高考定語(yǔ)從句復(fù)習(xí)

1、定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞關(guān) 系 代 詞例 句 That在從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)指物Its a question that needs careful consideration.The house (that) they built in 1990 stayed up in the earthquake.指人The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Toms sisterWhich在從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)指物They needed a plant which didnt need as much water as rice.The farm (which) we vis

2、ited yesterday is located in the suburb of Beijing.Who, whom在從句中分別作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)指人He is the man who wants to see you. 作主語(yǔ)The man to whom you spoke was a scientist. 作賓語(yǔ)Whose在從句中作定語(yǔ)指人或物Edison is a great inventor whose fame is world-wide.Please pass me the book whosecover（=of which the cover/the cover of which

3、）is green. 注意：當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省略。關(guān) 系 副 詞例 句When 指時(shí)間The day came at last when I went to college.Where指地點(diǎn)I visited the school where I studied when I was a child.Why指原因The reason why he failed in the race is that he fell on to the ground. 注意：關(guān)系副詞里面沒(méi)有how。四、定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)：考點(diǎn)一：that和which的選擇(1) that指物時(shí)一般可以與which互換

4、，但在下列情況引導(dǎo)詞只用that，不用which。當(dāng)先行詞為all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代詞時(shí)，如：a. All _ can be done has been done. b. I am sure she has something (_) you can borrow. 先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, few, much, the only, the very, the last, 修飾時(shí)：Ive read all the boo

5、ks (_) you gave me.先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或被它們修飾時(shí)。This is the best _ has been used against pollution.This is the first composition (_) he has written in English.當(dāng)有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時(shí)，這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句要用that而不用who (whom)和which引導(dǎo)。如：He talked about the teachers and schools （_） he had visited.先行詞是疑問(wèn)詞who, which, what 時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句

6、用that而不用who, (whom)和which引導(dǎo)a. Who is the person_ is standing at the gate?b. Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this?c. What that is on the table belongs to me?當(dāng)先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ)，而關(guān)系代詞在從句中也作表語(yǔ)時(shí),China is no longer the country _ it used to be. (2) 只用which的情況在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，只用which, 不用that

7、. The weather turned out to be good, _ was more than we could expect.當(dāng)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中的介詞提前時(shí)，只用which，不用that.This is the house in_ Lu Xun once lived.考點(diǎn)二：as與which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1. 在句型the sameas,suchas，asas, soas中，定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞一般用as。(1) Such books _ you tell me are interesting.(2).This is the same book_ I lent you yesterday.(3

8、)Here is so big a stone _ no man can lift.2. 先行詞是主句的整個(gè)內(nèi)容，如果定語(yǔ)放主句后，即可用as也可用which引導(dǎo). (1)He failed in the exam, _ (=which) is natural. (2)She seems a scientist, _ (=which) in fact she is. (3)Grammar is not a dead rule, which (=as) I have said before.3. 如果從句在主句前，這時(shí)要用as而不用which引導(dǎo) 。如：_ is known to everybo

9、dy, the moon travels round the earth once every month.=The moon travels round the earth once every month, as is known to everybody.=It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.(主語(yǔ)從句)=What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every mo

10、nth.（表語(yǔ)從句）4.as代表前面主句意思時(shí)，有“正如”之意，而which沒(méi)有此意思，從句中的動(dòng)詞常是expect, know, see, think, want, suppose等。（1）He won the match, _ we had expected. （2） He agreed to the plan, _ was to be expected. （3）The police were looking for him, _ he thought.5. as在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面常接行為動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如be known，be said，be reported等，如從句中行為動(dòng)詞是主

11、動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般要用which作主語(yǔ)。(1)She has been late again, _ was expected.(2)Tom has made great progress, _ made us happy.6. 當(dāng)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)是一個(gè)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)， 只能用which引導(dǎo)。Betty always tells a lie, _ her parents find strange.7. 當(dāng)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句為否定句時(shí)，常用which引導(dǎo)。Mr. Smith usually praises his student Rose in public, _ she doesnt like at

12、all.考點(diǎn)三: 如何判定用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選用，應(yīng)看引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)什么成分；1）若作狀語(yǔ), 就用where, when, why等關(guān)系副詞2）若作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系代詞who/that/which、 whom/which、 whose等。3）當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中缺少先行詞時(shí)，應(yīng)加補(bǔ)先行詞the one;（1）a. The reason_ he missed the speech is that he forgot the time. b. The reason (_) he gave us sounded reasonable. （2）a. Ill neve

13、r forget the days (_) we spent together in Paris. b. Ill remember the day _ we stayed together. （3）a. Is this the factory (_) we visited last year? b. Is this the house _ Lincoln once lived? c. Is this house the one (_) we visited last year? 考點(diǎn)四：關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定 1.根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系。e.g. Is that the newspap

14、er_ you often write articles?2. 根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配，如：e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms _ Im not sure.3. 根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣，請(qǐng)?bào)w會(huì)：e.g. 1949 was the year _the P.R.C. was founded.4.非限制性定與從句中，要表示先行詞的一部分時(shí)，可用“數(shù)詞/代詞 + of + 關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，如：e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two- thirds _ have been

15、to Beijing.5. Whose從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為“ of +關(guān)系代詞”型，如：e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.=They lived in a house, _ the door opens to the south.=They lived in a house, the door_ opens to the south.6.關(guān)系副詞when, where, why可以用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~+which來(lái)替代。如：when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for + w

16、hich介詞的位置非常靈活，有時(shí)放在關(guān)系代詞之前，有時(shí)放在動(dòng)詞之后。1). I wont forget the date when(_) I was born. 2). This is the room where (_ I lived. = This is the room which I lived in. 3). I dont know the reason why (_) he havent come today. 4). Tom still remembers the days when (_) they lived in Tianjin. 考點(diǎn)五：定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式當(dāng)

17、定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱(chēng)、數(shù)的方面應(yīng)該與先行詞保持一致.1.The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that attract lots of visitors.2. The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.3. I, who am your teacher, will try my best to help you.考點(diǎn)六：way 和time后接定語(yǔ)從句的情

18、況：1. 當(dāng)先行詞是way，且意為“方式、方法”時(shí)且關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有下列三種形式。如： （04湖北）What surprised me was not what he said but the way (in which/that/不填) he said it.注意：下面兩個(gè)句子中的關(guān)系詞的不同，試比較：The way (that/ which/不填) he explained to us was quite simple.他向我們解析的那種方法很簡(jiǎn)單。The way (that/in which/不填) he explained the sentence to

19、us was difficult to learn.他向我們解析句子的那種方法很難學(xué)到。2. 當(dāng)先行詞是time時(shí)，若time做“次數(shù)”講，關(guān)系詞應(yīng)用that，且可以省略。如time做“一段時(shí)間”講，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when或介詞at/during + which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。I couldnt hardly remember how many times (that) I have failed.This was at a time when/during which there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets.考點(diǎn)七：先行詞是表示抽象時(shí)間

20、和抽象地點(diǎn)概念的定語(yǔ)從句 1. 當(dāng)先行詞是case、point 、situation 、condition 、position 、stage 、activity、job、sport、career 等表示抽象地點(diǎn)、地步、環(huán)境、形勢(shì)等含義的名詞時(shí)，我們常使用關(guān)系副詞where 。(1)We are just trying to reach a point_both sides will sit down together and talk. (2) Footy, which is short for Australian rules football, is a mix of soccer and

21、 rugby, a sport _ players hold the ball and run with it. 2. 當(dāng)先行詞為occasion時(shí)，我們通常使用關(guān)系副詞when Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.考點(diǎn)八：定語(yǔ)從句與其他句型的區(qū)別1. 定語(yǔ)從句與并列句的區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句與并列句的主要區(qū)別為：定語(yǔ)從句一般都是用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引起，而并列句用but，so，and等表示轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、并列關(guān)系的連詞或分號(hào)連接。例如：They put forward a lot of plan

22、s at the meeting, none of_ were carried out in their work.They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of_ were carried out in their work.2. 定語(yǔ)從句與狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別(1) where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí), 前面一定要有表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞, where是關(guān)系副詞, 在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。where引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí), where是從屬連詞, where引導(dǎo)的從句修飾主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞, where前面沒(méi)有表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞。例如: a. After l

23、iving in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child. b. You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again. (2). when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí), 前面一定要有表示時(shí)間的先行詞, when是關(guān)系副詞, 在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)a. We are living in an age when many things are done on computer.b. The student

24、s all stopped talking, when they heard the teachers footsteps ,3. 定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別1）從句所修飾詞的不同。同位語(yǔ)從句所修飾詞通常是少數(shù)一些表示抽象意義的名詞，如belief , doubt , fact , hope , idea , news , possibility , thought , order , suggestion , wish , answer , information , conclusion , decision , discovery , knowledge , law , opinion

25、, problem , promise , proof , question , report , truth , risk 等。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞可以指人、物等。例如： (1) He has told us a fact that drinking too much does harm to our health. (_) (2) We have no idea that her mother was a professor ten years ago. (_) (3) This is the book that I bought yesterday.（_） 2）連接詞的作用不同。連接同位語(yǔ)從

26、句的that只起連接作用，不在從句中擔(dān)任任何句子成分。whether 和 how 可以引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，但不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞除了連接從句的作用外，還在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分，常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞有that , which , who , whose , whom , when , where , why , as 等。 3) 從句作用的不同。定語(yǔ)從句具有形容詞或副詞的特點(diǎn)，對(duì)先行詞起修飾、限定作用，描述先行詞的性質(zhì)或特征，與先行詞之間是所屬關(guān)系。同位語(yǔ)從句具有名詞的特點(diǎn)，對(duì)中心詞作進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充解釋?zhuān)侵行脑~的具體內(nèi)容。例如： (1) The man that you s

27、aw just now is my bother. (_ ) （2）The suggestion that the meeting be put off proved right.（_ ） (3) The suggestion that he had made is that the meeting be put off.（_）4. 定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)別1). 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型“ It be +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that /who”是對(duì)某部分加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)氣的連接詞只能是that、 who，而定語(yǔ)從句中的引導(dǎo)詞可以是who、 that 、whom 、when 、where等；強(qiáng)調(diào)句型如果去掉強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)I

28、t was/is.that，原句不缺少任何成分。強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的that是個(gè)虛詞，沒(méi)有實(shí)在意義，只是起著標(biāo)志性的結(jié)構(gòu)作用，一般不能省略。(1) It was in the library that I saw her yesterday. (_ )(2) It is the shop where my sister was robbed by a man with a mask covering his face. (_)(3) It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcast began. (_)(4) It was 1920 when regu

29、lar radio broadcast began. (_) 2) 有些強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，這往往給理解帶來(lái)一定的難度。 (1) It was in the lab that was set up last year that they finished the experiment. （that was set up last year 是定語(yǔ)從句，that在從句中作主語(yǔ)，并可被which替換） (2) It was the students who came from our school that won the first prize in the contest. （who

30、came from our school 是定語(yǔ)從句，who在從句中作主語(yǔ)）練習(xí)一 （2014安徽卷）22The exact year _Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.A. When B. where C. why D. which【舉一反三】Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _ the audience can buy ice-cream.A. when B. where C. that D. which二 （2014北京卷）26. I bo

31、rrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, _ my classmates recommended to me.A.who B. which C. when D. Where【舉一反三】The Science Museum,_we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions.A.which B.what C.that D.where三（2014福建卷）31. Students should involve th

32、emselves in community activities they can gain experience for growth. A. who B. when C. which D. where【舉一反三】Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity sight matters more than hearing.A. when B.whose C.which D.where四（2014湖南卷）31.I am looking forward to the day _ my daughter can re

33、ad this book and know my feelings for her.A. as B. why C. when D. where 【舉一反三】Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _ the audience can buy ice-cream.A. when B. where C. that D. which五（2014江蘇卷）22. The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work_ a good impr

34、ession is a must.A. which B. when C. as D. where【舉一反三】Its helpful to put children in a situation_they can see themselves differently.A. that B. when C. which D. where 六（2014江西卷）28. Among the many dangers_ sailors have to face , probably the greatest of all is fog .A. which B. what C. where D. when 【

35、舉一反三】That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A. that B. which C. what D. when七（2014山東卷）10. A company _profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. A. which B. whose C. who D. why 【舉一反三】The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the

36、most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what八（2014陜西卷）13. Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position.A. that B. which C. as D. what【舉一反三】The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other. A. they B. where C. what D. that九（2

37、014陜西卷）15. _ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.A. Why B. When C. That D. What 【舉一反三】Scientists study _ human brains work to make computers.A. when B. how C. that D. whether十（2014四川卷）4. I now, we have raised 50.000 pounds for the poor children. _ is quite unexpected.A. that

38、 B. which C. who D. it【舉一反三】Tom came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which十一（2014天津卷）12. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, _ uses it differently.A. all of which B. each of which C. a

39、ll of them D. each of them【舉一反三】It is reported that two schools, are being built in my hometown, will open next year.A.they both B.which both C.both of them D.both of which十二（2014浙江卷 ）5. I dont become a serious climber until the fifth grade, _ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branche

40、s of a tree. A. when B. where C. which D. why【舉一反三】Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _ the audience can buy ice-cream.A. when B. where C. that D. which 十三（2014重慶卷 ）9.Well reach the sales targets in a month_we set at at the beginning of the year.A. Which B.where C. when D.what【舉一反三

41、】English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _ uses it somewhat differently. A. which B. what C. them D. those寫(xiě)作1. 有什么我可以為你做的么？ _ 2. 不要讀那些你看不懂的書(shū)。 _ 3. 我永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)忘記我們?cè)诟咧袑W(xué)習(xí)的那段時(shí)光。 _ 4. 不努力學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生不會(huì)通過(guò)考試的。 _ 5. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。 _ 6. 這是我們上個(gè)月買(mǎi)的那幢房子。 _ 7. 這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個(gè)月買(mǎi)的。 _ 8. 你們已經(jīng)取得了很大的進(jìn)步(pro

42、gress)，這使老師非常高興. _ 9. 眾所周知，吸煙損害(do harm to/ be harmful to)健康。 _ 10. 這本小說(shuō)很動(dòng)人(touching/ moving)，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。 _ 11. 北京是中國(guó)的首都，它是一座美麗的城市。 _ 12. 中國(guó)位于亞洲東部，是世界上最大的國(guó)家之一。 _ 13. 北京是中國(guó)的首都，有1200多萬(wàn)人口。 _ 14. 吳川位于廣東省西南部，面積約860平方公里square kilometres，人口超過(guò)100 萬(wàn)。 _ _ 15. Ken是我的同學(xué)，今年17歲。 _ 16. 他學(xué)習(xí)很努力，老師和學(xué)生們都很喜歡他。 _ 17. 周星馳St

43、ephen Chow，1962年6月22日出生于香港，是家中唯一一個(gè)男孩， 從小跟著他的三個(gè)姐姐在上海長(zhǎng)大。 _ _ 18. 費(fèi)孝通，我國(guó)著名的社會(huì)學(xué)家（sociologist）和社會(huì)活動(dòng)家（social activist）， 1910年11月2日生于一個(gè)富裕家庭。 單選1，DA 2，BA 3，DD 4，CA 5，DD6，AB 7，BC 8，AD 9，BB 10，BD11，BD 12，AA 13，AA英譯漢參考答案 1. Is there anything that I can do for you? 2. Dont read the books that you cant understand. 3. Ill never forget the days when I studied in senior school 4. The students who dont study hard will not pass the exam. 5. His father died in the year when he was born. 6. This is the house which we bought last month. 7. The hou