定語從句常見錯(cuò)誤例析

1、定語從句專項(xiàng)報(bào)告-定語從句常見錯(cuò)誤例析青島六中周汝寧【熱點(diǎn)綜述】定語從句是高中英語新教材中一個(gè)非常重要的語法項(xiàng)目，亦是一個(gè)難 點(diǎn),同時(shí)也是近幾年高考英語單項(xiàng)填空題考查的熱點(diǎn)。由于其用法及內(nèi)容繁 雜,還牽涉到動(dòng)詞 時(shí)態(tài)、主謂一致、不定代詞等項(xiàng)目，在使用中往往犯這樣 或那樣的錯(cuò)誤，以至在考試 中造成失分現(xiàn)象。為澄清對(duì)定語從句的理解上所存在的誤區(qū)，避免由于判斷上的失誤而造 成的失分現(xiàn)象，現(xiàn)對(duì)在使用定語從句時(shí)常犯的錯(cuò)誤進(jìn)行歸納和總結(jié)。1.省去作主語的關(guān)系代詞(1 【誤】 The cha nges have happened in the p ast few years make the city lo

2、ok eve n more beautiful.【正】 The cha nges that have happened in the p ast few years make the city look eve n more beautiful.(2 【誤】 Those want to visit the art exhibition sign your names, please.【正】Those who want to visit the art exhibiti on sig n your n ames, p lease.【析】關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省去，而作主語卻不可省去。又

3、如:Most of the people who were invited to the conference were famous scientists fromAfrica.(who不能省略2. 從句中使用冗余的人稱代詞或副詞(1 The compositions we handed th em inwo weeks ago haven ' t been marked yet.【析】從句中省去了作賓語的關(guān)系代詞 that/which,故them為多余的，應(yīng)去掉。(2 After living in Paris for 50 years, he returned to the sm

4、all town where he grew up as a child there.【析】關(guān)系副詞where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，使用there屬語義重 復(fù)，故去掉。3. as與 it, which 混用(1【誤】It has bee n men ti oned above, the nu mber of senior high school stude nts is in creas ing.【正】 As has bee n men ti oned above, the nu mber of senior high school stude nts is in creas ing.【析】as

5、引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句置于句首，對(duì)整個(gè)主句起說明作用。(2【誤】 As is known to all that smoking does great harm to health.【正】It is known to all that smok ing does great harm to health.或 As is known to all, smok ing does great harm to health.【析】As引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，若置于句首，要用逗號(hào)與主句隔開；it放在句 子開頭，作形式主語，將從句置于句子后邊，中間無逗號(hào)。（3【誤】Tom drinks a lot ever

6、y day, as his wile doesn ' t like at all.'t like at all.【正】 Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn【析】用as/which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句的區(qū)別在于：as從句既可放在主句后, 也可置于句首，而which從句只能放在主句后面：當(dāng)主句與從句 語義一致時(shí),通常用as反之則用which。也就是說，定語從句如果表否定 意義,往往用which引導(dǎo)。4. 從句中誤用人稱代詞或物主代詞。(1【誤】 China has hun dreds of isla nds, the l

7、argest of them is Taiwa n.【正】 China has hun dreds of isla nds, the largest of which is Taiwan或 China has hun dreds of isla nds, and the largest of them is Taiwa n.(2【誤】 He has two sons, both of whom are technicians.【正】 He has two sons, both of them are tech ni cia ns.He has two sons, and both of the

8、m are tech nicians.【析】在定語從句中要用關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，不能用人稱代詞和副詞。人稱 代詞和副詞只能用在獨(dú)立的單句或分句中。(3【誤】 The boss in his department Ms.King worked looked down upon women.【正】 The boss in whose dep artme nt Ms.K ing worked looked dow n upon wome n.“Titanic ” , whose leading actoTamrsuwork關(guān)系代【析】從句中用whose作定語，修飾名詞。又如：Have you see

9、 n the film詞與關(guān)系副詞混用。(1【誤】 What I miss badly are those happy hours whe n I spent together with them.【正】 What I miss badly are those happy hours (that/which I spent together with them.(2【誤】I live in Ho ng Kong, where is the Sp ecial Admi nistrative Zo ne.【正】I live in Hong Kong, which is the Special Ad

10、ministrative Zone. (3【誤】Is this museum the one where some Germa n friends visited the other day?【正】Is this museum the one that/which some Germa n frie nds visited the other day?【析】關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語、表語和定語等；而關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語。6. 誤用v-i ng結(jié)構(gòu)替換定語從句。(1【誤】 The girl bringing milk here every morni ng is from a moun ta

11、 in village. 【正】 The girl who brings milk here every morni ng is from a mou nta in village.(2【誤】 The scholars returning from abroad recently were awarded by the local gover nment.【正】 The scholars who had returned from abroad rece ntly were awarded by the local gover nment.【析】下列兩種情況定語從句不宜用 v-ing替換:定語

12、從句謂語動(dòng)詞的 動(dòng)作先 于主句謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作。7. that與which的混用(1【誤】 The weather turned out to be very good, that was more tha n we exp ected.【正】 The weather turned out to be very good, which was more tha n we exp ected.(2【誤】 The stories about the Second World War were well written, of that this is one exa mple.【正】 The sto

13、ries about the Second World War were well writte n, of which this is one exa mple.【析】that和which各有使用的情況，兩者不能混淆。在非限制性從句及介詞 后要使用which。下列情況須用that先行詞為something/anything/everything/nothing/all/much/little 等。先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。先行詞被all/the very/the only等修飾時(shí)。先行詞 既有人,又有物時(shí)。如：(1T he thief fin ally han ded everyt

14、h ing that he had stole n to the p olice.(2A ll that can be done must be done well.(3T he Origi n of Sp ecies was one of the most imp orta nt books that were p ublished duri ng the 18th cen tury.(41 n class our teacher told us about the famous writer and his master pieces that were unknown to us all

15、.(5A h, here is the very thi ng that I am after.8. 數(shù)的誤用(1【誤】I, who is your close friend, will certa in ly hel p you whe n in trouble.【正】I, who am your close friend, will certainiy help you when in trouble.【析】 定語從句謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致，因此應(yīng)把is改為am。't need(2This is the only one of the tap e-ecorders i

16、n the sound lab that does nrep airi ng.【析】one前有the only修飾，故one為先行詞，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)doesn' tn eed。9. 限定性與非限定性定語從句的誤用(1 【誤】 Abraham Li ncoln who led the America n people through these years was shot at a theatre in Washi ngton, D.C.【正】 Abraham Li ncol n ,who led the America n people through these years w

17、asshot at a theatre in Washi ngton, DC【析】限制性定語從句對(duì)先行詞起修飾限定作用，非限定性定語從句對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行說明解釋。非限定性定語從句使用的情況：先行詞為專有名詞時(shí)；先行詞被指示代詞this/these等修飾時(shí)；定語從句由不定代詞或數(shù)詞 +whom/which引導(dǎo)時(shí);從句由復(fù)合介詞(in front of/in the middle of/at the back of/at the top of 等+whom/which引導(dǎo)時(shí)。例如：(11 live in Beiji ng, which is the cap ital of Chi na.(2These

18、 goods, which my frie nd delivered two mon ths ago, reached me onlyyesterday.(3We had two spare rooms dow nstairs, n either of which had bee n used for at least ayear.(4So on we arrived at farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.10. as與that的混用【誤】 The house was sold at such a low price that peop

19、le hadn'正ex pected.The house was sold at such a low p rice as people had nt exp ected.【析】先行詞前若有such/the same/as/s等詞修飾時(shí),從句須用as引導(dǎo)。例如:(1T his is such a heavy suitcase as you can't carry, I'm afraid.(21' ll take the same train as he did last week to Shenzhen.若先行詞前有形容詞比較級(jí)修飾時(shí)，從句一般用than引出，如

20、:He sat at the table for an hour and drank con siderably more wine tha n is good health.【考題精解】1. hese houses are sold at such a low p ricepeople exp ect上海2000A. like B. as C. that D. which【析】本句包含一個(gè)定語從句修飾“ a low price從句中缺賓語,應(yīng)選關(guān)系代詞,可排除A項(xiàng)；由于先行詞a low price被such修飾，應(yīng)選as。 2. The gentlemanyou told me yester

21、day pro ved to be a thief上 海 2000A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom【析】本句定語從句中的動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)為“you told me about the gen tiemat應(yīng)選”3. After livi ng in P aris for fifty years he returned to the small tow n up as a child.全 國 1996.he grewA. which B. where C. that D. when【析】本句包含一個(gè)定語從句修飾“ the small town從句中缺狀語

22、，因而應(yīng)選關(guān)系副詞，根據(jù)上下文應(yīng)表示地點(diǎn)，應(yīng)選B。4. The weather turned out to be very good,was more tha n we couldexp ect.（全 國 1994A. what B. which C. that D. it【析】本題中的定語從句修飾 The weather turned out to be very good因而此處要求填上關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作主語,選B。5. Carol said the work would be done by October, much.(全 國 1999person ally I doubt very

23、A. it B. that C. whe n D. which【析】本題中的定語從句修飾 Carol said the work would be do ne by October因而此處要求填上關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作主語,選D。6. He made ano ther won derful discovery, 國 1991of great importance to scie ncel(A. which I thi nk is B. which I th ink it isC. which I thi nk it D. I thi nk which is【析】本句后面部分為定語從句,I thi

24、nk作插入成分，which在從句 中作主語,修飾 discovery，應(yīng)選 A。7.is men ti oned above, the nu mber of the stude nts in senior high school is in creasi ng.上海 1999A. Which B. As C. That D. It【析】本句前面部分為定語從句，所需關(guān)系代詞指代主句，在從句中作主語，且這個(gè)定語從句在句首，答案選B。8. He P aid the boy $10 for wash ing ten win dows, most of clea ned for a year.全 國 1

25、990had nt bee n【析】本題后面部分為非限制性定語從句，空白處應(yīng)填關(guān)系代詞指代tenwindows。同時(shí)又起連接作用,在從句中作介詞of的賓語。that不能用于非 限制性 定語從句，答案選D。A. these B. those C. that D. which【范例分析】they remembered in the school.1. They talked about the persons and thingsA. which B. who C. that D. whom【析】本句中的定語從句缺賓語，因此應(yīng)選關(guān)系代詞，其先行詞the persons and things既指物，

26、只有關(guān)系代詞that為正確答案。2. The p retty housedoor is always locked bel ongs to a rich man.A. its B. of which C. where D. whose【析】door前缺限定詞作定語，應(yīng)選D ,若door前面有the可選of which。3.The p olice fin ally caught up with the manwas the esca ped prisoner. A. who theyA. that B. which C. where D. thereA. which B. i n which C

27、. on which D. at whichthought B. whom they thoughtC. they thought him D. that they thought him【析】空白后面的定語從句缺關(guān)系代詞作主語，不要根據(jù)選項(xiàng)誤認(rèn)為缺賓語,此句的關(guān)鍵是they thought為插入成分,句子結(jié)構(gòu)不受其影響,應(yīng)選A 。 4. I willn ever forget the dayswe had a good time together at the sea. A. whe n B. which C.where D. who【析】本句定語從句修飾the days定語從句中主謂賓完整

28、，因此此處應(yīng) 表示時(shí) 間，選A。5. Some of the roads were flooded,made our jo urney more difficult. A. it B.this C. what D. which【析】本句為一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，兩個(gè)句子間無連接詞，不能選A或B ;空白處中的詞應(yīng)既起連接作用，又起指代作用,應(yīng)選D。A. who B. with whom C. whom D. for whom【析】本句的非限制性定語從句中，所需關(guān)系代詞指人，但在定語從句中 并不 缺主語或賓語，所選關(guān)系代詞前需加介詞，根據(jù)謂語部分應(yīng)為I played tennis with,答案應(yīng)選B。7

29、. The buses,were already full, were surr oun ded by an angry crowd. A.most of them B. most of which C. little of which D. little of them 【析】 本句所包含的 是定語從句，因而不能選A或D ,根據(jù)題意，應(yīng)選B?！灸芰w移訓(xùn)練】1.DDBCC 6.BBBBA 10.DBDCB 16.CBBDD 21.BABBC 26.CDDDDyou may spend your1. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful p

30、lace weeke nd.A. which B. that C. whe n D. where2. Do you know the reas onshe got so angry yesterday?A. how B. for that C. which D. whyyou sp eak to her.3. I don ' t like the wayA. which B. that C. in that D. why4. There is no dictio nary you can find everyth ing.5. I still remember the day she

31、first wore that pink dress.6. That was the only gate bywe could rush out and save thosewereA. is B. are C. he D. haveA. that B. which C. it D. with whichin great dan ger.A. that,which B. which,who C. it, who D. whom, that7. Jack is pl eased withyou have give n him and allyou have toldhim.A. that, wh

32、at B. what, that C. which, what D. that, which8. Allis n eeded is a supply of oil.A. the thi ng B. that C. what D. which9. The headmaster was satisfied withyou've done.A. what all B. all that C. all what D. that all10. Is this schoolwe visited three years ago?A. the one B. which C. that D. where

33、he had stole n from the shop. A.11. Fin ally, the thief han ded in everythi ngwhich B. what C. whatever D. that12. I live in the housewin dows face south.A. which B. whose C. where D. i n which13. His parents wouldn' t let him maoryeanfamily was poor.14. This is the girldraw ing has bee n highly

34、 p raised.15. You must show my wife the same respectA. what B. as C. why D. whatever16. Can you tell me the n ame of the factoryyou show me.you visited last week? A. what17. She heard a terrible no isebrought her heart into her mouth.B. where C. / D. whenA. it B. which C. this D. that18. Is this the

35、 restaura ntA. which you work B. i n which you workC. for which you work D. where you work in19. The bookis n ot in the library.A. that I need it B. I need itC. which I n eed it D. I n eed20. There wasto p reve nt the accide nt.A. someth ing could do B. any thi ng we could doC. nothing we couldn'

36、; t do D. nothing we could do21. That is one of those books thatworht read ing.22. This is the very bookI want to find.23. This is the p lacewe once visited ten years ago.A. where B. which C.who D. whommy frie nd has got.24. I ' d like to have a bike likeA. one B. the one C. one that D. one what

37、25. Where is the boyyou sp oke just now?A. who B. the one C. one that D. one what26. There is a mountainthe top is always covered with snow.A. of that B. of wich C. whose D. that27.Let stude nts read such bookswill make them better and wiser. A. whichB. that C. what D. as28. He talked happ ily about

38、 the men and booksin terested him greatly in theschool.A. which B. who C. whe n D. that29.1 ' ll show you a storeyou may buy allyou n eed.A. that B. where C. in which D. the oneA. that,that B. where,which C. which, that D. in which, that30. Is this museumsome America ns visited last mon th?31.CC

39、CDA 36.BBDDC 41.CABBBdied during World War II.31. The old man had three sons, all ofA. which B. that C. whom D. whose32. The audie nee, most ofwere stude nts, enjo yed the p erforma nee. A. themB. which C. whom D. theyare from En gla nd.33. There are two thousa nd stude nts in our school, twentyA. o

40、f them B. among those C. of whom D. in them34. He is abse nt,is ofte n the case.A. what B. that C. who D. as35. David is tall,are my brothers.A. as B. that C. who D. what36. He was a foreig ner,I knew from his acce nt.A. who B. that C. as D. what37. Beiji ng,is the cap ital of Chin a, is a beautiful

41、 city.A. that B. it C. which D./38. He studied hard and later became a well-k nown writer,his fatherexp ected.A. that was what B. what was thatC. and which was D. which was what39.Mr Zhou,n ative Ian guage was Chin ese, could read and write severalforeig n Ian guages.A. whose B. his C. which D. that

42、40. I took my frie nd to the Summer P alace,we had some p hotos take n. A.where B. which C. that D./41. Marco P olo,was a great Italia n traveller,travelled all the way to China,was the n called Cathay.A. who, that B. that, which C. who, which D. which, that42. Fort un ately we had a map,we would ha

43、ve got lost.A. without which B. without it C. with which D. with it43. Yesterday we visited the Great Wall,I had n ever bee n before.A. i n which B. to which C. at which D. on which44. There were a lot of people at the p arty, onlyI had met before.A. a few of them B. a few of whomC. few of them D. f

44、ew of whom45. They gave us a lot of in formati on,was useless.A. most of it B. most of whichC. most of whom D. most of that【綜合運(yùn)用創(chuàng)新】1.DCCCC 6.CCABD1.1 n ever say such thingsyou say.A. what B. which C. that D. as2. This is the paperI read every day andI find so in teresti ng. A. /,/B. which,/ C. /,whi

45、ch D. which.whose3. I will pro vide you with such things you may n eed.A. that B. which C. as D. whose4. The old Olym pic Gamesthe moder n games came bega n around the year776 BC in Greece.A. i n which B. i n that C. from which D. which5. It was at the gatehe told me the n ews.A. whe n B. which C. t

46、hat D. what6. It waswho resp ected their teachers.A. whe n B. which C. that D. what7. Our teacher did allhe could to help them.A. what B. which C. that D. it8. The planeI came to London has flow n 10,000 miles.A. i n which B. by which C. where D. from which9. Mary is the only one of those ladiesbrid

47、ge well.A. who p lay B. who p lays C. that p lay D. which p lays10. This is an awful films. Itone I ve ever seen.A. a worse B. a better C. the best D. the worst11.CABCA 16.BBDDC 21.AABCD 26.CCBBC 31.ACACB11. My n eighbors used to give me a hand in time of trouble,was very kindof them.A. who B. that

48、C. which D. whom12.has already bee n poin ted out, grammar is not a set of dead rules. A. As B.It C. That D. This13. The old man has two daughters,are nu rses.A. two of whom B. both C. all of them D. all of whom14. His glasses,he was like a bli nd man, were miss ing.A. with which B. with it C. witho

49、ut which D. without it15. The railway tunn el,the train goes, will be compi eted soon.A. through which B. in which C. through it D. in it16. I shall n ever forget those yearsI lived in the country with the farmers,has a great effect on my life.A. that/which B. whe n/which C. wh ich/that D. whe n/who

50、 17. Jack's beard makeshim look much older,he looks much ni cer. A. without it B. without which C.with it D. with which18. The stories about the famous scie ntists,this is one exa mple, are wellwritte n.A. in which B. about which C. on which D. of which19. We saw a new film at the ci nema. we had supper at a restaura nt. A.where B. whe n C. which D. after which20. The man came up to a Ion ely house,door was open, andit withgreat in terest.A. which, to look into B. that, look ing upC. whose, looked into D. of which, look at21. He is a man with rich exp erie nee, frommuch can be lear ned.