選修八Unit 1 - A Land of Diversity

1、Unit 1 A Land of DiversityVocabularydistinct distinct adj. 明顯的，清晰的；不同的The product has distinct advantages even though costs are rising.盡管成本在上升，但此產(chǎn)品優(yōu)勢(shì)依然明顯。 Biology and Ecology are subjects which are distinct from one another.生物學(xué)和生態(tài)學(xué)是互不相同的學(xué)科。distinctiondistinction n. 區(qū)別；卓著Photography often confuses th

2、e distinction between art and reality.攝影技術(shù)經(jīng)常模糊了藝術(shù)和真實(shí)之間的區(qū)別。Jean did offer service to her firm with distinction.瓊確實(shí)在為公司供職期間表現(xiàn)卓越。 live onlive on 繼續(xù)生存 The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. 移民們的習(xí)俗和語言在他們新的家園生存下來了。Words to knowthe Arctic - the Antarctic 北極 南極meansmeans n. “

3、手段，方法”這是一個(gè)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的詞。by no means “決不，一點(diǎn)也不（位于句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝）”， by all means“一定，務(wù)必，盡一切辦法，當(dāng)然可以” by any means“無論如何；以任何方式”等等。 meansBy no means is this a good chance for you to achieve your dream.這絕非是你實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的機(jī)會(huì)。You should by all means warn him the danger once he decides to take the job.一旦他決定承擔(dān)這份工作，你必須設(shè)法警告他可能面臨的危險(xiǎn)

4、。 meansScientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. 科學(xué)家認(rèn)為這些定居者，借助史前時(shí)期存在的大陸橋，橫穿北冰洋的白令海峽來到美國(guó)，majoritymajority n. “大多數(shù)，大半”。major adj.“主要的, 大部分的, 較多的” n.“專業(yè)，主修科目”， v.“主修”，major in.My major at unive

5、rsity was English.= When I was in university, I majored in English. 我在大學(xué)期間主修英語。 majority ofa majority of = majorities of 大多數(shù)a minority of = minorities of 少數(shù)make a life make a life Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. despit

6、e = in spite of hard - hardly - hardship electelect vt. “選擇，決定做某事，選舉某人”。elect sb. as選舉某人做名詞形式為election。貝拉克奧巴馬在2008年被選為美國(guó)總統(tǒng)。Barack Obama was elected as president of America in 2008. Words to know 1. FBI = Federal Bureau of Investigation CIA = Central Intelligence Agency2. percentage - percent keep up

7、keep up “堅(jiān)持，維持，沿襲（風(fēng)俗，傳統(tǒng)等）”Though those Chinese have been in America for more than 50 years, they still keep up with some traditional customs.盡管這些中國(guó)人在美國(guó)生活了半個(gè)多世紀(jì)，他們?nèi)匀槐３种恍﹤鹘y(tǒng)風(fēng)俗。 boomboom n.繁榮；興旺； vi.急速增長(zhǎng)在房地產(chǎn)生意興隆期間他發(fā)了大財(cái)。 He made a fortune during the property boom.商業(yè)正日趨繁榮。Business is booming.immigrate im

8、migrate - immigrant - immigration immigrate v. 移入（外國(guó)定居）immigrant n. （從外國(guó)移入的）移民immigration n. 移民；移居入境 Words to know1. race n. 賽跑；種族 - racial adj.2. cross v. / n. - crossing n. 3. vice-president vice-director 4. the North Pole - the South Pole the positive pole - the negative pole applyapplicant n. “申

9、請(qǐng)人”；apply v. “申請(qǐng)”。apply to sb. for sth. 向某人申請(qǐng) applyto把用于名詞形式為application。applyLots of graduates applied to the company for a better-paid job.很多畢業(yè)生向公司申請(qǐng)酬勞更高的工作。It is said that they applied a great deal of advanced technology to the design and construction of the high-speed railway in China.據(jù)說中國(guó)高鐵的設(shè)計(jì)和

10、建造中應(yīng)用了大量的先進(jìn)科技。 Words to know1. custom n. 風(fēng)俗，習(xí)俗 customs n. 海關(guān)2. social adj. 社會(huì)的- society n. 社會(huì) socialism n. 社會(huì)主義 socialist n. 社會(huì)主義者 adj. 社會(huì)主義的 occur occur vi. “發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)”。In the past 10 days, several accidents about the elevators have occurred in many places.過去十天中，很多地方的電梯出了問題。occur拓展occur vi. “想起”。常用sth.

11、 + occur to + sb. 當(dāng)主語是一個(gè)句子時(shí)，常用It + occur to sb. that結(jié)構(gòu).It occurred to me that I should have watched the final game between the Mavericks and the Heat!突然想起來，我應(yīng)該觀看小牛和熱火的最后一場(chǎng)決賽的。 indicateindicate vt. 指出；暗示A survey of retired people has indicated that most are independent and enjoying life.對(duì)退休人員的調(diào)查表明，大部

12、分人都自食其力，享受生活。 Words to know1. obvious - evident - apparant apparant adj. - apparantly adv.2. conduct v. - conductor n. 3. bake v. - bakery n. 4. Angel Island - angle - ankle slipslip vi.滑，滑脫；犯過失，出錯(cuò)；He had slipped on an icy pavement.他在一條結(jié)了冰的人行道上滑了一跤。We are too close to allow success to slip through o

13、ur fingers.我們已經(jīng)如此接近成功，不能聽任它從指縫中溜走。 team up withteam up with “與合作或者一起工作”?，F(xiàn)代社會(huì)中，我們必須學(xué)會(huì)和別人合作。We have to learn to team up with others in this modern society. teamteamwork 團(tuán)隊(duì)合作 team spirit 團(tuán)隊(duì)精神團(tuán)隊(duì)合作是發(fā)展團(tuán)隊(duì)精神的好方式。 Teamwork is a good way to develop our team spirit.hirehire v. 雇傭 - fire v. 解雇The rest of the st

14、aff have been hired on short-term contracts.其余的工作人員簽的是短期雇用合同。The rest of the staff have been fired after short-term contracts.其余的工作人員在短期雇用合同后被解雇。 take in take in “包括，吸收; 欺騙”China has been taking in advanced technology since the very beginning of reform and opening-up.中國(guó)從改革開放以來就一直在吸收先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù)。We were a

15、ll taken in by him because of his beautiful lie.我們都被他美麗的謊言給欺騙了。 這些詞組跟名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要和名詞保持一致。 a great/good many “許多，很多”，其后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。意思用法相近的短語還有：a large number of；只跟不可數(shù)名詞的有：a great deal of; a large amount of等；意思相同，既可以跟可數(shù)名詞又可以跟不可數(shù)名詞的有：plenty of; a lot of; a large quantity of; large quantities of; plenty o

16、f等等。這些詞組跟名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要和名詞保持一致。 a great many of quantity的兩個(gè)短語例外，它們后跟名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要和quantity一致，和名詞沒有關(guān)系。如：Large quantities of the water in this lake have been polluted.這個(gè)湖里大量的水已經(jīng)被污染了。A large quantity of car accidents has been caused by the drivers drunk-driving.大量的交通事故是由醉酒駕駛導(dǎo)致的。 nowherenowhere adv. 無處，無處

17、都不This utopia is almost nowhere to be found today.這種烏托邦今天幾乎無處尋覓。Sometimes you bend over backwards to please, but still get nowhere.有時(shí)你使出渾身解數(shù)來取悅對(duì)方，但仍毫無結(jié)果。 Words to know1. punishment n. - punish v. 2. just adj. - fair adj. 公平的 justice n. - fairness n. 正義，公平的3. civil adj. 國(guó)內(nèi)的，民間的 Civil War 內(nèi)戰(zhàn) Words to

18、know4. authority n. 權(quán)威，權(quán)力 authorities (pl.) 當(dāng)局，官方 administration government 5. think v. - thought n. - thoughtful adj. 關(guān)切的，體貼的reformreform n.改革；改良 v.改革；改造education reform 教育改革A new leader will reform the unjust system.新的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人將改革不當(dāng)?shù)闹贫取?graspgrasp vt. / n. “抓住，抓緊，掌握，領(lǐng)會(huì)”。作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常用短語如:grasp the opportunity做名詞時(shí)，常用have a (good) grasp of 掌握非常熟練graspI dont think youve quite grasped the importance of the situation. 我認(rèn)為你對(duì)情況的重要性理解得還不透徹。We have had a good grasp of the diff