中考英語復(fù)習(xí)-句法大全

1、文檔僅供參考第二篇句法主要句式一知識概要初中所學(xué)為甸生一般變分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句卻感慨句.竦述句中有肯應(yīng)句與否 定句之分.其中可以分為以下五種： 主語+不及物動(dòng)詞.如：I arrived at six last night.主語 + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語,如：I bought a good English Chinese Dictionary yesterday. 主語+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語,如： Please tell mea story before I go to bed. 這樣可加雙賓語的句子有buy,tell, give, ask, pass, teach. 主語+及物動(dòng)

2、詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語, 如： I found it impossible to do it. Please keep the classroom clean andtidy. 主語 + 系動(dòng)詞 + 表語,如：Tomis an American boy. The grass turned green in spring. 在初中常見的句型中有 There be句型,表示存在某種事物,如： There is a map on the wall其be動(dòng)詞的形式要與其后面相近的那個(gè)名詞相一致.要注意的是這種句型參加助動(dòng)詞后,也要保持 be 動(dòng)詞,不要換用 have,如：There is going t

3、o be a meeting tomorrow.在句子始構(gòu)+要注意豐節(jié)一致的河倒即勺干的主語與由語動(dòng)詞口札.照應(yīng):照注意的仃如下幾點(diǎn)： 用and連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)一般應(yīng)視為復(fù)數(shù),但如一人身兼兩職時(shí)那么要用單數(shù)謂語 動(dòng)詞形式,如： A singer and dancer is coming to our party. a singer and dancer既歌唱又可舞的演員.而 a singer and a dancer那么要譯為：一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家.有些以s結(jié)尾的名詞謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù),如： The news is good news為不可數(shù)名詞. 有量詞時(shí)應(yīng)按量詞的數(shù)量計(jì)算；如： This p

4、air of glasses is good My glasses are broken.有些形單卻意為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞,如： People are coming here這樣的詞還有Police ,如果要講一個(gè)警察時(shí),應(yīng)講a policeman .兩個(gè)警察為two policemen .又如apolicewoman, two policewomen 所有不定代詞 each , either , neither , one , the other , nobody , nothing , anyone , anything , someone, something 要作為 單數(shù)如：Someone i

5、s waiting for you匚殳小聯(lián)合入雜的連同有：and notonly but also , neither nor , either or 如：My sister and my parents are going to the cinema. 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并歹U連詞有：but 和 yet , 如：She is a goodstudent, but she didn't pass the final exam.又如：I think the news is strange,yet it is true表示選擇關(guān)系的連詞有：or, either or , 如： Hurry up

6、, or you文檔僅供參考文檔僅供參考will be late for school表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞有：for , so 如：They studiedvery hard , so they all passed the exam仁初C花葭復(fù)I中要仃.狀用羲i J和其語從句(名詞性從句)兩種,而定語從句(形容詞性從句)要在高中講述,為了使同學(xué)閱讀文章 方便,我們將在下面另一章予以介紹.我們首先來看賓語從句.在及物動(dòng)詞的后面可以 接一個(gè)名詞來充當(dāng)賓語,如：I knew the man,而這時(shí)也可以用一個(gè)句子來充當(dāng)賓語,如：I knew that he was a good man這時(shí)賓語從

7、句的連接詞有that, (that 只在從句中起聯(lián)接作用,不在句中充當(dāng)語法成分,既不是主語也不是賓語,所以在口語中常常被省略. 如：I am sure (that) she has passed the exam if, whether它們在賓語從句中只起連接作用,不起語法作用,當(dāng)作是否講.從句中有or not結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),要用whether,如：I ask him if (whether) he has had his lunchI asks him whether he has had his lunchor not what它在賓語從句中除了作連接詞外,還要作主語或賓語成份,如：Idon

8、9;t understand what you said(what 作 said 的賓語). 又如： I asked him whatmade him sick (what在賓語從句中作主語 ). who,它也和 what一樣,在句中除作連接詞外,可以充當(dāng)句中的成份,如：I know whoshe is looking for? whose如：I wantto know whose book this is? which 如： Do you know which book is mine? 斤il?接詞中還有 4個(gè)常用的連接副詞, how它的應(yīng)用最廣,如： how much, how many

9、, how long, how soon, how old .如： How much does it cost? when 它只是連接時(shí)間 狀語,如： Please tell me when the meeting will begin? where 它連接地點(diǎn)狀語,如： Where are you from? why它要連接的是原因狀語從句,如： The teacher asked why Tom didn't come to school. 注寫漢中.甲,倒.舊-營點(diǎn)/乙二不,.乩、'U'J肘態(tài)與： J時(shí)態(tài)的照應(yīng)問題. 主句謂語動(dòng)詞如果是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí),賓語從句的時(shí)

10、態(tài)可以是任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài), 如：I know he didn't come.我知道他沒來.I know he will come tomorrow我知道他明天來.I know he has gone to London我知道他已去倫敦了. 主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞假設(shè)是過去時(shí),賓語從句也要用過去時(shí)態(tài)中的某一種.比方：一般過去時(shí),過去進(jìn)行時(shí),過去將來時(shí),過去完成時(shí).除了在表達(dá)宇宙中的客觀真理時(shí),不能用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài).如：I wanted to know when he would come The teacher told methe earth moves around the sun 技詔J 主要

11、有時(shí)h狀語從"I,其道.我汨'：+ after , before , when , as , as soon as , until (till) , while , since , by上"呼發(fā)難噌.小的行以卜.L上 until (till) 直到,在用until表達(dá)時(shí)間狀語的句子中,主句中的動(dòng)詞是要十分小心去選擇.如動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,它要用肯定句,如：I studied hard until 12 o'clock last night.文檔僅供參考文檔僅供參考如果動(dòng)詞是瞬間截止性動(dòng)詞,那么要用否認(rèn)句,如： He didn't go to bed u

12、ntil his mother cameback 由 since , for , by , before 來引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句.since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語是動(dòng)作的開始時(shí)間,如：I have studied English since 19 9 0 而由by引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語通常是動(dòng)作的結(jié)束時(shí)間,如： I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term 而before 那么多用于完成時(shí),ago 那么多用于一般過去時(shí),如： He hadfinished his work before twelve yesterday I left my hom

13、etown two years ago 在狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)表示將來. 它們可能是主句用一般將來時(shí), 從句用 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),如： If it rains, they won't go to the parkon Sunday 也可以主句是一般過去時(shí),從句用一般過去進(jìn)行時(shí),如： He said if it rained the next day he would not go to the park測試中常見的考點(diǎn)有：要學(xué)生區(qū)別是條件、時(shí)間狀語從句還是賓語從句,因在賓語從句中該用什么時(shí)態(tài)用什么時(shí)態(tài),如：I want to know if he will comehereto

14、morrow在賓語從句中的條件狀語從句與主句的關(guān)系,如： I want to know if it rainshe will come here tomorrow在此因狀語從句十主要是 because ,應(yīng)譯為"由于".它表達(dá)的因果關(guān)系最強(qiáng),如： He didn't pass the exam because he didn't study hard since 應(yīng)譯為"既然",如： Since you were ill yesterdayI left some noteson your desk as 應(yīng)譯為"由于"

15、,如： As it is too hot we'd better go swimmingsince 與as所表達(dá)的因果關(guān)系遠(yuǎn)比because弱得多.而for表達(dá)的因果關(guān)系最弱.它不能用于句首,如： He studies hard, for he wants to go to college在比擬狀語從句中有同級比擬 asas , 如：This book is as good as that one要注意的有兩點(diǎn)： asas中間要用原級而不是比擬級. 用形容詞還是副詞,如： Mary writes as carefullyas Tom 而其否認(rèn)句為not as soas, 如： They

16、 didn'tworkso hard as we did,而不同級比擬用比擬級加than, 如：He isyounger than I am 要注意的是表示"越來越"這一概念時(shí)有兩個(gè)句型：比擬級+ and +比擬級,如：The daysare getting longer and longer The little girl is becoming more and more beautiful 定冠詞 the + 比擬級+ the + 比擬級,如： The harder you study, the more you can learn方一式聯(lián)語中芟注意的是as

17、連詞與like 介詞的區(qū)別.as作為連詞其后接從句,如：Please do it as I did it但后面的句子常作省略,如： Pleasedo it as I 而like 是介詞,其后要接的是賓語,如： Please do it like me結(jié)果和目的狀語從句主要有sothat , so that , in order that等幾種用法. sothat 用在框數(shù)可數(shù)%向前, so + 形容詞 + a + 名詞 + that ,如：She is so文檔僅供參考文檔僅供參考beautiful a girl that everyone likes her或用 such + a + 形容詞

18、 + 名詞 +that, 如： She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes her 在不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前只能用 such , 如：It is such good weather we want to go fora picnic 又如： They are such good players that they should win the game.在 much, many, few , little之前只能用 so, 如：I have so little moneythat I can'tbuy it sothat 之間只

19、有形容詞時(shí),那么不能用 such , 如：It is so good thatI want to buy so that 其后接從句,如： I got up earlier so that I could catch the first bus二正誤辨析誤 The stories in that book was written many years ago正 The stories in that book were written many years ago.析作主語的名詞、代詞或不定式、動(dòng)名詞,它們往往要帶有修飾詞,這些詞可能是形容詞,也可能是短語,但謂語動(dòng)詞還是要取決于這個(gè)主語的數(shù),

20、要記住的是一個(gè)名詞不可能在同一句中作兩個(gè)不同的語法成份,如： book作了 of的介詞賓語那么不可能再作主語了.誤 To read many books are good for you正 To read many books is good for you析不定式作主語應(yīng)該看作單數(shù)主語.誤 What he said are right正 What he said is right析從句作主語一定要按單數(shù)主語看待.正 The rich is not always happy誤 The rich are not always happy析形容詞+定冠詞表示一類人,謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù),如：The y

21、oung are very interestedin study and sports誤 The school master and writer are coming正 The school master and writer is coming析 本句應(yīng)譯為： 校長兼作家就要來了. 而 The school master and the writer are coming那么要譯為：校長和一個(gè)作家要來了.在英語表達(dá)法中確實(shí)有The girl and boy areplaying on the grass這應(yīng)譯為：一個(gè)女孩,一個(gè)男孩在操場上玩.由于不可能這樣兩文檔僅供參考文檔僅供參考個(gè)概念作

22、用在一個(gè)人身上.又如： the husband and wife 夫妻：人.誤 You or she go to get some water for us正 You or she goes to get some water for us析 由or連接的兩個(gè)主語應(yīng)以離謂語動(dòng)詞近的那一個(gè)計(jì)算其數(shù).這樣的用法還有either or , neither nor , not only but also也有人稱作"就近原那么"：誤 The teacher with a lot of students come into the classroom正 The teacher with

23、 a lot of students comes into the classroom析真正的主語是the teacher ,而with 忘語是伴朋狀態(tài),不影響主語的數(shù)0誤 My glasses is broken正 My glasses are broken誤 This pair of glasses are good正 This pair of glasses is good誤 These kinds of butter is good.正 These kinds of butter are good析 英語中有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,如： glasses 眼鏡,shorts短褲等.如沒有量詞

24、在前時(shí),要用復(fù)數(shù)謂肝動(dòng)聞,但有了量詞之后虹要按旦同的單復(fù)數(shù)目算C誤 One of the boys are going to take part in the match正 One of the boys is going to take part in the match析One of結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)以one來計(jì)算主語的數(shù).誤 Half of the work are done正 Half of the work is done誤 Half of the books is read正 Half of the books are read析在小于1的數(shù)量詞作主語時(shí),如： 2 3 , 8 0 %, 0.

25、3 5+ of +名詞,這時(shí)主語的數(shù)應(yīng)按 of后面的名詞計(jì)算.如果名詞是不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),那么謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù),如名詞是復(fù)數(shù)那么要用復(fù)數(shù)匯話動(dòng)詞.誤 Each sides are full of trees正 Each side is full of trees誤Both side is full of trees正 Both sides are full of trees文檔僅供參考文檔僅供參考析each , either其后都要加單數(shù)名詞,而both 后要加復(fù)數(shù)名詞. 如：each , either ,another , little , a little , much牛作士詔時(shí),

26、二用助同人瑋工用單數(shù)W式.誤 The boys each has an apple正 The boys each have an apple析eachI； 1性詔方,不析l可J J子的T1A誤 Everyone of us has a ticket for the concert正 Every one of us has a ticket for the concert析everyone , someone, everybody 在作主語時(shí)者B不水平口 of 結(jié)構(gòu).誤 Girls like dancing very much, but few likes playing football正 G

27、irls like dancing very much, but few like playing football析few雖然含意上是"幾乎沒有",但作主語時(shí)仍變當(dāng)作更數(shù).誤 The number of the workers in that factory are two hundred正 The number of the workers in that factory is two hundred析the number of意為：某某的數(shù)字是 如：the number of students 學(xué)生人數(shù),the number of players 運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)人數(shù).不管數(shù)字

28、如何都應(yīng)看作單數(shù).而 a number of與many 意思相同,其后加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式.如：A number of students areplaying on the grass誤 The rest of the students is here正 The rest of the students are here誤 The rest of the work are done正 The rest of the work is done析the rest of的用法與2/3, 一半,8 0%+ of的結(jié)構(gòu)一致,of后面為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞,為不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)

29、時(shí)用單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞.這樣用法還有 lots of , a lot of , plenty of J誤 The news in today's newspaper are not bad正 The news in today's newspaper is not bad析有些以s結(jié)尾的名詞要用作不可數(shù)名詞,它們是：news, physics , mathematics ,thanks ,川誤 The Chinese is kind and friendly正 The Chinese are kind and friendly文檔僅供參考文檔僅供參考析Chinese作為中文來講是單數(shù)

30、名詞,但作為中國人講是單復(fù)同形的名詞.如：oneChinese , two Chinese 而 The Chinese = The people of China要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞.誤 This dictionary is too expensive for meTen dollars are a big sum for me正 This dictionary is too expensive for meTen dollars is a big sum for me析表示一及肘詞.一蒞金錢.一析山瓦押一看作可數(shù)符記.誤 Who are going to take part in our foo

31、tball match?正 Who is going to take part in our football match?析用who提問時(shí),習(xí)慣上用單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞,但which那么要視其情況而定,如：which are better these shoeses or those shoes?又如： which is better this one or thatone?誤 What a hot weather it is!誤 How hot the weather it is!正 What hot weather it is!正 How hot the weather is!析感慨句是用來表達(dá)

32、說話人的喜怒哀樂的感情.它由what與how作句子的開始,判定是用what還是用how的最好方法是將它們換為陳述句,比方： What the hot weather it is!應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)換為：It is the hot weather那么句子的起點(diǎn)是單詞it . 再來看感慨句中it前有不可數(shù)名詞 weather ,那么只能用what.再看第二句 How hot the weather is!轉(zhuǎn)為陳述句時(shí)為： The weather is hot這時(shí)甸干丫開始單詞為the weather , 再來看感慨句在the weather前只有形容詞,所以應(yīng)用how. 至于是用what a還是what要看名詞

33、的具體情況而定,單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞加what a其余的加用what ：誤 We have to sing this, have we?誤 We have to sing this, haven't we?正 We have to sing this, don't we?析在反意疑問句中除了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的一些常規(guī)外,有一些例外：Let's go home , shall we?Let us go home , will you?She had to leave , didn't she?Do your homework at once , will you?There is n

34、ot much good news in today's newspaper, is there?文檔僅供參考文檔僅供參考Neither of them are right , are they?I think he will come to the party won't he?think 后的賓語從句,與其他賓語從句不一樣,在初中只有這樣一個(gè)較特殊的詞.這樣的句子的反意疑問句的主語要用賓語從句中的主語,其助動(dòng)詞要用賓語從句的助動(dòng)詞,而肯定還是否認(rèn)要看主句謂語動(dòng)詞而定,如：I don't think he is coming to our party, is he?誤

35、 I want to know where does he live正 I want to know where he lives析 賓語從句中一律要用陳述語序,而不,用疑問語序.誤 -I haven't got a ticket for the football match-Nor I have正 -I haven't got a ticket for the football match-Nor (Neither) have I析nor , neither用在簡答否認(rèn)句中時(shí)要采用倒裝語序.在肯定句的簡答句中那么要用so, 如：I do my homework very qu

36、ickly , So does Mary誤 Look! Here the bus comes!正 Look! Here comes the bus!誤 Look! Here comes he!正 Look! Here he comes析 在there , here打頭的句子中,如果主語是名詞,那么要采用倒裝語序；如果是人 稱代譏那么用一般語序.誤 Do you want Mary to go to the cinema with us?No, I don't hope so正 Do you want Mary to go to the cinema with us?No, I hope

37、 not析我不這樣想,可用 I don't think so 但hope的否認(rèn)簡答句只能用 I hope not 這是習(xí)慣用法.但這兩個(gè)詞的肯定簡答句形是一樣的,如： I think so. I hope so誤 That is difficult for us to learn English well正 It is difficult for us to learn English well文檔僅供參考文檔僅供參考析It這里的語法作用是形式主語,而真正的主語是后面的不定式.形式主語和形式賓語都要用 it 而不能用 that , 如：I think it difficult to l

38、earn English wellit在這句中是think日用式工i上1 There三例題解析a pencil box on the desk A .is B. are C. has D. have答案1 A.析There be句形中的be動(dòng)詞要看其后面離它最近的名詞而定,如： There are two books and a pencil on the desk 但去口可以講 There is a pencil and two books on the desk2 Could you tell me ?AMrs King where lives Bwhere does Mrs King l

39、iveCwhere Mrs King lives DMrs King lives where答案1 C.析其帝從句小的證詞句也除述工!工didn't hecame為過去時(shí)態(tài),所以應(yīng)用3 Your brother came to see youA does he B doesn't he C did he D答案1 D.析 前句是肯定句,后面反意疑問句要用否認(rèn)句,同時(shí)didn't he4 It's getting cloudyA does' it B doesn't it Cis it Disn't it答案1D.析 要區(qū)分's 是

40、has 還是is , 這里由getting 得出's 是is :5 keep me waiting so long IA Not B Won't C Don't D Not to答案1 C.析Don't +動(dòng)詞原形為祈始的否認(rèn)句.6 Mr Green hasn't been to Beijing,has he Bhasn't he Cdid he Ddidn't he文檔僅供參考文檔僅供參考答案1A.析此句has是比動(dòng)詞與過去分詞均成現(xiàn)在克成時(shí)態(tài).7 You have your lunch at school, ?A have you B

41、 haven't you C do you D don't you答案1D.析 這里的have是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞"吃",而不是助動(dòng)詞.8 sunny day! Let's go out for a walk|A How a B How C What a D What答案1C.析 這個(gè)感慨句是個(gè)省略句,其真實(shí)的句子應(yīng)為What a sunny day it is!9 - Can you tell me ?- Sure She's a nurseA where is your sister Bwhere your sister isC what is y

42、our sister Dwhat your sister is答案1D.析who 問的是姓名,如： Who is he? He is Smith 或 He is my fatherWhat 問的是職業(yè),如：What is he? He is a teacher10 John likes listening to the radio, ?A does he B doesn't he C doesn't John D does Johe答案1B.析當(dāng)華士用時(shí),反.意疑問工應(yīng)用陵i工11 Neither you nor I on the team |A are B were C am

43、 D is答案1C.析由neither nor作連接詞作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞要與相臨近的那個(gè)主語相呼應(yīng).12 delicious food! I'd like some more|A what a B How a C What D How答案1C.析因food 為不數(shù)名詞口13 there a cat under the chair?文檔僅供參考文檔僅供參考A Are B Is C Has D Have答案1 B.析這是there be ffj型的疑問甸.14 Could you tell me ?A when the train will arrive Bwhen the train

44、arrivedC when did the train arrive Dwhen does the train arrives答案1 A.析could用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)疑問句表達(dá)了口氣的委婉,并不是過去時(shí)態(tài).且賓語從句要用陳述語句.15 - bad weather!-Yes , But it's going to be fine soon, I thinkAHow BWhat a CWhat an D What答案1 D.析weather為不口:魏北:同口16 - Could you tell me ?-Yes , They to the libraryAwhere are the twins

45、, have beenBwhere were the twins, have beenCwhere the twins are, have goneDwhere the twins were, have gone答案1 C.析have been to是去過什么地方,而現(xiàn)在回來了.have gone to是到某地去了,人期在不在這里,17 Go and the TV quickly The volleyball match will begin right awaylA turn off B turn down C turn up D turn on答案1 D.析 這是個(gè)祈使句,它由 and連接

46、兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞.注意詞組搭配的不同含義.18 Let's go for some tea , ?A shall we B will we C do we D don't we答案1 A.文檔僅供參考文檔僅供參考析Let's go ,shall we? Let us go ,will you?這是兩個(gè)特殊的反意疑問句.19 Joan's short , ?A wasn't she B hasn't she C isn't she D doesn't she答案1 C.析 在此句中應(yīng)視's為is ,而不是has或was：20 I d

47、on't know to read the word |A which B what C whose D how答案1D.析因不定式to read中的read 是及物動(dòng)詞,已有自己的賓語the word, 所以應(yīng)用疑問副詞how :21 He didn't go to school , he was ill |A for B but C and D so答案1A.析 這里是表示因果的關(guān)系,從句表示原因,所以用 for ,放于句尾,且常常前面有一個(gè)逗號.so引起的是結(jié)果狀語從句,如： He was only twelve , so he couldn't join the

48、 army22 The young woman can hardly ride a bike , she?A doesn't B does C can't D can答案1D.析hardly為否"漏,所以正.我此句方否認(rèn)反.江凌1nHl,應(yīng)用年定征23 Tom never goes to the cinema on Sundays , ?A does he B doesn't he C isn't he D is he答案1 A.析never也是否認(rèn)耳,以底:樣門干片作否認(rèn)向二24 Mother said to him , "Don'

49、t on football ."Aspend too much time Bto spend too much timeCspend too many time Dto spend too many time答案1 A.析time 作為"時(shí)間"講為不可數(shù)名詞,應(yīng)用 much來修飾.當(dāng)作"次數(shù)"講是可數(shù)名詞, 如three times 三次,而 Don't 這一句是祈使句的否是甸口文檔僅供參考文檔僅供參考25 Mr White , together with some Japanese friends , visit our school

50、 this afternoon |A are going to Bis going to Chave D has答案1 B.析句子的主語是 Mr White ,而together with 是伴隨狀況,不影響句子的主 ii'ri-26 There is little water in the glass, ?A is it B is there C isn't it Disn't there答案1 B.析這是there be 句型的反意踵問彳iL27 Ampere was thinking about a maths problem , ?A didn't he B wasn't he C did he D is he答案1 B.析這3由1時(shí)態(tài)的反百Q(mào)問甸.28 She had a good time yesterday , she ?A wasn't B didn't C hasn't D isn&#