高考英語(yǔ)作文教師用

1、 高考作文全國(guó)英語(yǔ)高考試卷中的寫(xiě)作題目主要是：記人、敘事、寫(xiě)信、通知或看圖作文等。大多為記敘文、議論文和應(yīng)用文。在寫(xiě)作時(shí)，考生應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：(1)寫(xiě)記敘文時(shí)要有時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件、原因和結(jié)果六要素，寫(xiě)作的時(shí)候要明白清楚地寫(xiě)出來(lái)。寫(xiě)人物時(shí)，要注意介紹人物的身世、經(jīng)歷和事跡等。敘事時(shí)要描寫(xiě)事情發(fā)生的經(jīng)過(guò)與發(fā)展的結(jié)果，寫(xiě)清楚事情發(fā)生的前因后果等。 (2)寫(xiě)議論文時(shí)要求考生就某一方面的問(wèn)題通過(guò)擺事實(shí)、講道理的方式來(lái)闡述自己的看法。議論文應(yīng)由論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、論證三部分構(gòu)成。 (3)高考英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用文主要以寫(xiě)信為主。英文書(shū)信主要由6個(gè)部分組成，即：信頭、信內(nèi)位置、稱呼、正文、結(jié)束語(yǔ)、簽字。信的正文和寫(xiě)文章一

2、樣，要分段落寫(xiě)，每一段要有一個(gè)中心思想。在寫(xiě)作中，首先，要根據(jù)試題里的“提示”確定一個(gè)寫(xiě)作中心，再根據(jù)這個(gè)中心，列出寫(xiě)作提綱，提綱一定要包含所提供的情景要點(diǎn)，同時(shí)要盡量使用自己熟悉的詞匯與句型。然后，用自己熟悉的詞匯與句型擴(kuò)展成篇。擴(kuò)展的內(nèi)容一定要緊扣主題。一、寫(xiě)作步驟步驟一：認(rèn)真審題立意，確定寫(xiě)作中心。以命題作文“The Classmate I Admire Most”為例，文章的主題是關(guān)于記敘我最欣賞的一位同學(xué)，因而就不能泛泛談?wù)撨@位同學(xué)的家庭關(guān)系、社會(huì)背景等步驟二：圍繞中心，列出寫(xiě)作提綱。提綱一定要包含所提供的情景、要點(diǎn)，同時(shí)盡量使用自己熟悉的詞匯與句型。仍以“The Classmate

3、 I Admire Most”為例，提綱可以這樣寫(xiě)： Who is the Classmate I admire most?My reasons. (Some Examples)What can I learn from the classmate。步驟三，根據(jù)字?jǐn)?shù)要求，擴(kuò)展成篇。有幾個(gè)可以遵循的規(guī)律，供大家參考：天星版權(quán)所有1、在整篇文章中，努力避免只是用一、兩個(gè)句式。要靈活運(yùn)用各種句式。如倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、省略句、主從復(fù)合句、對(duì)比句、分詞短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)等。2、使用不同長(zhǎng)度的句子，通過(guò)分句和合句，增強(qiáng)句子地連貫性和表現(xiàn)力。3、改變句子的開(kāi)頭方式，不要一味以主、謂、賓、狀的次序，可以把狀語(yǔ)置于句

4、首，或用分詞等。4、學(xué)會(huì)使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞。如： 遞進(jìn)關(guān)系： furthermore；moreover；further；In this way ；still； not only.but also.； not.but.； in addition (to)；etc。 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but；even so；however；though；even though；etc。 歸納總結(jié)類：in other words；on the whole; in sum; therefore；hence；in short； to sum up；in conclusion; in summary；etc。 強(qiáng)調(diào)關(guān)系：in fact;

5、 especially；particularly；moreover；naturally; what is more important； in reality； indeed; in particular；etc。 對(duì)照(不同點(diǎn))：yet; still; for all of that; notwithstanding; rather; neither . nor; although; though; but; however; etc。 并列關(guān)系： and; also; as well as；either.，or.；both.and. etc。 先后次序關(guān)系：at this time; fi

6、rst; second; at last; previously; simultaneously; last but not least；to begin with；etc。 結(jié)果關(guān)系：accordingly; thus; consequently; thereupon; etc。 順序關(guān)系： at the outset，following this; at this time; etc。 重申關(guān)系：in other words; that is to say; as I have said; etc。5、盡量避免重復(fù)使用同一單詞或詞組。天步驟四、利用最后的時(shí)間做“機(jī)械性”寫(xiě)作練習(xí)，強(qiáng)化記憶。

7、例如：常用的應(yīng)用文如通知、書(shū)信等都有其固定的格式及寫(xiě)作技巧，讀懂具體內(nèi)容，然后把內(nèi)容套進(jìn)特定的格式中去，就是一篇條理清楚的書(shū)面表達(dá)了。二、嘗試改變句型用并列連詞把意義相關(guān)的幾個(gè)句子連起來(lái)，避免句子冗長(zhǎng)累贅，松散無(wú)力，使句子凝煉，層次清晰 (1 ) I was walking along Park Road towards the east. At that time, an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street. I was walking along Park Road towards the eas

8、t when an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street. (2000NMET) (2) The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street. It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, and it/which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. 2. 試著改變句子的開(kāi)頭，不要一味地都是主語(yǔ)開(kāi)

9、頭，接著是謂語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，最后加一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)要靈活應(yīng)用倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、主從復(fù)合句、分詞狀語(yǔ)等，這樣能增加文章的節(jié)奏和韻律美 (1) We met at the school gate and went there together early in the morning. Early in the morning we met at the school gate and went there together. (2) Our brave Ah Fu had saved my little sister. It was our brave Ah Fu who had saved my little

10、 sister. 在整篇文章中,避免只使用一兩個(gè)句型,要靈活運(yùn)用各種語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu),使文章有聲有色 (1)、改變時(shí)態(tài) 例:The bell is ringing now.(一般) There goes the bell! (高級(jí)) (2)、改變語(yǔ)態(tài) 例:People suggest that the conference be put off.(一般) It is suggested that the conference be put off. (高級(jí)) (3)、使用不定式 例:He is so kind that he can help me.(一般) He is so kind as to h

11、elp me.(高級(jí)) (4)、使用過(guò)去分詞 例: She walked out of the lab and many students followed her.(一般) Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab.(高級(jí)) Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.(一般) Once seen, it can never be forgotten.(高級(jí)) (5)、使用V-ing形式 例: When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.(一般)

12、On arriving/his arrival, please give me an e-mail.(高級(jí)) If the weather permits, Ill come tomorrow.(一般) Ill come tomorrow, weather permitting.(高級(jí)) (6)、使用名詞性從句 例: It disappointed everybody that he didnt turn up.(一般) The fact that he didnt turn up disappointed everybody.(高級(jí)) I happened to have met him.(

13、一般) It happened that I had met him.(高級(jí)) To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.(一般) What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things. (高級(jí)) (7 )、使用定語(yǔ)從句 The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written.(一般) The girl whose composition was well written is spok

14、en highly of.(高級(jí)) (8)、使用狀語(yǔ)從句 例: I wont believe what he says.(一般) No matter what he says, I wont believe.(高級(jí)) If you come back before six oclock, you can go out.(一般) You can go out on condition that(provided that) you come back before six oclock.(高級(jí)) If she doesnt agree, what shall we do?(一般) Supposi

15、ng that she doesnt agree, what shall we do?(高級(jí)) 三、練習(xí)1. 改變時(shí)態(tài)或者語(yǔ)態(tài)。He joined the club two years ago.(一般過(guò)去時(shí))Two years has passed since he joined the club.（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）People suggest that the meeting should be put off.Its suggested that the meeting should be put off.（主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)）2. 靈活使用不定式。They know the plan and the

16、 plan will be carried out next weekThey know the plan to be carried out next week.It is difficult and I cant finish it.I find it difficult to finish it.3. 使用過(guò)去分詞。She walked out of the lab and many students followed her. Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab.4. 使用現(xiàn)在分詞。When you arrive,

17、you can send me an e-mail. On arriving, you can send me an e-mail.5. 使用定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句。The girl is spoken highly of. Her article was well written.The girl whose article was well written is spoken highly of.6. 使用名詞性從句。To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things. What surprises him is that the lit

18、tle girl knows so many things.7. 使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。Lincoln was murdered at the theatre.It was at theatre that Lincoln was murdered.9. 避免漢語(yǔ)式英語(yǔ)思維。他家昨天發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)火災(zāi)。 誤：His home broke out a fire last night. 正：A fire broke out in his home last night. 我是最愛(ài)學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生”寫(xiě)成“I was the most love study student.”應(yīng)該是I am a student who l

19、ove to study the most.“4歲的時(shí)候，他的父親就去世了。 誤：At the age of four, his father died. 正：When he was four years old, his father died. 四 英語(yǔ)作文改寫(xiě)訓(xùn)練： 作文樣本：Every family has lots of housework. Everyone should do some of it. I help my parents do housework such as washing clothes, cleaning the room and watering flow

20、ers. I will do it well for my family. I think Ive learned how to take good care of myself and my family by doing housework. Sometimes doing housework is an enjoyable experience. And doing housework is also a kind of exercise. I can feel proud of myself only in this way. I think doing housework is us

21、eful and valuable The summer holiday is coming. I will learn to do more housework. And my parents will be happy.這篇作文樣本是部分同學(xué)典型的作文風(fēng)格，帶有初中作文的痕跡。幾乎所有的句子都的簡(jiǎn)單的主謂賓或者主系表句子。每個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)都是第一人稱開(kāi)頭。詞匯的使用量不大，簡(jiǎn)單單詞的重復(fù)使用頻率高。復(fù)雜句型幾乎沒(méi)有。針對(duì)改寫(xiě)訓(xùn)練：要求：1. 要求盡可能多的使用今天所學(xué)習(xí)到的變換句型。2. 注意替換某些簡(jiǎn)單單詞和使用一些固定詞組以及連接詞。Every family has lots of ho

22、usework, which should be done by most of us.（定語(yǔ)從句改寫(xiě)）As for me, (上下句的連接詞添加) some of the housework such as washing clothes, cleaning the room and watering flowers is what I can help for my parents.(主語(yǔ)從句改寫(xiě)) Meanwhile, I will try my best（添加固定詞組）to do it well for my family. Personally,the more housework

23、I do, the more(比較級(jí)句型使用) I have learnt how to take care of myself as well as （替換and）my family . In some ways (替換sometimes), I find that doing housework is not only anenjoyable experience but also a kind of exercise. （使用固定句型）Only in this way, can I feel proud of myself.(使用倒裝句) It is useful and valuabl

24、e for me to do housework. (it is + adj + for sb to do sth 使用不定式句型)It is never too old to learn. (引用名人名言) I will keep on doing more housework to makemy family happy in the coming（使用現(xiàn)在分詞）summer holiday.五、掌握常用句型： 1. in order to為了實(shí)現(xiàn)他的夢(mèng)想，他學(xué)習(xí)非常努力。 He worked very hard in order to realize his dream.2. in or

25、der that她拼命干活以便到六點(diǎn)時(shí)把一切都準(zhǔn)備就緒。She worked hard in order that everything would be ready by 6 oclock.3. prefer to dorather than do比起女人，男人總是寧可在家睡覺(jué)也不愿花那么多時(shí)間來(lái)購(gòu)物。Compared with women, men always prefer to sleep at home rather than spend so much timeshopping.4. not onlybut also在短短的三年的時(shí)間里她不但完成了所有課程，而且還獲得了博士學(xué)位。I

26、n just three years, she had not only finished all the lessons, but also received herdoctors degree.5. eitheror如果考試過(guò)關(guān)，你可以買(mǎi)一個(gè)MP3或去云南玩一趟。You could either buy an MP3 or go to Yunnan for a visit if you pass the exam.6. notuntil直到他告訴我發(fā)生的事，我才了解真相。I didnt know the truth until she told me what happened.7. as

27、 if他夸夸其談好像什么事都知道。He talks a lot as if he knows everything.8. It is no use (good) doing假裝不懂規(guī)則是行不通的。Its no use pretending that you didnt know the rules.9. find it + adj to do我覺(jué)得作聽(tīng)力時(shí)有必要作筆記。I find it necessary to take down notes while listening.10. It isthat我最珍視的是友誼。It is friendship that I value most.六、

28、翻譯句子1.利遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于弊”The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.（注：句中the advantages與the disadvantages具有正反對(duì)比的關(guān)系和效果。）2. “他們注意到了這些說(shuō)法中的一些道理，但他們卻忽視了一個(gè)重要的事實(shí) They have noticed a grain of truth in the statements，but have ignored a more important fact.（注：句中have noticed與have ignored，a grain of truth in the stateme

29、nts與a more important fact具有正反對(duì)比的關(guān)系和效果。）3.這樣做既有積極效果也有消極效果It will have both negative and positive effects by so doing.（注：句中negative與positive具有正反對(duì)比的關(guān)系和效果）4.我們既有與我們很為相似的朋友，又有與我們很為不同的朋友We have friends similar to us and friends different from us.（注：句中similar to與different from具有正反對(duì)比的關(guān)系和效果）5.讀書(shū)使我們聰明，鍛煉使我們強(qiáng)健

30、Reading makes us wise while exercises make us strong. 排比英文中有時(shí)也使用排比句式，這種句式整齊而有氣勢(shì)，又不會(huì)使人感到單調(diào)。 6.現(xiàn)在是忘掉過(guò)去一切的時(shí)候了?，F(xiàn)在是言歸正傳的時(shí)候了?，F(xiàn)在是為未來(lái)而奮斗的時(shí)候了”，可以這樣表達(dá)：Now is the time to forget everything in the past. Now is the time to get down to the business. Now is the time to work hard for the future.（注：此句為句首重復(fù)，重復(fù)部分為句首的n

31、ow it the time to）重復(fù)英文一般講求簡(jiǎn)潔，因此為表達(dá)強(qiáng)調(diào)偶爾使用重復(fù)可以使語(yǔ)句的強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容得到突出。英文的重復(fù)又根據(jù)被重復(fù)詞語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)句中的位置分為句首重復(fù)、句尾重復(fù)、首尾重復(fù)、尾首重復(fù)等。我們渴望成功，而且正在為成功而努力工作We long for success and we are working hard for success.（注：此句為句尾重復(fù)，重復(fù)的部分為句尾的for success.）我相信我們能夠成功，我相信我們也一定會(huì)成功I am convinced that we can succeed，and Iam convinced that we must succe

32、ed.（注：and所連接的兩個(gè)語(yǔ)句的句首與句尾部分同時(shí)重復(fù)，重復(fù)的部分為句首的I am convinced that與句尾的succeed）我們現(xiàn)在生活在一個(gè)新的時(shí)代，而一個(gè)改革充滿著風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與機(jī)遇We are now living in a new era，and a new era of reform is always full of ventures and chances.（注：and之前的句尾與and之后的句首重復(fù)，重復(fù)部分為a new era.）7.充滿著風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與機(jī)遇的改革的新時(shí)代正向我們走來(lái)”，可以這樣表達(dá)：倒裝這里說(shuō)的倒裝不同于前述非修辭性的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝。非修辭性的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝是語(yǔ)

33、句的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)所限定的，沒(méi)有自由選擇的余地，只要運(yùn)用需要倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的句型就要采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。這里所說(shuō)的倒裝是指修辭性語(yǔ)義結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝，是進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)的一種手段，它利用了語(yǔ)句句首（或句尾）的特殊位置。Now on coming to us is the new era of reform full of ventures and chances. 5. 過(guò)去的經(jīng)歷就像圖片一樣總是在腦海中縈繞轉(zhuǎn)義轉(zhuǎn)義是一種對(duì)詞語(yǔ)靈活運(yùn)用的修辭手段，主要有比喻、擬人、夸張、反語(yǔ)、婉轉(zhuǎn)等，比喻又包括明喻、暗喻、換喻、提喻等。What had been experienced in the past was always loomi

34、ng in memory like a picture.（注：此句采用明喻，明喻的特點(diǎn)是使用了like一詞）七、常見(jiàn)句型英語(yǔ)書(shū)信的常見(jiàn)寫(xiě)作模板開(kāi)頭部分：1.How nice to hear from you again. Let me tell you something about the activity.2.Im glad to have received your letter of Apr. 9th.Im pleased to hear that youre coming to China for a visit.3.Im writing to thank you for your

35、help during my stay in America.結(jié)尾部分：With best wishes.Im looking forward to your reply. /Id appreciate it if you could reply earlier.二、口頭通知常見(jiàn)寫(xiě)作模板呼語(yǔ)及開(kāi)場(chǎng)白部分：Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make.正文部分：All the teachers and students are required to attend i

36、t. Please take your notebooks and make notes. Please listen carefully and well have a discussion in groups. Please come on time and dont be late.結(jié)束語(yǔ)部分：Please come and join in it.Everybody is welcome to attend it.I hope youll have a nice time here.Thats all. Thank you.三、議論文模板1.正反觀點(diǎn)式議論文模板導(dǎo)入：第1段：Recent

37、ly weve had a discussion about whether we should. (導(dǎo)入話題)Our opinions are divided on this topic.(觀點(diǎn)有分歧)正文： 第2段：Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方觀點(diǎn)) Here are the reasons. First. Second. Finally.(列出23個(gè)贊成的理由) 第3段：However, the others are strongly against it. (反方觀點(diǎn)) Their reasons are as follows

38、. In the first place. Whats more. In addition.(列出23個(gè)反對(duì)的理由)結(jié)論： 第4段：Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)) 2.“A或者B”類議論文模板：導(dǎo)入：第1段：Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others,however, ar

39、gue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.正文：第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that . Another reason is that.(贊同A的原因) 第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent. (列出12個(gè)B的優(yōu)勢(shì))結(jié)論：第4段: But if all these factors are

40、considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that .(得出結(jié)論)3.觀點(diǎn)論述類議論文模板：導(dǎo)入：第1段：提出一種現(xiàn)象或某個(gè)決定作為議論的話題As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的觀點(diǎn)是贊成還是反對(duì))The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (過(guò)渡句，承上啟下)正文：第2段：First of all. Secondly. Besides.(列出23個(gè)贊成或反對(duì)的理由)結(jié)論：第3段：In con