高考英語閱讀策略之猜測詞義

1、高考英語閱讀策略之猜測詞義猜測詞義是英語閱讀的一種重要技巧，也是高考中?？嫉念}型，是考查學生對文章上下文語境理解及詞匯量等多方面綜合能力。詞義猜測題常見的考查形式：1) What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph? / What does the underlined word mean?2) The phrase “” in the sentence could be replaced by _.3) The word “” in the paragraph refers to _.4) Which of the f

2、ollowing is the closest in meaning to the phrase”?5) By saying “” in the first (second) paragraph, the author means that _.6) What do you think the expression “” stand for?考查方向：1.熟詞新意，即熟悉詞匯的陌生含義；2.復合詞的含義的理解，對于衍生詞匯的理解能力；3.根據(jù)上下文對代詞的指代含義的理解能力；4.根據(jù)上下文對不認識單詞的詞義判斷能力；5.對諺語、俗語、俚語含義的理解能力；6.通過近義詞、反義詞和常識理解詞匯的能

3、力。Example 11. Anthropology is the scientific study of mankind. 詞義：_2.The term jam constitutes a state in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation. 詞義：_3.It will be very hard but very brittle that is , it will break easily. 詞義：_4.The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns abo

4、ut 650 yuan a year.詞義:_Skill 1： 通過定義或解釋來猜測定義常由定語從句或be called，be known as, be defined as，constitute，refer to等詞匯或破折號，冒號，括號來引導。解釋常由or, that is (to say), in other words，to put it another way引出一些具體的解釋性的短語。Practice 1“Getting the cold shoulder” means that some one is actually in a way that makes you feel u

5、nwanted. The very words create a picture: You can imagine a friend turning away so that, instead of a warm greeting, you receive only his shoulder a “cold” shoulder.The expression “getting the cold shoulder” means _. A.being treated rudely by paying no attention to you B. greeting you friendlyC. gre

6、eting you by rubbing shoulders with you D. feeding you cold meatExample 21.You may borrow from the library any periodicals: The World of English, English Square, Crazy English , English Learning. 詞義：_2. Collins decided that she must go, although the hazards of the trip were many, for example, t

7、he unbearable heat, the possibility of getting lost 詞義：_3.Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions. 詞義：_Skill 2： 通過舉例猜測常用such as, like,for example, for instance等引出例子。Practice 2:I left university with a good

8、 degree in English Literature,but no sense of what I wanted to do. Over the next six years, I was treading water, just trying to earn an income. I tried journalism, but I didnt think I was any good, then finance, which I hated. Finally, I got a job as a rights assistant at a famous publisher. I love

9、d working with books, although the job that I did was dull. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean?A.I was waiting for good fortune. B. I was trying to find an admirable job. C. I was being aimless about a suitable job. D. I was doing several jobs for more pay at a time.Example 31.Andrew

10、is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest. 詞義：_2. Mr. Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious. 詞義：_3.Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task .The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of t

11、he rivers and lakes which have been polluted. 詞義：_Skill ： 通過同義或反義關(guān)系進行猜測表示對比或轉(zhuǎn)折的常見信息詞有：but，yet，however，while，on the other hand，on the contrary，in contrast ，in spite of，instead等，有時也用破折號或冒號表示對比。表示同義的常見信息詞有：or, like, similarly等Practice 3:.indicators would pop up showing you the nearest coffee shop or di

12、rections could be plotted out and come into view right on the sidewalk in front of you. The underlined phrase “pop up” in the third paragraph probably means “ _”.A.develop rapidly B. get round quicklyC. appear immediately D. go over automaticallyExample 41.That museum is so immense that it will be i

13、mpossible to see all the exhibits in one day. 詞義：_(2) Hes such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade.詞義：_3.One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing. 詞義：_Skill 4： 通過因果關(guān)系進行猜測表示因果關(guān)系的信息詞有：since, as, because, for, so, thus, consequently, therefore, due to, result in,

14、 for this reason, so /such that等。Practice 4When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it come on the market in a dark blue and white package-blue because we t

15、hink of it as safe, and white as calm. The underlined part “the colours turned the customers off ” means that the colours .A.attracted the customers strongly B. had weak effects on the customersC. tricked the customers into shopping D. caused the customers to lose interestExample 51. Bill ranked sec

16、ond in the semifinal of 1,500 meters.詞義：_2.They took care not to prejudge the issue.詞義：_3.We should attach importance to the problems of childrens non-attendance at school.詞義：_Skill 5：構(gòu)詞法合成 有兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞 pathway everyday riverside派生 在詞根上加上前、后綴構(gòu)成另一個單詞extraordinary maturity frustration antiwar轉(zhuǎn)化 將一種詞性

17、轉(zhuǎn)化成另一種詞性place free value comb中學英語中常見的前綴和后綴有：super- (超) mini- (極小的, 微小的) micro-（極微小的） re- （再，反復） mis-（誤，惡） im-（不） un-（不，非） in-（不，非） non-（不，非） -able（能的 ） -less（不，無） -wards (向)Can you guess the right meanings?superman_ microwave_ nonnatural_mispronouce_ nonsmoker _ eastwards_Practice 5: We have been to

18、ld that encouraging a childs self-respect is important to his or her success in life. But child experts are now learning that too much praise can lead to the opposite effect. Praiseholic kids who expect it may suffer from depression when they are faced with troublesome situationThe underlined words

19、“Praiseholic kids” refers to kids who are _.A. tired of being praised B. worthy of being praisedC. very proud of being praised D. extremely fond of being praisedExample 6ISS crewmembers usually live in space for at least a quarter of a year. They work five days on and two days off to mimic the norma

20、l way they do things on Earth as much as possible. Weekends give the crew valuable time to rest and do a few hours of housework. They can communicate with family and friends by email, internet phone and through private video conferences.What does the word "mimic"in Paragraph 1 probably mea

21、n?_A. find          B. copy   C. change        D. loseSkill 6：生活常識：利用文化背景、生活常識猜測詞義。讀者可以運用邏輯推理能力，結(jié)合社會文化背景和自身的生活經(jīng)驗及生活常識，再根據(jù)上下文推測生詞的含義。Practice 6:When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually g

22、ives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.What does the word “ anaesthetic"in Paragraph 1 probably mean?_A. A kind of books B. A piece of advice C. A kind of medicine D. A kind of animalsExercise:1. There a

23、re some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys. A glacier is a river of ice. A. 雪山 B. 樹枝 C. 冰河 D. 冰2. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do something, he wont give it up halfway. A. weak B. firm C. kind D. clever3. Mr. Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home

24、. For this reason he has to rent a room near the office where he works. A. 租用 B. 借出 C. 購買 D. 參觀 4. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer.A. work B. study C. name D. interest5. The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her

25、house. Her neighbor all call her an eccentric lady.A. 愛貓的 B. 古怪的 C. 閑不住 D. 動物保護主義者6. In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth.A. 便士 B. 溫飽 C. 非常貧困 D. 虛弱 7. Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city

26、. A. town B. capital C. countryside D. house8. This boy is not stupid, on the contrary, no one could be more intelligent.A. 勤奮的 B. 愚蠢的 C. 聰明的 D. 情報9. Children are always boasting. They say things like “My Dads car is bigger than your Dads,” “My Mom is smarter than yours.” and “My family has more mon

27、ey than yours.” The word “boasting” means _.A. 驕傲 B. 吹牛 C. 頑皮 D. 幼稚Passage 1.We can not feel speed. But our sense let us know that we are moving. We see things moving past and feel that we are being shaken. We can feel acceleration, an increase in speed. But we notice it for only a short time. For e

28、xample we feel it during the takeoff run of an airplane.Acceleration is the name for _.A. any kind of movement B. the movement of a planeC. a steady speed D. an increase in speedPassage 2 The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was banished. A few members of the Senate

29、(參議院) opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever. The underlined word “banished” mean_. A. killed by stoning B. sent away C. imprisoned D. punished by whipping Passage 3 My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields. I would walk behind an ox, guiding him with a stick. For $ 1 a day, I worked eight hours straigh