商務英語期末

1、l unit 1 Parent company：母公司 Subsidiary company：子公司Foreign-owned company：外商獨資公司 Holding company：控股公司Trade company：貿易公司 Trust company：信托公司China Ocean Shipping Company：中國遠洋運輸公司Nanjing Cereals, Oils and foodstuffs Import & Export Corporation：南京糧油食品進出口公司China National Offshore oil Corp.：中國海洋石油公司Beijing S

2、tone Group Co.：北京四通集團公司Guangzhou Kimberley Mechanical & Electrical Enterprises ltd.：廣州金伯利機電有限公司Capital Investment：資本投資 Portfolio investment：有價證劵投資Investment portfolio：投資總額 Investment environment：投資環(huán)境Real estate investment：房地產投資Research and development investment：研發(fā)投資Investment appraisal：投資評估l UNIT 2

3、Global economy 世界經濟 The newly emerging economies 新興經濟體Consumer economy 消費經濟 Planned economy 計劃經濟Market economy 市場經濟 Economic reform 經濟改革Economic take-off 經濟起飛 Economic returns 經濟效益Special economic zone 經濟特區(qū)Economic and technical development district 經濟和技術發(fā)展區(qū)Economic prosperity 經濟繁榮Economic recession

4、 經濟衰退 Economic sanction 經濟制裁Economic blockade 經濟封鎖 Economic life-lines 經濟生活線Overheated economy 經濟過熱 Home economics 家政Keynesian economics 凱恩斯主義經濟學l UNITE 3 Machine tool industry 機床制造業(yè) Machine building industry 機器制造業(yè)Raw materials industry 工業(yè)原料 Aerospace industry 航空航天業(yè)Textile machinery industry 紡織機械業(yè) T

5、extile industry 紡織業(yè)Advertising industry 廣告業(yè) Processing industry 加工業(yè)Infant industry 新興產業(yè) Service industry 服務業(yè)The tertiary industry 第三產業(yè) The canning industry 罐頭工業(yè)The construction industry 建筑業(yè) Nonresidential construction 非住宅建筑Housing construction 住宅建筑 Construction budget 建筑預算Construction work in proces

6、s 建筑工業(yè)過程中 Construction contract 施工合同l UNIT 5commercial banks 商業(yè)銀行 Investment banks 投資銀行Exchange banks 外匯銀行，匯兌銀行 Citibank Corp. 花旗銀行Chase Manhattan Bank 大通曼哈頓銀行 Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corp. 匯豐銀行Bank deposits 銀行存款 Bank reserves 銀行儲備金B(yǎng)ank loans 銀行貸款 Bank charges 銀行手續(xù)費Bank draft 銀行匯票 Bank overdr

7、aft 銀行透支The financial position of banks 財政狀況 A banks balance sheet 銀行資產負債表Non-bank financial companies 非銀行金融機構 Banking panics 銀行恐慌Banking reform 銀行改革 Deregulation of the banking industry 取消對銀行業(yè)管制l UNIT 6Insurance business 保險業(yè)務 Insurance coverage 保險覆蓋Insurance clause 保險條款 Insurance portfolio 保險投資組合In

8、sured value 保險金額 Open policy 預約保單Premium rate 保險費率 Insurance claim 保險索賠Insurance indemnity 保險賠償 Land transportation insurance 陸上運輸保險Through transport insurance 運輸保險 Life insurance 人壽保險Medical insurance 醫(yī)療保險 Insurance underwriter 保險承擔人，承保人Insurance broker 保險經紀人，保險中間人 Insurance agent 保險代理Policy proof

9、of interest 證明保險利益，保險權益 Reinsurance 再保險l unit 7Common stock 普通股股票 Preferred stock 優(yōu)先股Non-par value stock 無面值股票 Bearer stock 無記名股票Promoters stock 發(fā)行人的股票 Listed stock 上市股票Stock issue 發(fā)行股票 Stock transfer 股票轉讓Stock holders equity 股東權益 Stock quotation 股票行情Short-selling 沽空 ，賣空 Margin trading 保證金交易A purcha

10、se syndicate 認購銀行團 Equity investors 權益投資者Bond yields 債券收益率 Share premium 股份議價Share capital 股份資本 To speculate in stocks 股票投機To bear the market 拉低股票價格 To bull the market 哄抬股票價格l UNIT 9The all American beverage：純正美國飲料 All-weather operations：全天候的操作An all-time record：空前的記錄 All-China Federation of Trade U

11、nion：全中國總工會The inter-country red tape：國家之間的繁文縟節(jié) Inter-company bond holdings：公司之間互控的債券 Inter-bank deposits：銀行之間的存款International economic cooperation：國際經濟合作 Intra-European service：歐洲內部服務Intra-governmental service funds：政府內部的服務基金Intra-company transaction：公司內部交易 Multilateral trade：多邊貿易An multi-disciplin

12、ary project：多科性項目 Pan-European strategies：泛歐戰(zhàn)略Pan-American World Airways：泛美航空公司 The Fifth Pan-American Games：第五屆泛美運動An transnational powerhouse：一家強大的跨國公司Trans-regional commodity supplies：跨區(qū)域的商品供給A trans-African expedition：一次穿越非洲的冒險The first transcontinental railway：第一次橫跨大陸的鐵路l unit 11Bill at sight 即

13、期票據 Bill accepted 已承兌匯票Bill dishonored 被拒付的匯票 Bill for acceptance 承兌匯票Shipping bill 船貨清單 Blank check 空白支票Rubber check 空頭支票（假支票） Check to order 記名支票Check to bearer 不記名支票 Acceptance contract 承兌合同Unconditional acceptance 無條件承兌 Dollar acceptance 美元承兌Provisional invoice 臨時發(fā)票 Consignment invoice 寄銷發(fā)票Consi

14、gnment contract 寄銷合同 Invoice approval stamp 核準發(fā)票的書寄Payment against arrival 貨到付款 Payment on credit 記賬付款第二大題 縮寫 20MNC Multinational Corporation跨國公司FDI Foreign Direct Investment國外直接投資TFC Total Fixed Cost固定成本總額AFC Average Fixed Cost平均固定成本TVC Total Variable Cost可變成本總額L/C Letter of credit 信用證S/C Sales con

15、firmation 銷售確認書B/L Bill of lading 提單S.S. Steam Ship 輪船M.V. Motor Vessel 輪船U.P.S United Parcel Service 聯邦快遞公司ROE Return on Equity 股東資產凈值盈利ROI Return on investment 投資報酬率ROS Return on Sales 銷售利潤率EPS Earning per share 每股收益AVC Average Variable Cost平均可變成本MR Marginal Revenue邊際收入MC Marginal Cost邊際成本CIF Cost

16、, Insurance and Fd port of destination成本加保險費，運費CIP Carriage, Insurance paid d place of destination運費，保險費付至（指定目的地） CFR Cost and Fd port of destination成本加運費（指定目的地）FOB Free on Bd port of shipment船上交貨（指定轉運港）IPI Insurance Proof of Interest保險證明，保險權益WPA With particular

17、 average 水漬險FPA Free from particular average 平安險EC European Community歐洲共同體EEC European Economic Community歐洲經濟共同體EU European Union歐洲聯盟IPD Interest, Profit and dividend利息利潤和分紅OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries石油輸出國組織WTO World Trade Organization 世界貿易組織IMF International Monetary Fund 國際貨

18、幣基金組織EFTA European Free Trade Association歐洲自由貿易聯盟NAFTA North American Free Trade Area北美自由貿易區(qū)UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development聯合國貿易與發(fā)展會議 GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade關貿總協定SWIFT Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications環(huán)球同業(yè)銀行金融電訊協會第三、四大題 長短句翻譯 （

19、中翻英 10*2 英翻中5*2）l UNIT 1公司的戰(zhàn)略，政策和計劃：Corporate strategy, policy and planning種種其他因素：A variety of other factors世界貿易和投資的模式：World trade and investment patterns除了采掘工業(yè)之外：With the exception of extractive industries建立海外子公司最重要的動機：The most important motive for setting up overseas subsidiaries 尋求新的利潤來源：The sear

20、ch for new sources of profit對國外經銷方法的不滿意：Dissatisfaction over distribution techniques abroad國外生產設備的定址：The location of foreign production facilities企業(yè)兼并的巨浪：A tremendous surge of acquisition of enterprises通過在國外生產的方式：By way of foreign production像稅收待遇優(yōu)惠之類的補貼：Subsidies such as preferential tax treatmentl

21、UNIT 2國際商務決定：International business decisions做正式的物價預測：To do official price forecasts由公關部主任主持的專題座談會：A panel discussion hosted by public relations manager 主要受益人：The main beneficiaries套頭保值的好處：Hedging benefits所需要供給的原材料：Needed supplies of raw materials技術的不斷進步：Continued advances in technology技術革新：Technolo

22、gical innovation商品與金融資產之間的價格差別：Price disparity between commodities and financial assetsl UNIT 3一個較令人信服的思想學派：A more credible school thought比較富裕的那部分人口：The more affluent part of the population在勞工方面：On the labor front對利率比較敏感的那部分經濟：The more interest-sensitive sector of the economy房屋重新裝修上的總開支：Overall spen

23、ding on repair and remodeling大大低于最高生產能力：Well below full capacity占有市場優(yōu)勢的公司：Firms with a dominant market share上漲的原材料成本：Rising raw materials costs全國消費者協會：The National Association of Consumers工業(yè)建筑的回升：A pick up in industrial construction樂觀的理由：Reasons for optimisml UNIT 5向急需資金的公司貸款：To make loans to compan

24、ies badly in need of capital超過任何一家美國銀行的資產：To exceed the assets of any American bank把所有的各種保險索賠計算在內：To count in whole classes of insurance claims壟斷有關投資者的信息：To monopolise information about investors將信用卡應收款項證券化：To have credit-card receivables securitised遵照公司的規(guī)章制度行事：To comply with the companys rules and

25、regulations已出具本票的方式籌集資金：To raise capital by issuing promissory notes降低拖欠風險：To reduce the risk of default將18%的資金留做準備金：To put1 8% of capital in reserve擔保儲蓄存款：To guarantee savings deposited in banks把個人債務和資產轉換成證券：To convert individual liabilities and assets into securitiesl UNIT 6發(fā)行5萬份每股面值50美金的股票：To iss

26、ue 50 thousand shares with the face value of $50 per share蒙受貨物損失：To be prejudiced by the loss of goods證明具有可保權益：To prove ones insurable interest品保險單索賠：To make a claim against a policy受理索賠：To accept/meet a claim背簽提單：To endorse a bill of lading賠償投保人：To indemnify the insured按保險金額計算保險費：To calculate premi

27、ums on the insured value空運發(fā)貨：To make a shipment by air注銷一筆債款：To write off a debt對負有責任的承運人采取行動：To take actions against the liable carriers由保險公司接替這些權利：To subrogate the claim to the insurance company確定造成損失的直接原因：l UNIT 7感覺到跨國界投資的風險To perceive the risk in cross-border investment以美元計算平均增長30%To rise by 30%

28、 on average in dollar terms按大眾的心理運轉To move on mass psychology蒙受200萬美元的巨額損失To suffer a huge loss of $2 million因總統遇刺而緊張不安To get jittery over the assassination of the president表明歐洲經濟復蘇的跡象Signs pointing to a mild European recovery流入亞太地區(qū)的外資Foreign funds flowing into the Asian-Pacific region一些債臺高筑的發(fā)展中國家So

29、me debt-laden developing countries美元對日元的微弱升值The dollars slight rise against the Japanese Yen難以預測的市場反應To establish the actual/proximate cause of the lossl UNIT 9大型國有企業(yè)：Large state-owned enterprises外國獨資企業(yè)：Wholly foreign-owned enterprises中外合資企業(yè)：Sino-foreign joint ventures面向出口的企業(yè)：Export-oriented enterpr

30、ises高科技工業(yè)：High-tech industries新汽車的銷售量：New-car sales volume總部設在俄勒岡州的運動鞋業(yè)巨霸：The Oregon-based athletic shoe giant迄今在中國最大的一筆投資：The largest-ever investment in China大大改善了的商業(yè)環(huán)境：The greatly-improved business environment在長達3年的經濟衰退之后：After a three-year-long recession公司發(fā)言人：A company spokesman經濟顧問：Economic cons

31、ultant瑞典一家工程公司的總裁：President of a Swedish engineering firm在倫敦的一家美國公司的汽車業(yè)分析家：An automobile analyst with an American firm in London一個做全球生意的權威：A global-business guru一個研究全球競爭的專家：An expert on global competition在布魯塞爾的美國商會歐盟事務所主任：Manager of EU affairs for the American Chamber of Commerce in Brussels“亞洲杯”排球邀

32、請賽的所有贊助單位：All the sponsors of the “Asian Cup” Volleyball Invitational Tourament美國首席器械制造廠家：Americas leading appliance maker個人計算機行業(yè)里的首腦公司：The leader in personal computer現行官方遠期匯率The prevailing official forward rate以外匯開具的發(fā)票Invoice billed in foreign currency國際商業(yè)交易中商品的定價The pricing of merchandise in an in

33、ternational business transaction與外匯交易緊密相關的問題Problems closely associated with foreign exchange transaction貨到后憑單付現款Cash against documents on arrival of goods結算應收賬款To settle accounts receivable銀行拒付通知Bank notice of dishonor預付現款Payment in advance以貿易賬戶方式出售Selling on open account以銀行間轉賬方式付款To make payment b

34、y bank transfer承擔一切信貸風險和境外風險To accept/bear all credit and cross-border risks做出有無追索權的決定To make a recourse or non-recourse decisionl Lesson1.二-3這些因素都直接關系到國際投資的流向(bearing)All these factors have a direct bearing on international investment flows4公司經理考慮了將冒的風險之后，決定在東道國再投資60萬美元（to allow for)After allowing

35、for risk, the corporate managers decided to make an additional investment of $600,000 in the host country.5為了進一步開發(fā)國外市場，很多公司已在國外設立了銷售部或者子公司（to tap)In order to further tap overseas markets, many companies have set up their foreign marketing divisions or subsidiaries6吸引外資發(fā)展國民經濟是非常重要的，這對發(fā)展中國家來說尤其如此（to b

36、e true of)It is imperative to acquire foreign funds to develop the national economy. This is particularly trueof the developing countries.7降低生產成本是決定建立海外生產設施的主要因素之一（to underlie)Reduction of production costs is one of the major factors that underlie the decision to set up overseas productive facilitie

37、s8產品質量的好壞，價格是否具有競爭力，對公司的成敗極為重要（to be of importance) Products of high quality and their competition prices are of great importance to the success or failure of a company.9他建議減價10%，以便擴大市場占有率，這一建議已納入公司的銷售計劃。（to incorporate） He suggests cutting down the price by 10% so as to enlarge the market share. Hi

38、s suggestion has been incorporated into the companys marketing plan.10全球化是確保產品成本最低，質量最高的最好方法。（to assure)Globalization is the best way to assure the highest quality product at the lowest cost.l Lesson23今年增長的銷售額足以抵消去年的損失This years rise in sales is more than enough to offset the loss last year.4隨著利率的提高

39、，預計基本建設開支很快將平定下來，不再增長了。With the rise of interest rate, spending on capital construction is expected to level off soon.5確切地說，這是一個我們應在價格上還是在產品上與三大巨頭競爭的問題。It is more a question of whether we should compete with the Big Three on price or on product.6聯邦預算赤字在1992財政年度達到高峰，在1994和1995財政年度里將再度下降。 The federal

40、budget deficit, which peaked in fiscal 1992, will decline again in 1994 and 1995. 7外貿赤字的增大意味著美國必須吸引更多的外資。The larger foreign trade deficit means that the U.S will have to attract more foreign capital.8鑒于拉美市場的混亂，目前對股票的走向看法不一。The stock is controversial at the moment, given the turmoil in Latin American

41、 markets.9墨西哥危機也阻礙了投資流入泰國，這不是壞事而是好事，因為政府不必進一步提高利率就可以控制住經濟。The crisis in Mexico has also dampened investment flows into Thailand, which is a blessing rather than a curse, since the government can keep the economy under control without raising interest rates further.10伴隨著經濟快速增長而來的是收入和消費的猛增而后者反過來又刺激經濟進

42、一步增長。 With the rapid economic growth comes a sharp increase in incomes and consumption, which in turn stimulates the economy to further grow.l Lesson3.政府已經采取了果斷措施使長達3年的過熱經濟降溫。The government has taken drastic measures to cool the 3-year-long over-heated economy當前經濟正接近全力運轉，幾乎可以肯定，國內生產總值的增長將放慢而不是加速。Rig

43、ht now the economy is operating close to full capacity, with GDP growth almost certain to slow down rather than accelerate.建筑業(yè)哪一部分對利率不太敏感，而更與公司利潤相關？Which sector of the construction industry is less interest rate sensitive but more corporate-profits related?非耐用消費品開支8年來第一次與收入同步增長。For the first time in

44、 8 years, spending on consumer nondurables has kept pace with the rise in income.許多住房建筑市場分析家爭辯說盡管提高了利率，建筑業(yè)總開支在年底前也不會下滑。 Many housing analysts reason that despite the rise in interest rates, overall spending on construction wont slide down before the end of the year.經濟衰退對美容業(yè)比對其他行業(yè)構成的威脅要小。The recessio

45、n posed less of a threat to the beauty industry than to other industries.世界范圍對高科技產品的需求在今后10年里將超過60個億。Worldwide demand for high-tech products would top $6 billion in the next decade 公司把生產成本降低了27%，使其成為利潤最高的公司之一The company lowered its production costs by 27%, making it one of the most profitable compan

46、iesl Lesson5.銀行業(yè)所受到的來自這兩方面的攻擊可能將導致它的最終衰落，這樣說可能有悖于人們的直覺It may seem counter-intuitive to say that the two-pronged assault on banking might be leading to its terminal decline銀行保留的準備金越多，銀行在一些借款人無力償還貸款時倒閉的可能性就越小The more capital a bank holds in reserve, the less likely its collapsing in the event of some

47、creditors being unable to pay off their loans.這項工程所需要的開支將比你所預算的大得多The project will entail much greater expenses than you have budgeted.你清楚投資海外可能帶來的風險嗎？Are you aware of the risk that investing abroad may entail?對一位公司的總裁來說，這都是些令人感到寬慰的想法，唯一不足之處是忽略了競爭對手越來越多這個現實These should be pretty consoling thought if

48、 you are president of a company. The only flaw in them is that they all overlook the reality of a growing array of competitors.什么導致美元連續(xù)不斷貶值？What lies behind this continuous depreciation of the US dollars?證券化進程遠遠超出了直接發(fā)行證券的范圍The process of securitization has gone well beyond the direct issuing of secu

49、rities.使事情更糟的是，銀行即使獲得了想要的法律和自由，也難免遭受來自非銀行金融機構的競爭What makes matters worse is that even if banks acquire the legal freedom they want, they would not be safe from the competition of non-banks.They predict that high interest rates, or a disastrous turn in the stock market, could bring many of the desert

50、ers scurrying back to the safety of bank deposits.他們預測高利率和股票市場的惡化能夠迫使那些背棄銀行的人蜂擁返回，把錢安全的存入銀行。At first only blue-chip companies could raise capital by issuing commercial paper, but the practice has moved inexorably down the credit spectrum, robbing banks of more and more of their best customers.開始只有藍股

51、公司能夠以發(fā)行商業(yè)股票的方式籌集資金，但這種做法已不可改變地擴展到了更大的信貸范圍，奪走了銀行更多的一流客戶。The one that has particularly damaged the position of banks is the process known as securitization. 特別是銀行地位遭到重大損害的是一種人們稱作證券化的做法。Often, they can be traded at will, enabling the holders of debt change their risk exposure as they please.這些證券常常可以自由買

52、賣，使債務持有人能夠隨意轉移其風險暴露。The more capital a bank holds, the bigger its safety cushion in the event of a creditor being unable to pay off a loan銀行持有的資本越多，銀行在債務人不能償還貸款時的安全系數就越大。l Lesson6我們以為下列船貨按5400美元保險額投保綜合險。We have taken out insurance for the following shipment against All Risks for the sum of US $5400保

53、險事宜由你方安排，但希望該或也報戰(zhàn)爭險。We leave the insurance arrangements to you but we wish to have the goods covered against warrisk as well由于你公司持有保險單，希望你公司能先付款，然后向保險公司索賠保險金額。As you hold the insurance policy, we should be grateful if you would make the payment first and then claim for the insured value on the insur

54、ance company.如發(fā)現預約保險單客戶故意不申報船貨，保險公司有權取消該保險單。If the open policy holder is found not to declare its shipment deliberately, the insurance company has the right to void the policy.如你方同意接受此費率，請告知船貨的詳細情況，以便我公司據此出具保險單。If you find the premium rate acceptable, please inform us of the details of your shipment

55、 so that we may issue the policy accordingly.漏損險是一種特別險別，需額外收保險費Leakage is a special risk, for which an extra premium will have to be charged我們對破損造成的損失不負賠償責任，你的保險單上沒有破損險。We are not liable for the loss caused by breakage, which is not an insured risk on your policy.保險公司拒絕理賠，因為所需文件補全，缺少提單原件。The insurance company refused to meet the claim as the required documents were incomplete, short of the original bill of lading.l Lesson7新興金融市場特別易受外界應響，當前墨西哥金融危機就是一個很好的例證。The current Mexican financial crisis is a good example of