介詞的用法總結(jié)

1、介詞的用法1. 表示地點(diǎn)位置的介詞1) at ,in, on, to , forat (1)表示在小地方;(2)表示 在附近，旁邊”in (1)表示 在大地方；(2)表示在范圍之內(nèi)”。on表示毗鄰，接壤， 在上面”。to表示在范圍外，不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否接壤；或 到”2) above, over, on在上above指在上方，不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否垂直，與 below相對(duì)；over指垂直的上方，與under相對(duì)，但over與物體有一定的空間，不直接接觸。 on表示某物體上面并與之接觸。The bird is flying above my head. There is a bridge over the river

2、.He put his watch on the desk.3) below, un der在下面under表示在正下方below 表示在下，不一定在正下方There is a cat un der the table.Please write your n ame below the line.4) i n fron t fra ntof, i n the front of 在前面in front of意思是在前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，兩者互不包括；其反義詞是behind (在的后面)。There are some flowers in front of the house.(房子前面有些花

3、卉。)in the front of意思是 在.的前部”，即甲物在乙物的內(nèi)部.反義詞是at the backof(在范圍內(nèi)的后部)。There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom.我們的教室前邊有一塊黑板。Our teacher sta nds in the front of the classroom.我們的老師站在教室前.(老師在教室里)5) beside ， behindbeside 表示在旁邊behind 表示在后面2. 表示時(shí)間的介詞1) in , on ，at 在時(shí)in表示較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，如世紀(jì)、朝代、時(shí)代、年、季節(jié)、月及一般(非特

4、指)的早、中、 晚等。如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in one ' s life , in one'等thirtieson表示具體某一天及其早、中、晚。女口 on May 1st, on Mon day, on New Year ' s Day, on a cold ni ght in Janu ary, on a fine morning, on Sun day after noon等。at表示某一時(shí)刻或較短暫的時(shí)間，或泛指圣誕

5、節(jié)，復(fù)活節(jié)等。如 at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beg inning of, at the end of,at the age ofat Christmas ， at night, at noon, at this moment 等。注意：在 last, next, this, that, some, every等詞之前一律不用介詞。如：We meetevery day.2）in, after 在之后“ in段時(shí)間”表示將來(lái)的一段時(shí)間以后；“after段時(shí)間"表示過(guò)去的一段時(shí)間以后；“after將來(lái)的時(shí)間點(diǎn)表示將來(lái)的某一時(shí)刻以后。3）fr

6、om, si nee自從from僅說(shuō)明什么時(shí)候開始，不說(shuō)明某動(dòng)作或情況持續(xù)多久；since表示某動(dòng)作或情況持續(xù)至說(shuō)話時(shí)刻，通常與完成時(shí)連用。since表示"自（某具體時(shí)間）以來(lái)"，常用作完成 時(shí)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。since liberation （1980 ）自從解放（1980 年）以來(lái) They have been close friends since childhood .他們從小就是好朋友。（1） since the war是指"自從戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束以來(lái)"，若指"自從戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)開始以來(lái)"，須說(shuō)"since the beginnin

7、g of the war"。（2）不要將since與after混淆。比較：He has worked here since 1965.（指一段時(shí)間，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間段）自從 1965年以來(lái)，他一直在這兒工作。He bega n to work here after 1965（指一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間點(diǎn)）從 1965年以后，他開始在這兒工作。4）after, behi nd在之后after主要用于表示時(shí)間；behind主要用于表示位置。時(shí)間名詞前介詞用法口訣年前周前要用in具體日子要用on 遇到幾號(hào)也用on上午下午得是in 要說(shuō)某日上下午 用on換in記清楚 午夜黃昏用at 黎明用它也不錯(cuò) at用

8、在時(shí)分前說(shuō)差”可要用上to 說(shuō)"過(guò)''要用past3. 表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的介詞：across, through 通過(guò)，穿過(guò)across表示橫過(guò),即從物體表面通過(guò)，與on有關(guān)，為二維 through穿過(guò),即從物體內(nèi)部穿過(guò)，與in有關(guān)，為三維。4. 表示 在之間”的介詞：表示 在之間”的介詞在英語(yǔ)中屬于 方位介詞，女口 in front of ，behind , on，in，near， under， upbetwee n, amongbetween指在兩個(gè)人或兩個(gè)事物之間；among指在三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物之間。5. 表示其他意義的介詞1）on ,about 關(guān)于on表示

9、這本書，這篇文章或演說(shuō)是嚴(yán)肅的，或?qū)W術(shù)性的，可供專門研究這一問(wèn)題的 人閱讀；about表示內(nèi)容較為普通，不那么正式。2）by, with, in表示方法、手段、工具by以方法、手段或泛指某種交通工具；with表示用 工具、手段，一般接具體的工具和手段； in表示用方式，用語(yǔ)言（語(yǔ)調(diào)、筆墨、顏色）等；3）except, besides除了except除之外，不包括在內(nèi);besides除之外，包括在內(nèi)。Except for Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.（王先生沒去）Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.

10、（王先生也去了）其它常用介詞介詞在英語(yǔ)詞匯中所占比例很小，但它們的用法卻非常靈活，復(fù)雜。下列為常用介詞及含義:1）about關(guān)于，附近，大約周圍，隨身.I have bought a book about Shakespearean.我買了一本有關(guān) 莎士比亞 的書。There are about fiftee n trees in the picture.大約有十五棵樹在圖片里。2）above 在上,高出，以上，超過(guò)，在.上游.The pla ne is flyi ng above the clouds.飛機(jī)在云上飛行。I think the man is above sixty years

11、old.我想那人有六十多歲了。3）across 橫過(guò)，對(duì)面,交叉,在.的對(duì)面.Can you swim across the river ?你能游過(guò)河嗎？We live across the street.我們住在街的對(duì)面。4）after在.后面,依照.He went home after school. 他放學(xué)后就回家了。Read after me, please. 請(qǐng)跟我朗讀。5）against撞到，靠著，反對(duì)，違背,The car hit aga inst the tree. 汽車撞了樹。He is sta nding aga inst the wall. 他靠墻站著。6）along 沿

12、著，順著.They are walk ing along the river. 他們沿著河行走。7）among 在.當(dāng)中.（三者或三者以上He is the tallest amo ng them. 他是他們當(dāng)中個(gè)子最高的。8）around 在.的周圍，在那一邊.They sat around the table talk ing the n ews.他們繞桌而坐談?wù)撔侣?。There is a drugstore around the corner.拐角處有一家藥店。9）as作為.He does n't like people treat him as a child.他不喜歡人們把他

13、當(dāng)小孩子對(duì)待。10）at在.時(shí)刻，在.點(diǎn)鐘，在歲時(shí)，向，在.之中，按.速度，值（賣）.錢，在.（強(qiáng) 調(diào)地點(diǎn)He always gets up at six in the morning.他時(shí)常早上六點(diǎn)鐘起床。He shot at the bird but missed it. 他向鳥射擊，但是沒射中。The car goes at eighty miles an hour.汽車以每小時(shí)八十公里的速度行駛。11）before在.的前面（位置）,在.之前（時(shí)間）He took a picture before the car.他在汽車前照了張照片。He can't finish his w

14、ork before supper.晚飯前他完不成工作。12）behind 在.的后面（位置）,落后于，不如4 ） after在.后面,依照，Are there any brooms beh ind the door. 門后有掃帚嗎？All of us are behi nd him in mathematics. 我們數(shù)學(xué)都不如他。13）below 在.之下，低于,There are four lights below the ceili ng.天花板下面有四盞燈。The murderer run away below the police's eyes.殺人犯從警察眼皮底下跑了。1

15、4）beside在.的旁邊，在.之外，與.相比.He found the body beside the river.他在河邊發(fā)現(xiàn)了尸體。Beside yours , my computer is too slow.與你的計(jì)算機(jī)速度相比，我的就慢多了。15) besides 除.之外，還有.We are all here besides Bowe.除鮑外，我們也都來(lái)了。16) between 在兩者之間，He sits betwee n you and me. 他坐在你我之間。17) beyond 在那邊,The shop you are look ing for is bey ond the

16、 street, you can't miss it. 你要找的商店 在街的那邊，你不會(huì)找不到的。18) but 除去.He has nothi ng but mon ey.他除錢以外什么都沒有。19) by被.，在.的近旁，在.之前，不遲于，以為手段。The classroom was clea ned by the stude nts.教室由學(xué)生們打掃干凈了。Miss Lucy came to China by air. 露西小姐是乘飛機(jī)來(lái) 中國(guó)的。20) down沿著.望下。She walked dow n the street. 她沿著街道走。21) during 在期間，在.

17、時(shí)候。During the holiday, we went to the south.我們假期去了南方。22) except 除.之外。He kn ows nothi ng except En glish.他除英語(yǔ)以外什么都不知道。23) for 為.,因?yàn)?,至于.。He works for this compa ny. 他為這家公司工作。She came back to the classroom for she had left her books in the classroom. 她返 回到教室是因?yàn)榘褧粼诹四抢铩?4) from 從.,來(lái)自.，因?yàn)?。Where are you

18、 from? 你是哪里人？He died from an accide nt. 他死于一場(chǎng)事故。25) in在.,在.之內(nèi)，從事于.,按照.,穿著.。He was born in 1992.他生于 1992 年。I could fin ish the program in two weeks.我可以用兩周時(shí)間完成這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。He spe nd less time in readi ng. 他讀書時(shí)間很少。The man in black jacket is our teacher.穿黑夾克的那個(gè)人是我們的老師。26) like 象.，如同.。The twi ns are like their f

19、ather. 雙胞胎像他們的父親。27) near 靠近.。There are some flowers n ear the house.房子附近有一些花。28) of .的，屬于.。This is a map of China.這是一張中國(guó)地圖。29) off離開.，在.之外。The young man got off the train quickly.那個(gè)年青人很快下了火車。I live in a village a little way off the ma in road.我住在離大路不遠(yuǎn)的一個(gè)村莊里。30) on在.之上。My book is on the table.我的書在桌子

20、上。31) out of 從.出來(lái)，在.之外。The dog run out of the house. 狗從房子里跑出來(lái)。32) outside . 外邊.They are waiting outside the gate. 他們?cè)陂T夕卜等著。33) over 在.之上，遍于.之上，越過(guò).。There is a light over the desk. 桌子上方有盞燈。He is over sixty years old. 他有六十多歲。34) past 越過(guò).，過(guò).，超越.。The stude nts walked past the post office.學(xué)生們走過(guò)了郵局。It is t

21、en past two. 現(xiàn)在是兩點(diǎn)十分。35) round 圍著.，繞過(guò).，在.周圍。We sat round the table.我們圍著桌子坐下。The earth goes round the sun. 地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。36) si nee 自.以后，自.以來(lái)。He has made great progress in En glish si nee he came into the college.從他來(lái)至 U大學(xué)后，他的英語(yǔ)有了很大進(jìn)步。37) through 經(jīng)過(guò).，穿過(guò).。(立體層面)They went through the forest. 他們穿過(guò)了森林。38) throu

22、ghout 遍及.，在各處。The police searched for the crim inal throughout the moun tai n.警察搜山尋找犯人。39) till直到.，在.以前。He did n't come back till eleve n o'clock.他直至 U點(diǎn)鐘才回來(lái)。We'll be home till six.六點(diǎn)以前我們都會(huì)在家。40) to 到.，向.，趨于。How long is it from here to the stati on?從這兒至 U車站有多遠(yuǎn)？41) under在.之下，低于。There are s

23、ome footballs un der the bed.床底下有幾顆足球。These stude nts are un der seve ntee n years old.這些學(xué)生們不至 U十七歲。42) until直到，在.以前，Please wait for us un til we come back. 請(qǐng)等著我們回來(lái)。It was not un til last week that I han ded in mathematics paper.直至 U上周我才交了數(shù)學(xué)論文。43) up在.上面，在.上。He went up the stairs. 他上了樓梯。44) upon 在.之

24、上，迫近.。It's n ot polite to look dow n upo n him.蔑視他是不禮貌的。45) within 在.之內(nèi)。You must fin ish the work within two weeks.你必須兩周內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作。46) without 沒有，不，在.之外。We can't do it better without your help.沒有你的幫助，我們就做不好。We could n't live without air and water.沒有空氣和水，我們就不可能生存。（A）In the world ,soccer of f

25、ootball is the most popular sport. This is because many countries have won derful teams for the World Cup. The World Cup is held every four years.To remember 2002 FIFA World Cup ,childre n from differe nt coun tries and more tha n 60 childre n from Japa nese schools came together and spe nt three we

26、eke nds draw ing a big picture called“ Dre夢(mèng)n幻） World Cups ” in Japan .The children drew animals, flowersand people play ing soccer un der a bule bright sky. They wished each football team good luck by drawing the flags（ 旗幟）of all the countries that will take part in the World Cup in Japa n and South

27、 Korea.The picture was put up in a park n ear a playgro und inYokohama .Some football teams will have games there.Are you a football fan（ 迷）? The World Cup makeds more and more people interested in football Teenagers（ 青少年）like playing and watching football .Many of them love some football stars so m

28、uch that they get the pictures of their favourite players on the walls of their rooms. That is the way to show their love for the World Cup as childre n in Japa n.1. If a country wants to take part in the World Cup ,she must have.A. Many football fans B. a very good team C. many football player D. a

29、 big playground2. The next World Cup will be held in.A. 2006 B. 2007 C. 2005 D. 20043. From the passage ,in the picture childre n drew many things except.A. people play ing football B. pictures of some football stars C. a sunny sky D. flowers4. In “ Dream World Cup ” ,the children drew theags of som

30、e countries. </P< p>A. to show their love for their owe countryB. to tell the people their storiesC. to show their good wishes for the football teamsD. to show their new ideas about football5. Ma ny tee nagers owe the pictures of some football stars because.A. they are in terested in footba

31、ll B. they are football fansC. they think their favourite players are great D. all of A,B and C（B）In 1826, a Fren chma n n amed Niepce n eeded pictures for his bus in ess .But he was not a good artis .So he inven ted a very simple camera （ 照相機(jī)）.He put it in a window of his house and took a picture o

32、f hia garde n .That was the first photo.The next important date in the history of photography （ 攝影術(shù)）was in 1837. That year, Daguere, ano ther Fren chma n ,took a picture of his readi ng room .He used a new ki nd of camera in a differe nt way .In his picture you could see everythi ng very clearly ,ev

33、e n the smallest thing. This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype.Soon, other people began to use Daguerre ' s way. Travelers brought back wonderful photos from all around the world .people took picture of famous buildi ngs, cities and mountains.In about 1840, photography was developed .The

34、n photographers could take picture of people and moving thi ngs .That was not simple .The photographers had to carry a lot of film and other mach in es. But this did not stop them ,for example, some in the Un ited States worked so hard.Mathew Brady was a famous America n photographers. He took many

35、picture of gread people .The picture were unusual beause they were very lifelike（栩栩如生的）Photographers also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th cen tury .Some photod were nor just cooies of the real world .They showed and feeli ngs,like other kinds of art.6. The first photo take n by Niepce

36、was a picturte ofA. his bus in ess B. his house C. his garde n D. his window7. The Daguerrotype was. </P< p>A. Fren chma n B. a kind of picture C. a kind of camera D. a photographer8. If a photographer wan ted to take pictures of moving things in the year of 1840j, he hadto.A. watch lots of

37、 films B. buy an expe nsive cameraC. stop in most cities D. take many films and someth ing else with him.9. Mathew Brady.A. was very lifelike B. was famous for his unu sual picturesC. was quite strong D. took many pictures of moving people10. This passage tells us.A. how photography was developed B.

38、 how to show your ideas and feeli ngs in picturesC. how to take pictures in the world D. how to use differe nt cameras（C）America ns with small families own a small car or a large on e. If both pare nts are work ing, they usually have two cars. When the family is large, one of the cars is sold and th

39、ey will buy a van（住房汽車）A small car can hold（ 容纟納）four pers ons and a large car can hold six pers ons but it is very crowded（擁擠）.A van hold seven persons easily, so a family three children could ask their gran dpare nts to go on a holiday travel They could all travel together.Mr.Hage n and his wife h

40、ad a third child last year. This made them sell a sec ond car and bus a van. Their childre n sixth and seve nth seat are used to put other thin gs, for a family of five must carry many suitcases（ 衣箱）whe n they travel. When they arrive at their grandparents ' home , the suitcases are brought into

41、 the two seats can then carry the gran dpare nts.America ns call vans motor homes. A motor home is always used for holidays. When a family are traveli ng to the mountains or to the seaside, they can live in their motor home for a few days or to the seaside, they can live in their motor home for a fe

42、w days or weeks. All the members of a big family can enjoy a happier life whe n they are traveli ng together. That is why motor homes have become very popular. I n America there are many parks for motor homes.11. From the passage, a van is also called.A. a motor car B. a motor home C. a motorbike D.

43、 a big truck12. Before Mr. Hage n and his wife bought a van, they.A. sold their old house B. moved to their gran dpare nts' houseC. built a new place for a van D. sold their sec ond car13. A motor home is usually owned by a family with.A. a baby B. much money C. more tha n two childre n D. i nte

44、rest in vans14. America ns usually use motor homer.A. to travel with all the family members of holidayB. to do some shopping with all the family membersC. to visit their gra ndpare nts at weeke ndsD. to drive their childre n to school every day15. Motor homes have become popular because.A. they can

45、take people to ano ther city when people are freeB. they can let families have a happier life when they go out for their holidaysC. some people think motor homes are cheapD. big families can put more things in motor homes（D）Surtsey was born in 1963.Scie ntists saw the birth of this isla nd. It bega

46、n at 7.30 a.m. on14th November. A fish ing boat was n ear Icela nd. The boat moved un der the capta in's（船長(zhǎng)）feet. He noticed a strange smell. He saw some black smoke. A volcano（火山） wasbreaking out. Red-hot rocks, fire and smoke were rushing up from the bottom（底部）of thesea. The isla nd grew quick

47、ly. It was 10 meters high the n ext day and 60 meters high on18th November. Scientists flew there to watch. It was exciting. Smoke and fire were still rushi ng up. Pieces of red-hot rock were flying into the air and falli ng into the sea. The sea was boili ng and there was a stra nge light i n the s

48、ky. Surtsey grew and grew. Then it stopped in June 1967 .It was 175 meters high and 2 kilometers long. And life was already coming to Surtsey. Plants grew. Birds came. Some scientists built a house. They want to learn about this young isla nd. A new isla nd is like a new world.16. Surtsey is.A. an i

49、sland not far from Iceland B. a new volcanoC. a fish ing boat D. a place in Icela nd17. Scien tists flew there.A. to watch the birth of the isla nd B. to save the fish ing boatC. to lear n about the isla nd D. to build a house18. When did scie ntist fly there to watch?A. Before the volca no broke ou

50、t. B. As soon as the volca no broke out.C. About four days after the volca no broke out. D. After the volca no stopped rush ing up.19. Put the following sentences in correct order.a. The capta in found the boat was moving. b. A new isla nd appeared in the sea.c. Fire, smoke and rocks were see n rush

51、 ing up. d. A fish ing boat was n ear Icela nd.e. The isla nd grew quickly.A. d-a-c-b-e B. a-b-c-d-e C .a-b-e-c-d D. b-e-d-a-c20. The best title of this article is.A. A new isla nd B. The birth of an isla ndC. A new world D. Scien tists discovered Surtsey（E）On Nov.18th,1908,three men went up in a ba

52、llo on（氣球）.They started early in London.The headma n was Augusta Gaudr on, and the other two men were Tannar and Maitla nd.They had a big ballo on and they were ready for a long way.Soon they heard the sea. They were carry ing the usual rope（繩子），and it was hangingdow n from the basket of the ballo on. At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. This could hold water, or it could be empty. So they were able to cha nge its weight（重量）.Itwas for use over the sea. They were also carry ing some bags of sand.After the sun rose, the balloon went higher. It went up t