be lifel

53、ong television viewers.For years researchers have attempted to show that television is dangerous to children. However, by showing that television promotes none of the dangerous effects as conventionally believed, Anderson suggests that television cannot be condemned without considering other influen

54、ces.36. By watching TV, children learn _.A. images through wordsB. more than explicit meaningsC. more about images than wordsD. little about peoples psychology解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Instead, they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see.”可知孩子們通過看電視，可以學(xué)到顯性和隱藏的意義，因此不僅僅學(xué)到隱藏的意思。故選B。答案：B37. An

55、 educational program is best watched by a child _.A. on his ownB. with other kidsC. with his parentsD. with his teachers解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Furthermore, as many teachers agree, children understand far more when parents watch TV with them,”“孩子們有父母陪著看電視理解的更多”，故推斷教育節(jié)目最好是父母陪著孩子看，故選C。答案：C38. Which of the fol

56、lowing is most related to childrens reading ability?A. Radio-listeningB. Television-watchingC. Parents reading listD. Parents educational background解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“A childs reading ability is best predicted by how much a parent reads.” Anderson says.可知父母的閱讀量對孩子的閱讀能力影響很大，故選D。答案：D39. Anderson believed

57、 that _.A. the more a child watches TV, the smarter he isB. the younger a child is, the more he watches TVC. the smarter a child is, the less likely he gets addicted to TVD. the less a child watches TV, the better he performs at school解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“If youre smart young, youll watch less TV when youre older”可知如果你小時越聰明，長大看電視看得越來越少。故選C。答案：C40. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To advise on t