材料科學(xué)與基礎(chǔ)英文詞匯

1、材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)重要概念中英文)晶體學(xué)基礎(chǔ)搐體學(xué)(crystalk)護(hù)phy)晶體生成學(xué)Ccrystallocny)制休結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)(crytallogy)晶休化學(xué)(crysUillodK：mibtry 晶休結(jié)構(gòu)(crystalstructure)點(diǎn)陣平移矢址(lattice transkihonvector )初級(jí) 3 胞(primitive cell 點(diǎn)陣常數(shù)(LmiccpanrmctcT)對(duì)稱變換同素開(kāi)構(gòu)性(allotTopy )多形性(polymorphism)有序向溶休(超結(jié)構(gòu))ordered solid solution準(zhǔn)晶C quasicrjrs.tal)(siqxrr lattice)影

2、羅斯拼砌C Penrose tiling)長(zhǎng)程有序參數(shù)(long-range order paiamctcr)短程有序參數(shù)(hot-ningc order paranictcr)晶體缺陷向錯(cuò)(disclination)沃竹拉過(guò)程(VbltciTat process)刃型位錯(cuò)(edge dislocation )嫖型位tft(HUTCHdklocation)混合型位錯(cuò)(mixed diskKatiori)柏氏冋路(Burgers circuit)柏氏矢甘 Burgers vector)位錯(cuò)環(huán)(dislocation loop)位錯(cuò)密度 dislocation density)位錨的弾性能clas

3、tic energy of dislocation)位錯(cuò)線張力(tension ofdislocation)不完整性(imperfection)點(diǎn)缺陷(pointimpcrffcclibn 空位(vacancy)白聞隙原子(glEintcrstitial)構(gòu)型愴(configuration entropy)肖脫抿缺陷CSchottkydefect)列蘭克缺陷(Frenkeldefect)內(nèi)臬點(diǎn)缺陷(intrinsic x)intdefect)鹽點(diǎn)缺陷(extrinsic pointdefect)線缺陷f line irnpcrfccti on )位錯(cuò)(dislocation)擴(kuò)散不Tif逆過(guò)程

4、(irreversible process )擴(kuò)散(diflusion)唯系數(shù)(phenomenological coefficient)擠列結(jié)構(gòu)(crowdion configuration)空位機(jī)制(vacancymechanism)擴(kuò)散流呈(flux)丈驗(yàn)參考系(laborator)* reference frame)菲克第一定律(Fitks first law)擴(kuò)散系數(shù)(dHhision coc州cicnt)互擴(kuò)fii系數(shù)(mutual diffusion coefficient)穩(wěn)態(tài)擴(kuò)散(steady state diiYuHion )Matano平向(Matano interfac

5、e)同位素(isotope)巾散傅(diffusioncouple)傳質(zhì)過(guò)程(max% tnnwpoTt)擴(kuò)散距離(diffusion distance)間隙機(jī)制(interstitialmechanism)冊(cè)鈴結(jié)構(gòu)點(diǎn)陣參考系(latticereference frame)乍克第.定律(Ficks secondlaw)臬性擴(kuò)敗系數(shù)(intrinsic diffiwion ccxjflicicnt)自擴(kuò)散系數(shù)“clfkiifftision coefficient) Kirkendall效應(yīng)(Kirkendalliflbct)熱力學(xué)1*1子(thermodynamicfactor)示蹤物(trac

6、er)淚差函數(shù)(cnor functiQii)位倂宦度(width of dislocation)保守運(yùn)動(dòng)(conservativemotion) II保庁運(yùn)動(dòng)nonconscrvatiYC motion)滑移($lip)滑動(dòng)(曲*8)學(xué)移(climb 自力(self-force)潘透力(osmotic force)映像力image force )彎結(jié)Ckink)割階(jog)柯垂?fàn)枤怏w(Cottrell atmosphere )史諾克氣休Snock atmosphere)弗二克瑞德位錯(cuò)源(Frank .Read .(Hircc) B-H位錨源(Bdixlccn Hcrring source)

7、位錯(cuò)塞積群(dislocation pile-upgroup 全位錯(cuò)(ptrfcct djslocation)堆垛層錨(stacking iault)郡分為濟(jì)或不仝包錯(cuò)(partialdislocation)內(nèi)票層錯(cuò)(intrinsic fault)表lfrl(suHacc energy)品 界(gruin boundary)小HlJ變鼎界Oow angle grain looundary)人ftJ度屈界(high angle grain boundary傾轉(zhuǎn)晶界(tilt boundary扭轉(zhuǎn)晶界(twist boundary)相界(phase boundary)層鉗欠( fault vec

8、tor )外足層錯(cuò)(extrinsic fault)層鉗能(比c king Buit energy )肖克萊部分為錨(Shockley partial disl(K3tion)鈴木氣團(tuán)(S uztikiatmosphere )弗二克位材(Frank partial dislocation)擴(kuò)展位錯(cuò)(extended dislocation) JK桿位梢(stair-rodpartial dislocation) Lomcr-Cottrcll位錯(cuò)(Lcmcr-Cottrcll dislocation)LC|甲塞(L-C Lock)赫斯阻室(Hinhlock)分位鉗Cfractional disl

9、ocation)超點(diǎn)陣(sipcrlatticc)反相畸(Antiphase domain)反相軸界(Antiphase boundaryAPB)超位錯(cuò)(sif)cr*dislocation)弗二克納巴羅I口I路(Frank-Nabano circuit)向錨吋映(discliiutionstrength)條紋織構(gòu)(schliwen texture)適配(match.ng)共格晶界(cDhcTcnt boundary)匕共格晶捽(inmhcrcnt boundary)晶界遷移4*(grainboundary* mobility)取向關(guān)系(orientationrelationship)氣泡(g

10、as bAblc)空洞(void)啞變屋(dummy)有眼差分finite-di ftcrcncc )戻差mmcation errar卜 相關(guān)系L(依擴(kuò)散(vulunKdiffiiAion位錯(cuò)擴(kuò)散dislocationditHiicin) IE移審mobility、 數(shù)值方法(nunvricEil method?收銭性(umYCTMlidifii*hon)包晶凝同t peri tee lie如1 i出:H m Hen 1偏析 *；scgrcgutioii)熔焊 Furtiuu wcldiiig)怏連凝尚(Tapidso-lidilicaitiQnJTDCCSS、JJ皺鑄適oininiKU5；樹(shù)

11、枝狀顯巣偏折(dendritic mierosegKgution)卜平沏tT桿5?律【nniiquilihriiiTn lever rule WIliHtt冷(coiiNlituliutial (iupcrcooling)IE伏組機(jī)(ecllLilflr stnictiirc)沈枝鼎C tccffndary todiitt;)撫支品C printar1tkndri be )材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)名稱與術(shù)語(yǔ)第一章緒論metal:會(huì)屬c&raiiic:陶建poliner:聚合物Hechanzcal properties：力學(xué)ti斗E ElectTied. properties：電性能Compasit

12、es：復(fù)合村斗Semi conductors：半導(dǎo)體BiomateriaLs：生棚材料Therm工tehavior:熱性能Msgwtic prperties；Optical properties：光Processing：加工過(guò)程Structure：組織性能結(jié)構(gòu)PicpeTties：性質(zhì)DEteriarative c bar act eristics：老化Performance:使用性能特性+4品Vi和r (taLiriK segregatiem -麗共晶合金.(hypoeutectic alloy)過(guò)共咼臺(tái)金Chipcrcmcctic alloy)片狀(lamcllai)拄狀Crod-ltkc

13、)扶品荻域culGctic eelony)偽共晶(pscudocuicctit離H共晶(divireuduieclie)激冷區(qū)(chill zone)tt狀晶啟. oohimmaT zone 等軸晶區(qū)(cquiakcil unc)收Sit晶區(qū)(shrinkage c axnty)疏松f pnmsity )匸金愿夬雜4如(iiirti-mclallic inLluJiion)燼池(weld pool)幄合區(qū)(crmpcHtiic region )熱環(huán)1冋區(qū)(hcat-atTtLtcd. zun a )材抖科學(xué)墓站專業(yè)詞匯:第一盍矗依絃梢原子質(zhì)畫(huà)至隹Atomic mass unic arrui原子

14、裁Atomic number康子旻Atomic rvei歡t岌爾總子空爰Eohr atomic modelBonding enrrgr耄侖力CouLombic forceCoralen： bond令子的初荃molecxilir configurdon屯子杓圣dec conic conti guradon負(fù)電釣Eic Gironcgidv zElectropositive基態(tài)Ground state氮鎧Hydrogen bondIonic bondR 位素IsotopeMeullic bond李爾Xole泡*不相容原理Pauli exclusion principle尢圭周期聶Penodic t

15、able原子atom分子molecule分子去molecult freight亂注分子Polar molecule走子皈quanmrr number價(jià)電子val亡nc亡electron拉念華垃van der -xeax$ bond電子軌適e.ectron orbitxspoint groupy.-mmetn- elemencs夕各向亠注atliotxoOv 徐子坦積國(guó)或Atomic packing factor(APF)體心丈方結(jié)構(gòu)body-centered mbic UCCj勺心蘭方結(jié)杓face-centered cubic (FCC)布左格定律bragg s lawcoordiniuon

16、numbercivs tai struemre/crvsul svstem crx-saUinedffracuon中子衍射neutron diffracuon電子衍射electron dffracaon晶界grain boundary六方密堆積hexagonal dose p2cke(HCP)麹林規(guī)則Pauhng s rulesNaCl全鉛利NaCl n-pe stmenireCsCl顯結(jié)構(gòu)Caesium Chloride structure閃髡礦型維構(gòu)Blende-n-pe structure產(chǎn)鋅羅全結(jié)初Wurtzit亡structure全il石至結(jié)初Ruble structur亡螢石星鰭杓

17、Fluorite structure鈣欽礦型純構(gòu)Perovskite-n-pe structure尖屁石圣結(jié)利Spinel type structureSaucuire of silicates島狀鉛杓Island stnicmre鋌狀蛇構(gòu)Cham stmcnire屋狀紀(jì)構(gòu)Laver structureFrame-ork structure滑石talc葉蠟石p*rophyllk亡高嶺石kaolinite石英quartz長(zhǎng)石feldspar麥兔璇石forsterite各向同性的isotropic各傷異注的anisotropy晶格lactic亡磊恪參敢lattice parameters密勒希鼓m

18、iller indices非免磊的noncn*stallin亡多晶的polycr-stalline多磊形polymorphism單晶single crystalunit cell電位election states（化合）價(jià)valence訝科科手總 W 專業(yè)詞匯:第二童衆(zhòng)依結(jié)村按若缺 0defect, imperfectionpoint defect.me defect, disloca口onmteifaze detectvohame defect位錯(cuò)褲列dslociticxi arrangementdisloca口cn lme刃位縉edge dislocadonscrew dislocatio

19、nmixed dilooiuongrxn boundaries尢角袁昂臭higp-angltgranbounchrits小角旻抽界nit boindaiy,nrin boundmes伎錯(cuò)芽列cislocation arrav伐樣氣曰dislccadotl xtmospncrdslocirionIXJSdislccadon cellci$locauon climbdislccadon coalescencecislociuon slip住鈴核心龍屢dislccadon core energr伎錯(cuò)裂紋cislocation era cl:dslc-carion dampingdislocauond

20、ensin-，原于務(wù)住subsduiaon of a wrongatom間芳:原子inrerstiuil 2tom昌格空使vacantlacict sets間諒隹垂inrersunal sitesimpurirics弔倫克爾缺福Frenkel disorder5chotv & s or dir主晶初the Host lamce錯(cuò)位斥子mi$placcc atoms紳合中心Assoaated Centers Sit子Fxee E.cctrcns電子空氏Electron HolesBurger;克羅各明無(wú)仔號(hào)Kroger Vink notation中社怎子neutral atom材料科學(xué)基

21、芒專業(yè)訶匯:弟二女杓塔結(jié)枕榮節(jié)固容第電子tleccrons會(huì)屬鍵me：alLc bonding極性分于oolar moleculesdiffracuon an總亡趁度，晶社大小grain sizephotomicrograph違疔屯子顯戒逐:ransraissionelectronmicroscope TEM:enajonal zocrdmadonnumoti共價(jià)譴co*alenc oondin離子逑Ionic bonding原子自密反atomic planar censin-合金lUovmicro srrEccure$c armingelectronnucroscooe SEM . ub$n

22、cuuonal solid soluuon全禺同化令場(chǎng)irxcimctalics不:比注21津體nmisable soad solutionpenuicuc solid solution有手貝敢體rdrrrd $oHd$OAIDOH無(wú)豐圉濃依disordrted solid solution兇洛至化solid solauon st lengtheningSub$rinuorulsololurion?：!匏幻兇濟(jì)體suoeisarjiated solid solution非 億學(xué)計(jì)畫(huà)化2or：stoichiometn:compound材対瑪學(xué)基總專業(yè)河;匚:第三女骨體此構(gòu)sucuire of m

23、elt辻冷液體sup亡rcoohng melcvitreous ste軟化浬定softening temperaturenscosin-燈東力Surface :ension介穩(wěn)態(tài)過(guò)浪九metastable phiseconsucudon注火cjucnching退矢的soxened玫場(chǎng)分利phase separiuonin passesvolume shrinkage材琳科學(xué)基毛專業(yè)詞匯:第 H 童固舉的表麥旨surfaceinterface習(xí)和界五homophase botindary異相於阪heterophase boundary磊艮grain boundary表面能surface ener

24、gy-小A度晶界lovr angle書(shū)ain boundary尢角度於曇high angle莎ain boundary共略李昴齊coherent win boundarva矗界遷移浮ain boundary migadon錯(cuò)配廢mismarchrelaxation重鞫re console a on表百吸附surface adsorption表五能surface energj-udt grain boundary扭轉(zhuǎn)哉界TOisc grain boundary例易密度reciprocal densir： coherent boundarv半共格吳旨semi-coherent boundarx*n

25、oncoherent boundaryinterfacial free energystrain.亡n亡rgy晶依學(xué)取向關(guān)系crystallographicorient aa onhabir plan亡材抖科學(xué)基甜專業(yè)訶匯:第王童相圖相國(guó)pnasc diaamspnase紐分componentcompoontnc相律Phase rule孜彬圖Piojcc口on drawing濃度三角形Conctntradon mangle冷卻曲線Cooling cAirvt成分composition倉(cāng)力度f(wàn)reedom相王童phase equilibrium化學(xué)勞chemical pocenual熱力學(xué)the

26、rmonamic s利徨pnast rule古布斯和律Gibbs phase rule力能free energ-吉希斯自占老Gibbs tree亡nerg-吉古斯混臺(tái)翁Gibbs energy- ot mixing咅右斯烷Gibbs iiltropy古右斯超救Gibbs fuAcuoft悠力手函豉thermodmamics function熱分折ermal analysis過(guò)冷supercoolingde gree of uz)ercooling權(quán)床平定徒le-tr rule和界phase boundary相界最phase boundary Ene和界交聯(lián)phaseboundarycrossl

27、inkingconjugate lines勿芥有很交聯(lián)phaseboundin-crosslinking相尿反應(yīng)pnase boundary reacuonpkase change和紐成phase composidon共格和ph ase-coherent全祁丙組撚phase constenuient和祐phase contrasr相襯星微皺phase contrast microscope和襯顯微術(shù)phaseconaa.semicroscopv相分希phase discribunonphase constantequilibrium相平愛(ài)國(guó)phase equilibrium diagramph

28、ase trartsi no fl lag相分離phase segregauon為序phase order相超定往phase stability加態(tài)phase state祁稔虔區(qū)phase stabile range祁交；昱強(qiáng)phasetransitiontem-perawre相變壓力phase uansiaon pressure刃虔多晶轉(zhuǎn)變polymorphicnaLnsfoimauon司親乒浪睜變allotropic trails to rmariofl相平御條件pnascconduonscuilib numicfocucnifeseutecroid不W 注材料科字撫總專業(yè)詞匯:第六盍獷散

29、活牝龜acuvation energy-穩(wěn)態(tài)擴(kuò)散stezdv state diffusion非穩(wěn)態(tài)擴(kuò)歌nonsteadv-s*are diffusion擴(kuò)孜系我diffusion uo亡ffidentjump frequeno-inreisritalcv mechanismain boundary diffusionshort-circuit diffusion上坡廿散uphill diffusion下段護(hù)救Downhill diffusion互獷散系致5fiitual diffusioncarbunzmg濃度梯1concentration gradient濃度分為生線cone亡XK三anon

30、 profile擴(kuò)散流哽diffusion flux驅(qū)動(dòng)力driving force1司球擴(kuò)散intersuuai &ffusion自擴(kuò)歡self1diffusionsurface diffusion空位擴(kuò)散vacancy- ditfasion護(hù)粧偶di ttusion coupl亡擴(kuò)歆方程diffusion equauon擴(kuò)散機(jī)冬&tfusion mechanistndiffusion propern-無(wú)規(guī)行走Random walk達(dá)肯方程Dart equarion柯肯達(dá)爾就應(yīng)Kukendall equauonIntrinsic cnCrmal defect本征尹歆樂(lè)軟Int

31、rinsicdiffusioncoeffiaent離子電導(dǎo)率Ion-conducuin-/空怎祝*:Vac ano-concentraucn有序無(wú)序discrdered oraer transition并變A氏體miirensittdiffusion flux濃.靈梯度.conctntraaon gradient扉克第一定往Fick s first law菲支第二定雀Fick s second law勿關(guān)因子correlation factor斯賓拓多分解變spmodal de：ompositionmarttnsite phase transformacon材羿馮至士越專比詞:匕華七盍勿吏辻冷

32、supercoolingdegree of y-ipfircooling観寢nideus形垓nude id on形族功naceanon energytry曲groTrrh均勺形核homogenecus nucliauon非均勻形hetsrogeneous nucleiuon形枚至nude anon rate長(zhǎng)大迭豐groxvm race恙力琴禺衣thermod-nimcs funcaGn怙顯矗核catizal nucleus半徑chEcd nucleus xadius枝 g 析dcndridc scgrcgadonbcalizcd equilibrium亞鴛分乞系政equlibnxndista

33、b-idoncotfficitnt有茨分配tffeccve distribution coefficient成令迂冷consurutional supercooling刃領(lǐng)（領(lǐng)先）力1Is adifg phase共禺俎皺eutectic crnicnrelamellar eutectic偽夬心pseudoeuttctic禹乎蕪矗dnrjed eutectic目翊艮應(yīng)solid sure reicuonsixircnagre合金loyRecrvs：!上 Roa/二次再立島Secondir- re xrrctallizAuonchill zone娃狀晶區(qū)columnar zoneequiaxed

34、crysrai zone定向礙固umdiiecaonal solidifica口onsplatcoolingzone refiningCzochralski mediod磊喬形核boundarv nudeauondislocation nudeauon磊垓長(zhǎng)大nuclei growrh慝冷拽術(shù)伎蜓形核矗區(qū) 中心希軸晶區(qū)才科舛宇差鋁專業(yè)訶汜:第八.扎蕓可相反出和燒結(jié)udcauoncryscallkadon子晶，劣希mitttc crr$talseed onruaoahe:erog:nccu$ nucleaiicn均勻化叢矩建nDtnogenizaLionhta:rrestmenrjxonxxbo

35、ll zlloyc：mcndte鐵囁線feratcius：enne扶晶反應(yīng)CUCXCUG ：C2GUOnoluuon her a：A：xncnc材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)常用英語(yǔ)詞匯材料的類型 Typesofmaterials,metals,ceramics,polymers,composites,elastomer部 分 材 料 性 質(zhì) 復(fù) 習(xí) Reviewofselectedpropertiesofmaterials, 電 導(dǎo) 率 和 電 阻 率 conductivityandresistivity,熱導(dǎo)率 thermalconductivity, 應(yīng)力和應(yīng)變 stressandstrain, 彈性應(yīng)變

36、 elasticstrain, 塑 性 應(yīng) 變 plasticstrain, 屈服 強(qiáng) 度 yieldstrength, 最 大 抗 拉 強(qiáng) 度 ultimatetensilestrength, 最大強(qiáng)度 ultimatestrength, 延展性 ductility,伸長(zhǎng)率 elongation, 斷面收縮率 reductionofarea,頸縮 necking,斷裂強(qiáng)度 breakingstrength,韌性 toughness,硬度 hardness，疲勞強(qiáng)度 fatiguestrength,蜂窩 honeycomb,熱脆性 heatshortness,晶胞中的原子數(shù) atomsperc

37、ell,點(diǎn)陣參數(shù) latticeparameter,密排六方 hexagonalclose-packed,六方 晶胞hexagonalunitcell, 體心立方 body-centeredcubic, 面心立方 face-centeredcubic, 彌勒指數(shù) Millerindices, 晶面crystalplane, 晶系 crystalsystem,晶向 crystaldirection,相變機(jī)理Phasetransformationmechanism:成核生長(zhǎng)相變nucleation -growthtransition, 斯 賓 那 多 分 解 spinodaldecompositi

38、on, 有 序 無(wú) 序 轉(zhuǎn) 變 disordered-ordertransition,馬氏體相變 martensitephasetransformation ，成核 nucleation,成核機(jī)理 nucleationmechanism, 成核勢(shì)壘 nucleationbarrier, 晶核，結(jié)晶中心 nucleusofcrystal,（金屬組織的）基體 quay,基體，基塊，基質(zhì)，結(jié)合劑matrix,子晶，雛晶 mattedcrystal,籽晶，晶 種 seedcrystal, 耔 晶 取 向 seedorientation, 籽 晶 生 長(zhǎng) seededgrowth, 均 質(zhì) 核 化hom

39、ogeneousnucleation, 異質(zhì)核化 heterogeneousnucleation, 均勻化熱處理 homogenizationheattreatment,熟料 grog, 自恰場(chǎng) self-consistentfield 固溶體 Solidsolution:有序固溶體 orderedsolidsolution, 無(wú)序固溶體 disorderedsolidsolution, 有序合金 orderedalloy, 無(wú) 序合金disorderedalloy.無(wú)序點(diǎn)陣 disorderedlattice,分散，擴(kuò)散，彌散 dispersal,分散劑 dispersant, 分散劑，添加

40、劑dispersantadditive, 分散劑，彌散劑 dispersantagent 缺陷 defect,imperfection, 點(diǎn)缺陷 pointdefect, 線缺陷linedefect,dislocation, 面缺陷 interfacedefect,surfacedefect, 體缺陷 volumedefect, 位錯(cuò)排列dislocationarrangement, 位錯(cuò)陣列 dislocationarray, 位錯(cuò)氣團(tuán) dislocationatmosphere, 位錯(cuò)胞 dislocationcell,位錯(cuò)爬移 dislocationclimb,位錯(cuò)滑移 dislocat

41、ionslip,dislocationmovementbyslip, 位錯(cuò)聚結(jié) dislocationcoalescence, 位錯(cuò)核心 能量dislocationcoreenergy, 位錯(cuò)裂紋 dislocationcrack, 位錯(cuò)阻尼 dislocationdamping, 位錯(cuò)密度 dislocationdensity,體積膨脹 volumedilation, 體積收縮 volumeshrinkage, 回火 tempering, 退火 annealing,退火的，軟化的 softened, 軟化退火，軟化（處理）softening, 淬火 quenching, 淬火硬化 quenc

42、hinghardening,正火 normalizing,normalization, 退火織構(gòu) annealingtexture, 人工 時(shí)效 artificialaging, 細(xì)長(zhǎng)比 aspectratio, 形變熱處理 ausforming, 等溫退火 austempering, 奧氏體 austenite, 奧氏體化 austenitizing, 貝氏體 bainite, 馬氏體 martensite, 馬氏體淬火 marquench, 馬氏 體退火 martemper,馬氏體時(shí)效鋼 maragingsteel,滲碳體cementite,固 溶強(qiáng) 化 solidsolutionstre

43、ngthening, 鋼 屑混 凝土 steelchipsconcrete, 水 玻璃， 硅酸 鈉 sodiumsilicate,水玻璃粘結(jié)劑 sodiumsilicatebinder,硅酸鈉類防水劑 sodiumsilicatewaterproofingagent, 擴(kuò)散 diffusion, 擴(kuò)散系數(shù) diffusivity, 相變 phasetransition,燒結(jié) sintering, 固相反應(yīng) solid-phasereaction,相圖與相結(jié)構(gòu) phasediagramsandphasestructures,相 phase,組分 component,自由度 freedom, 相平衡phaseequilibrium, 吉布斯相律 Gibbsphaserule, 吉布斯自由能 Gibbsfreeenergy, 吉布斯 混 合 能Gibbsenergyofmixing, 吉 布 斯 熵 Gibbsentropy, 吉 布 斯 函 數(shù) Gibbsfunction, 相 平 衡 phasebalanee,相界