高中虛擬語(yǔ)氣導(dǎo)學(xué)案

1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣By Carriecai一 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反條件從句主句一般過(guò)去時(shí)，be多用wereWould /should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反條件從句主句過(guò)去完成時(shí)(had done/been) Would /should/could/might+have done與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反條件從句主句if +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)主語(yǔ)+would/should/might/could+動(dòng)詞原形 if +主語(yǔ)+were to +動(dòng)詞原形同上 if +主語(yǔ)+should+動(dòng)詞原形同上例句：If I were you, I would go at once .

2、If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping . If you had worked, you would have passed the exam.二 介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件句 常用介詞有with, without, but for等例句：We couldnt have succeeded without your help . (if we hadnt got your help) But for the rain , we would have finished the work .(If it hadnt been for the r

3、ain)三 用一個(gè)副詞或者連詞表示虛擬條件句例句：He telephoned to inform me of your birthday , or I would have known nothing about it .( if he hadnt telephoned to inform)注意倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)如果虛擬條件句中含有were ,should ,had, 可以把if省略，而把這些詞提到句首.Were I you , I wouldnt do that .Had you come earlier , you would have seen him .四 用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在或者將來(lái)事實(shí)相

4、反，用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反.1. 在wish引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中I wish I were as clever as you .I wish I had finished my homework yesterday .在wish后面所接的從句用would / could +動(dòng)詞原形表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反.I wish I could fly to the moon one day .2. 在as if / though 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句或方式狀語(yǔ)從句中He looks as if he were an artist .He talks as if he had really been to

5、 the heaven .但如果是真實(shí)條件句，則不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣.It looks as if it is going to rain.3. If only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中If only I were a bird .If only I had bought the house .4. 在would rather 后面所接的從句中I would rather you paid the money yourself .Id rather she hadnt done that .五 Its (high) time that 后的主語(yǔ)從句中常用過(guò)去時(shí)或should +動(dòng)詞原形Its high time

6、 (that) we started out .正是我們出發(fā)的時(shí)候.六 用should +動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其中should 可省略.1. Suggest ,advise ,demand ,require ,request ,desire, order, command, insist 等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句The teacher suggested that we (should) not lose heart .但suggest作“暗示，表明”講，insist作“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”講，即堅(jiān)持事實(shí)是怎樣的，后面不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣.The look on his face suggested that he

7、 was angry .Mary insisted that he had never stolen anything.2. 以上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞所接的相關(guān)的從句.My suggestion is that you （should） try another means .3. it is desired ,it is suggested, it is requested , it was ordered , it was proposed, it is necessary , it is important , it has been decided 等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語(yǔ)從句It is necessa

8、ry that he (should) be sent there at once . 七 虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示委婉語(yǔ)氣情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)如could, would , might 表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間時(shí)，說(shuō)話人的某種態(tài)度：謙虛，客氣，委婉，不肯定等.Could you tell me how to get to the post office ？It would be better for you not to stay up too late .探究1（2014·重慶高考）13.It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me a

9、s if I _ it?A.had doneB.have doneC.didD.am doing2（2014·北京高考）34.We _ back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.A.areB.wereC.will beD.would be3（2014·湖南高考）22.If Mr.Dewey _ present，he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.A.wereB.had beenC.should beD.was4（2014

10、83;陜西高考）23.We would rather our daughter _ at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.A.would stayB.has stayedC.stayedD.stay5（2014·天津高考）15._ the morning train，he would not have been late for the meeting.A.Did he catchB.Should he catchC.Has he caughtD.Had he caught6（20

11、14·福建高考）32._ no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.A.Were thereB.Had there beenC.If there areD.If there have been7（2014·浙江高考）16.They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation，or they _ to our help.A.wo

12、uld have comeB.could comeC.have comeD.had come8（2014·安徽高考）30.People are recycling many things which they _ away in the past.A.had thrownB.will be throwingC.were throwingD.would have thrown9（2013·重慶高考29題）It rained cats and dogs this morning.Im glad we took an umbrella.Yeah,we would have got

13、 wet all over if we_ .A.hadntB.haventC.didntD.dont10(2013北京高考34題) If we _ a table earlier,we wouldnt be standing here in a queue.A.have bookedB.booked C.bookD.had booked11(2013·陜西高考12題)My mom suggests that we _ eat out for a change this weekend.A.should B.might C.could D.would12(2013·天津高考1

14、4題)If he had spent more time practising speaking English before,he _ able to speak it much better now.A.will be B.would be C.has been D.would have been13(2013·福建高考30題)Do you think George has passed the driving test?No.If so,he _ his car to our college yesterday.A.would drive B.drove C.would hav

15、e driven D.had driven14(2013·浙江高考8題)Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam_at the age of six months old.A.was B.be C.were D.is15（2013·安徽高考28題）I to my cousins birthday party last night,but I was not available.A.wentB.had goneC.would goD.would have gone16（2013·江蘇高考30題）I shou

16、ld not have laughed if I you were serious.A.thought B.would think C.had thoughtD.have thought17(2012北京高考35題)Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.A.isB.wereC.has beenD.had been18(2012北京高考33 題)We _ the difficulty together,but why didnt you tell me?A.should faceB.might faceC.could have facedD.

17、must have faced19(2012湖南高考29題)Sorry,I am too busy now.If I _time,I would certainly go for an outing with you.A.have hadB.had hadC.haveD.had20(2012陜西高考17題)If my car _ more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.A. wasB. had beenC. should beD. would be20(2012天津高考15題)We wo

18、uld have called a taxi yesterday if Harold _ us a ride home.A. didnt offerB. wouldnt offerC. hasnt offeredD. hadnt offered21（2012福建高考31題）We lost our way in that small village,otherwise we _ more places of interest yesterday.A.visitedB.had visitedC.would visitD.would have visited22（2012遼寧高考33題）Jack i

19、s a great talker.Its high time that he _ something instead of just talking.A.will doB.has doneC.doD.did23（2012浙江高考19題）Had they known what was coming next,they _ second thoughts.A.may haveB.could haveC.must have hadD.might have had25（2012安徽高考31題）Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she think

20、s if she _ there,she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.A.livesB.would liveC.has livedD.were to live25（2012·山東高考30題）If we_ adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful.A.havent madeB.wouldnt make C.didnt makeD.hadnt made26(2010陜西高考15題)If we_the other road,we

21、might have arrived here in time for the meeting.A.take B.had taken C.took D.have taken27（2010湖南高考29）If he_my advice,he wouldnt have lost his job.A.followed B.should follow C.had followed D.would follow28（2010北京高考34題）The weather has been very hot and dry.Yes.If it had rained even a drop,things would

22、be much better now!And my vegetables_.A.wouldnt die B.didnt die C.hadnt died D.wouldnt have died29（2010浙江高考10）Had I known about this computer program,a huge amount of time and energy_.A.would have been saved B.had been saved C.will be saved D.was saved30（2010福建高考29題）Teachers recommend parents_their

23、children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.A.not allow B.do not allow C.mustnt allow D.couldnt allow31(2010天津高考15題)John went to the hospital alone.If he_me about it,I would have gone with him.A.should tell B.tells C.told D.had told32(2010江蘇高考34題)George is going to talk about the geograp

24、hy of his country,but Id rather he_more on its culture.A.focus B.focused C.would focus D.had focused33(2009安徽高考34題)But for their help，we_the program in time. A.can not finish B.will not finish C.had not finished D.could not have finished 34(2009浙江高考13題)The doctor recommended that you _swim after eat

25、ing a large meal. A.wouldn't B.couldn't C.needn't D.shouldn't 35(2009福建高考35題)But for the help of my English teacher, I_the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A.would not win B.would not have won C.would win D.would have won 能力提升 模擬精選1(2014·杭州高考科目教學(xué)質(zhì)檢)The voluntary s

26、ervice saved you a sum of money that you otherwise _ (spend) on the agency responsible for finding your pets.2(2014·河南洛陽(yáng)統(tǒng)考)No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that he _(remain) silent.3(2014·福州質(zhì)量檢測(cè))What if you _(forget) to send an essay with your application?I would have b

27、een rejected.4(2014·陜西質(zhì)量檢測(cè)一)We are close friends. We _ (face) the problem together, but why didn't you let me know?5(2014·河北唐山統(tǒng)考)It was suggested that an armed guard _(stand) in readiness, protecting the president.6(2014·北京東城統(tǒng)一檢測(cè))Do you like the school?Yeah. I only wish the classe

28、s _(be) a little smaller.7(2014·浙江金麗衢十二校第二次聯(lián)考)The upset mother thought to herself, “If only I _(know) what's going on in my little boy's head right now.”8(2014·安徽安慶二模)Had Yeats stopped writing at age 40, probably he _(be) valued as a minor poet now.9(2014·遼寧沈陽(yáng)一模)It _(be) cool

29、if I won this contest. I don't think I'm good enough, though.Give it a shot. You never know.10(2014·遼寧大連三中期末)Did you make it at last?Yes. But for your help, it _ (cause) a serious loss.11(2014·湖南湘中名校一聯(lián))Max looks nervous.So _ you if you had so fierce a competiton.12(2014·浙江湖州八校

30、二次聯(lián)考)It's a shame that you missed the lecture on the British culture given by Thompson.I _(attend) it, but I was busy preparing for the coming exam.13(2014·湖南師大附中一次月考)They could have escaped from the big fire, but unfortunately, someone _ (lock) the door.14(2014·湖南衡陽(yáng)八中月考)Our company wi

31、ll organize a trip to Hong Kong next month. I am taking my mother there.I'd rather you _(do). After all she has just recovered from her illness and she still feels weak.15(2014·湖南長(zhǎng)沙雅禮中學(xué)月考)We _(finish) the project on time without your timely help.16(2013·遼寧大連雙基測(cè)試)If the world had ended

32、on Dec. 21st, 2012, we _ (be) able to enjoy the wonderful life now.17(2013·吉林延吉質(zhì)檢)The Antarctic is so mystically described by some people. If only I _(be) there before!18(2013·北京東城一模)I wish I _(share) the car journey home with my friends. Now they are watching the football match at home.19

33、(2013·遼寧大連二十四中期末)Mum, can I watch the TV program for another twenty minutes?Sorry, dear, it's time you _(go) to bed.20(2013·安徽名校聯(lián)考)I can't thank you too much for your help. Without it I _(succeed) in finding my lost son.21The doctor recommended that you _ not swim after eating a la

34、rge meal.22If only I _(have) more confidence in the English speech contest held last week!23How I wish I _(be) free now!24_ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.25If I were young, I _(take) part in this camp.26My teacher urged I _(keep) a diary to improve my writ

35、ing skills.27I'd rather he _(go) to the seaside with me the day before yesterday.28My suggestion is that we _ (put) up our tents before dark.29It's vital that we _(take) our safety driving along the road seriously.30It's high time that she _(get) down to writing her graduation paper.31We

36、 had great fun on the beach last weekend.Really? How I wish I _ (go) there with you.32If my father _ (be) here yesterday, he would have stopped me from going surfing.33My sister insisted I _ (accompany) her to the supermarket.34But for her timely help, I _ (drown) in the river.35I was too busy with

37、my coming exam. Otherwise, I _ (attend) your birthday party.36I made a suggestion that he _ (set) aside some money for later use.37We were caught in the heavy rain. If only we _ (stay) at home.38If he had seen the film, he _ (tell) me about it.39The teacher recommended I _ (pay) attention to protect

38、ing my eyesight.40My grandmother required that I _ (form) the good habit of being polite.答案與解析1would have spent句意：本來(lái)你要花一大筆錢給負(fù)責(zé)幫你找寵物的那家機(jī)構(gòu)的，(但)這個(gè)志愿者服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)幫你省下了這筆錢。根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)和句中的otherwise 判斷，這里表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，定語(yǔ)從句中用would have done 表示“本來(lái)要做某事”。2should have remained句意：這些話剛一說(shuō)出口，他就意識(shí)到自己本該保持沉默的。由句意可知，此處是對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的虛擬，

39、故用should have done，表示“本該做(但沒(méi)有做)某事”。3had forgotten句意：如果你在寄申請(qǐng)的時(shí)候忘記發(fā)送一篇論文會(huì)怎么樣？我會(huì)被拒絕的。根據(jù)答語(yǔ)可知，問(wèn)句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，故應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。4should have faced句意：我們是好朋友，本該一起面對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的，可是你為什么不告訴我？題干中的but表明這里說(shuō)的是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，故用should have faced。5(should) stand此處suggest 表示“建議”，此時(shí)that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should動(dòng)詞原形”，且should 可以省略。6were句意

40、：你喜歡這個(gè)學(xué)校嗎？是的。我只希望我們的班級(jí)小一些。在wish 后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，此處表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的一種假設(shè)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去式。7knewif only 表示“要是就好了”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)“right now”可知，此處表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。8would be句意：假設(shè)Yeats 在40歲時(shí)就不寫詩(shī)了，那么現(xiàn)在他或許就會(huì)被評(píng)價(jià)為一位名不見(jiàn)經(jīng)傳的詩(shī)人了。從句意看，狀語(yǔ)從句敘述的是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句使用了過(guò)去完成時(shí)，而主句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now 表示這里敘述的是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的結(jié)果，應(yīng)用“would動(dòng)詞原形”。9would be句意：我要是能

41、贏這場(chǎng)比賽就太好了。但是我想我不夠出色。試試看，很難說(shuō)。通過(guò)句意和won得知，本句為表示將來(lái)的虛擬，所以設(shè)空處填would be。10would/could have caused句意：最后你成功了嗎？是的，要不是你的幫助，將/可能會(huì)有很大的損失。本句為與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，所以可用should/would/could/might have done 的形式。但should常用于第一人稱，might 常用于可能性很小。11would句意：馬克斯看上去很緊張。如果是你參加這么激烈的比賽，你也會(huì)緊張的。本句中主句和if 條件從句都表示和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，可改為：You would also lo

42、ok nervous if you had so fierce a competiton.然后考慮采用“sobe動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)”句型替換主句形式。12would/should have attended句意：真遺憾你錯(cuò)過(guò)了湯普森所作的有關(guān)英國(guó)文化的講座。我本想/應(yīng)該參加的，但是我正忙于準(zhǔn)備即將到來(lái)的考試。根據(jù)題干中的was busy 可知設(shè)空處表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，故答案為would/should have attended。13had locked句意：他們本可以從大火中逃出來(lái)，但不幸的是，有人把門鎖上了。根據(jù)題干中“could have escaped”可判斷該句為與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反

43、的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，故設(shè)空處表示過(guò)去；lock 先于could have escaped，即表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。14didn't句意：我們公司下個(gè)月將組織到香港旅游，我打算帶我媽媽去那里。我寧可你不帶她，畢竟她剛剛從病中恢復(fù)，身體還很虛弱。would rather 接從句的時(shí)候，從句的謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的虛擬。15wouldn't/couldn't have finished句意：如果沒(méi)有你的及時(shí)幫助，我們就不能按時(shí)完成那項(xiàng)工程了。without your timely help 相當(dāng)于含蓄條件從句，即if it hadn't been for your timely help，是和過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，故句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用wouldn't/couldn't have done 形式。16wouldn't be句意：如果世界在2012年12月21日滅亡了的話，我們現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)享受精彩的生活了。if 從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，而主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，故答案為wouldn't be。17had been句意：南極地區(qū)被一些人描述得很神奇。我要是去過(guò)那