2022屆高考英語-句法專項(xiàng)精講與演練

1、2022屆高考英語句法專項(xiàng)精講與演練倒裝句一.概念:   英語句子通常有兩種語序:一種主語在前,謂語在后,稱為自然語序,另一種謂誤在前,主語在后,稱為倒裝語序二.精講按“主語+ 謂語 這種順序排列的句子是陳述語序。如果排列順序變?yōu)椤爸^語 或謂語一局部+主語，就是倒裝。倒裝句分為：完全倒裝： 整個(gè)謂語移至主語前面叫完全倒裝 。局部倒裝： 只把助動詞、系動詞或情態(tài)動詞放在主語之前叫局部倒裝 。1. 當(dāng)以there, here, out , in , up , down, away 等副詞開頭的句子，為了起到強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用，可構(gòu)成倒裝句，只把副詞放在句首，主語和謂語位置調(diào)換，不加助動

2、詞。our teacher came in. in came our teacher.這種倒裝要求：主語必須是名詞。主語是人稱代詞時(shí)，主語和謂語語序不變。here it is. away he went.這類倒裝句式一般只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。here comes the bus. out rushed the boys.2. how, then, just, often 表示時(shí)間的副詞放在句首，可構(gòu)成倒裝句，只把副詞放在句首，主語和謂語位置調(diào)換，不加助動詞。then came 8 years of the anti japanese war.3. 表地點(diǎn)狀語的介詞短語放在句首，要用倒裝句

3、式，以示強(qiáng)調(diào)。這種倒裝句也是主謂直接調(diào)換位置，不加助動詞did, does或do.under a big tree _, half asleep.a. did sat a fat man    b. a fat man sat c. did a fat man sat    d. sat a fat man4. there放在句首時(shí)，要用倒裝句式。在“there + be結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動詞有時(shí)不用be , 而用表示類似“存在觀念的其他不及物動詞。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和a

4、ppear等。there came shouts for help from the river.there lies a large wheat field in front of the house.many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house.in front of the tower flews a stream.5. so + 動詞+主語neither/ nor + 動詞+主語表示兩人的同樣一個(gè)情況時(shí)，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的動詞、時(shí)態(tài)要一致。否那么要用so it is withyou can ride

5、a bike. so can i .he has been to beijing. so have i .the first one isnt good, neither is the second.his uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. so it is with his aunt.6. so+ 形容詞/副詞that 的結(jié)構(gòu)狀語從句可以用正常語序表示，也可以把so+形容詞/副詞放于句首構(gòu)成倒裝。句型如下： so +形容詞/副詞+be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞that +從句。

6、light travels so fast that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.= so fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.so easy was the work that they finished it in a few days.7. done做形容詞在句中做表語時(shí)，常把表語放在句首，要用倒裝句式。gone forever are the days when the chinese people had to use

7、 foreign oil.8. 否認(rèn)副詞not , never, seldom, nowhere, little , rarely 放于句首時(shí)要用倒裝句式。we seldom get up at four in the morning.= seldom do we get up at four in the morning.not a single word from him could the enemy drag.rarely have i heard of such a silly thing.9. hardlywhen; scarcelywhen; no soonerthan 可以用正

8、常語序 had hardly done when did 或用倒裝句式hardly had + 主語+ done when did 句式。hardly所在的句子用過去完成時(shí)。the bell hardly had rung when the class began.= hardly had the bell rung when the class began.no sooner had he arrived in beijing than he began to work.10. not only but also 如連接兩個(gè)成分時(shí)，不用倒裝；連接句子時(shí)， 前面的句子要用倒裝。not only

9、 was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his german citizenship.not only is he busy, but also i have a lot of work to do.not only does he speak english very well, but also he speaks french well.11. only 及所修飾的副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句放在句首時(shí)，要用： only+ 狀語+ be /助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語及其他only when he told me the

10、news did i know what had happened.only in this way can you make progress in your english.12. 虛擬語氣中的倒裝句if i were you, i would take the job. = were i you, i would take the job.三.穩(wěn)固練習(xí)1._ and caught the mouse.a. up the cat jumped   b. the cat up jumped c. up jumped the cat   

11、60;  d. jumped up the cat2._ and the lesson began.a. in came mr brown   b. mr brown in came c. in came he     d. came in mr brown3.over _ , dead.a. rolling the goat    b. rolled the goat c. did the goat roll    d. the goat rolled4.wher

12、e is my shirt, mum?   _.a. there is it     b. there it is c. there is     d. here is it5. where is your father?  oh, _.a. here he comes   b. he here comes c. here does he come  d. here comes he6.the door opened and there _ .a. ent

13、ers an old man b. entered an old man c. did an old man enter d. an old man entered7. now _ your turn to recite the text.a. will come  b. comes   c. has come  d. there is8.often _ them not to smoke here.a. we advised  b. advised me c. did we advise d. had we advised9._ playin

14、g soldiers.a. inside the room were two boys b. inside the room two boysc. were two boys inside the room d. inside the room was two boys10. on the wall _ two large portraits.a. are hanging   b. hanged  c. hang    d. hangs        &#

15、160;                11._ who was wounded in the stomach.a. among them were a soldier   b. among them was a soldierc. among them a soldier was    d. among they was a soldier12. next door to ours _ , wh

16、o is no less than eighty.a. that lives an old man    b. does an old man live c. lives an old man      d. where lives an old man13.she plays the piano very well, _.a. so every one of us does    b. every one of us does c. so does every one of us&#

17、160;   d. so do every one of us14.you say he works hard, _, and _.a. so he does; so you do    b. so he does; so do you c. so does he; so do you    d. so does he; so you do15. i thought you women were present at the meeting. _.a. so we were  b. so we did&#

18、160; c. so were we  d. so did we16.i dont think jack will come today, _. a. nor will mary      b. and mary doesnt c. mary will either     d. or mary does17. she is fond of cooking, _i .a. so am   b. nor am      c. n

19、either do  d. nor do18.marx was born in germany and german was his native language        .a. so it was with engles    b. so was it with engles c. so was engles      d. so did engles19.a fish needs water and without wate

20、r it will die._.a. so does a man   b. so will a man c. so it is with a man  d. so is it with a man20. so absorbed _ the work that she often forgot to _ her meals.a. had she been in; do  b. she was in; make c. was she in; take   d. she had been in ; have21.so loudly _ th

21、at every one of the class could hear him.a. did he speak b. did he spoke c. spoke he  d. he spoke22. _ his apperance that no one could recognize him.a. strange so was  b. so strange was c. was so strange   d. so was strange23.not once _ their plan.a. did they change   b

22、. they changed c. changed they    d. they did change24. never _ such a wonderful place as hangzhou.a. are seeing  b. had i seen c. i have seen  d. have i seen25.seldom _ tv during the day.a. they watch   b. are they watching c. have they watched d. do they watch26.

23、nowhere _ as in my garden.a. the flowers were so beautiful b. were the flowers so beautifulc. so beautiful were the flowers d. so beautiful the flowers were27. hardly _ his homework when he went out.a. finished he  b. he had finished c. did he finish d. had he finished28.scarcely _ finished the

24、ir homework _ i came into the classroom.a. had they; than  b. they had; when c. had they; when  d. did they; when29. not only _ a promise, but also he kept it.a. has he made  b. does he make c. he made   d. did he make30. not until his comrades criticized him _ to admit his

25、mistake.a. had he begun  b. began he c. did he begin  d. does he begin四.答案15 cabba   610 bbbda1115 bccba   1620 baacc 2125 abadd   2630 bdcdc定語從句一.概念   在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句,稱為定語從句,也叫形容詞性從句二.精講  1.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在

26、句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。1who, whom, that  這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中作主語和賓語。例如：  is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想見的人嗎？who/that在從句中作主語  he is the man whom/ that i saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個(gè)人。whom/that在從句中作賓語2 whose 用來指人或物，只用作定語, 假設(shè)指物，它還可以同of which互換。

27、例如：  they rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫助。  please pass me the book whose of which cover is green.請遞給我那本綠皮的書。3which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。例如：a prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。

28、which / that在句中作賓語the package which / thatyou are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。which / that在句中作賓語2.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。1關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例如：  there are occasions when on which one must yiel

29、d.任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。  beijing is the place wherein which i was born.北京是我的出生地。  is this the reason why for which he refused our offer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？2that代替關(guān)系副詞，可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在口語中that常被省略。例如：  his father died the year that / when / in

30、 which he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了。  he is unlikely to find the place that / where / in which he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。3.判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞 方法一： 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動詞那么要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如：  this is the mountain village where i stayed last year. 這是我去年呆過的山村。&

31、#160; ill never forget the days when i worked together with you.我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記與你共事的日子。習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。方法二： 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分主、謂、賓、定、狀，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞who, whom, that, which, whose； 先行詞在從句中做狀語時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞 where 地點(diǎn)狀語，when 時(shí)間狀語，why 原因狀語 。4

32、.限制性和非限制性定語從句 1 定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的局部，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開。例如：this is the house which we bought last month. 這是我們上個(gè)月買的那幢房子。限制性the house, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個(gè)月買的。非限制性2 領(lǐng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的。例如：charle

33、s smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。my house, which i bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個(gè)漂亮的花園。this novel, which i have read three times, is very touching. 這本小說很動人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。3 非限制性定語從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時(shí)從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。例如：he seems not to h

34、ave grasped what i meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。說明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。 5.介詞+關(guān)系詞 1介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。2that前不能有介詞。3某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語的"介詞+關(guān)系詞"結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和where 互換。例如： this is the house

35、in which i lived two years ago. 這是我兩年前住過的房子。 this is the house where i lived two years ago. do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 還記得你參加我們俱樂部的那一天嗎？ do you remember the day when you joined our club?6.as, which 非限定性定語從句 由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。as一般放在句

36、首，which在句中。例如：as we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. 如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。the sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太陽使地球暖起來，這對我們?nèi)祟惡苤匾?。as 和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)：1as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。2 as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞；假設(shè)為行為動詞，那么從句中的關(guān)系代詞

37、只能用which.。7.先行詞和關(guān)系詞二合一 1 whoever spits in public will be punished here. whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替2 the parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.what 可以用all that代替8. what/whatever; that/what; who/whoever  1what = the thing which；whatever = anything。例如：what you want h

38、as been sent here. 你要的動詞都送來了。whatever you want makes no difference to me. 不管你要什么，跟我沒什么關(guān)系。2 who= the person that whoever= anyone who。例如：3 that 和 what 當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，通常用作關(guān)系代詞，而引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，是個(gè)不充當(dāng)任何成分的連接詞。賓語從句和表語從句中的that常可省略。what只能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，用作連接代詞，作從句的具體成分，且不能省略。例如：i thinkthatyou will like the stamps. 我想你會喜歡這些郵

39、票的。what we need is more practice. 我們需要的是更多的實(shí)踐。9.關(guān)系代詞that 的用法 1不用that的情況 a 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)。例如： 錯(cuò)the tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. b 介詞后不能用。例如： we depend on the land from which we get our food. 我們依賴土地獲得食物。 we depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2 只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)

40、系代詞的情況 a在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 b在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that，不用which。 c先行詞有the only, the very修飾時(shí)，只用that。 d先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時(shí)，只用that。. e先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。例如：   all that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油問題。  finally, the thief ha

41、nded everything that he had stolen to the police. 那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。三.穩(wěn)固練習(xí)1. his parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.a. of whom     b. whom       c. of whose  d. whose2. she heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her

42、mouth.a. it         b. which        c. this        d. that3. in the dark street ,  there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. a. that       b.

43、who          c. from whomd. to whom4. the weather turned out to be very good , _ was more than we could expect. a. what        b. which       c. that      d. it5.aft

44、er living in pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.a. which       b. where           c. that      d. when6carol said the work would be done by october, perso

45、nally i doubt very much.a. it          b. that            c. when      d. which7dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _,of course , made the others unhap

46、py.awho       bwhich         cthis    dwhat 8. recently i bought an ancient chinese vase , _ was very reasonable.a. which price   b. the price of which c. its priced. the price of whose9._ has already been poin

47、ted out ,  grammar is not a set of dead rules.a. as      b. it          c. that       d. which 10. he lived in london for 3 months , during _ time he learned some english. a. this  

48、0;   b. which         c. that      d. same11. oh the wall hung a picture, _ color is blue.a. whose      b. of which       c. which      d. its12.

49、whenever i met him , _ was fairly often, i like his sweet and hopeful smile.a. what        b. which         c. that         d. when13. the visitor asked the guide to take his picture _

50、stands the famous tower. a. that         b. where       c. which     d. there14.the boss _ department ms king worked ten years ago look down upon women.a. in which      b. in that 

51、       c. in whose     d. whose15. i dont like _ you speak to her.a. the way        b. the way in that  c. the way which d. the way of which16.i had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ._ i got wet through .a. i

52、ts the reason  b. thats why   c. theres why   d. its how17. he made another wonderful discovery , _ of great importance to science.a. which i think is   b. which i think it is   c. which i think it d.i think which is18.he was very rude to the customs offi

53、cer, _ of course made things even worse.a. who          b. whom          c. what       d. which19. a) he is an interesting speaker, and, _ is more important, he knows his subject t

54、horoughly.b) he went to the meeting, and, _ was worse, insisted on speaking.a. what         b. which         c. that             d. when20. the farmer uses wood

55、 to build a house _ to store grain.    a. in which       b. where           c. which           d. with which21. i will invite _ my daughter loves. 

56、60;  a. whoever        b. whomever        c. whichever         d. whatever22.you can buy as many copies of this book _ you wants.    a. that     

57、       b. which           c. as               d. for which23. tom ate more food _ was good for his health.    a. that   

58、         b. as              c. than            d. which24. he was hiding behind the door _ he could see what was happening.   

59、; a. which          b. from where      c from which       d. where25. she wore, _ was very uncommon in the country, a red garment.    a. what       &#

60、160;   b. that            c. which           d. it   =she wore a red garment , _ was very uncommon in the country.26. the english play _ my students acted at the new years par

61、ty was a great success.a. for which     b. at which     c. in which      d. on which27. _ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.     a. it      b. as&

62、#160;         c. that      d. what28. the journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the sailing time was 226 days.a. of which     b. during which   c. from which   d. for which2

63、9. i work in a business          almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.a. how          b. which        c. where         &#

64、160;    d. that     30. there were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands.    a. where        b. which         c. when       

65、       d. that31. helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others ,       , of course , made the others envy him . a. who          b. that       &#

66、160;  c. what        d. which32. _ is often the case,  we have worked out the production plan.     a. which         b. when          c. what 

67、0;         d. as33.  anyway, that evening, _ ill tell you more about later, i ended up staying at rachels place.  a. when         b. where        c. what   

68、0;    d. which34. a story goes _ elizabeth i of england liked nothing more that being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.a. when         b. where        c. what     &#

69、160;  d. that35. the factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year , 80%        are sold abroad .aof which  bwhich of  cof them  dof that 36.there was          time    

70、      i hated to go to school .aa; that  ba; when  cthe; that  dthe ; when 37. there are two buildings ,          stands nearly a hundred feet high . athe larger    bthe larger of them  cthe

71、 larger one that              dthe larger of which 38. what surprised me was not what he said but          he said it . athe way  bin the way that cin the way  dthe way which 39. american women usually i