現(xiàn)在完成時講解練習答案

1、專題 動詞的時態(tài)：主講現(xiàn)在完成時cCJ知積梳更）一、一般現(xiàn)在時：概念：經(jīng)常、反復發(fā)生的動作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況或是客觀存在。時間狀語：ofte n, usually,always,sometimes,every week（day,year,m onth），once a week, on Sun days,基本結(jié)構(gòu)： 主 +be 動詞 am/is/are+ 表語 I am a boy He is a boy You are a boy 主 + 動詞原形或三單 + 賓語 I like swimmi ng He likes swimmi ngYou like swimmi ng需要你注意的是無論何

2、時何地，第三人稱單數(shù)做主語，動詞要變化（三+單）練習：語法概念：主語是第一人稱單數(shù)，動詞（要/不要）變化語法概主語是第二人稱單數(shù)，動詞（要/不要）變化語法概念:主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，動詞（要/不要）變化語法概念:主語是第一人稱復數(shù)，動詞（要/不要）變化語法概念:主語是第三人稱復數(shù)，動詞（要/不要）變化用go的適當形式填空I usuallyto school by bus. We usuallyto school by bus.You usuallyto school by bus. He usuallyto school by bus.They usuallyto school by bus.

3、Does he usuallyto school by bus?二、一般過去時概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。時間狀語：ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week(year, ni ght,m on th.),in 1989,just no w,at the age of 5,one day,lo ng long ago ,once upon a time,基本結(jié)構(gòu)： 主 +be 過去式 was/were+表I was a student 10 years agoYou were a student 10 years ago

4、主 + 行為動詞過去式 + 賓語 I played computer games yesterday I did my homework just now 動詞的過去式一定要記全，這是基本練習：寫出下列動詞的過去式build choose bring buy feel hearsleep_keep_think_leave_throw_ _ put_1. Paul ant I tennis yesterday. He did much better tha n I.A. play B. will play C. played D. are play ing2. What did youfor d

5、inner last ni ght.A. eats B. eati ngC. eat D. ate3. He fell dow n andinjured yesterday.A. get B. got C. gets D. gett ing4. Iand told my mother that Iby somebody.A. cry; hit B. cried; was hit C. cries; was hit D. cried; hit三、現(xiàn)在進行時概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。時間狀語：no w,at this time,these days,其他提示詞：look, li

6、ste n基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主+be ( am/is/are) +ving 賓語 I am doing my homework. They are doing their homework 注意某些動詞要去 e (大部分e不發(fā)音)某些動詞要雙寫最后的字母(重讀閉音節(jié)+輔元輔)練習：語法概念：用be的正確形式填空I He She You They We Boy Boys1. Jack iswith Jim .They are good.A. running friend; B. running; frien ds; C. running friends D. run; friends2. The chi

7、ldren areTV .A. watch B. see ing C. watch ing D. readi ng3. Look, the boy(run) fast4. What are you doing?I(do) my homework.5. he doing his homework now?6. the stude nts; prepare for; an En glish test; now; (.)7. 我在看電視呢，沒時間，一邊兒去。 四、一般將來時概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準備做某事。時間狀語： tomorrow, n ext day(week, m

8、on th, year ),so on, the day after tomorrow基本結(jié)構(gòu)： 主 +be going to + do+ 賓語 I am going to do my homework 主 +will+ do+ 賓語I will do my homework注意不要看到 be going就以為是現(xiàn)在進行時；不存在 will be going to這種說法 練習：1. Where are you going this Sun day?A. I go to the park. B. I will go to the park. C. I going to the park D.

9、I will be going to the park2. 明天我要去北京。 3. I; go; America; tomorrow;(.)每種時態(tài)寫出一句疑問句和否定句上面時我們小學就學過的，沒學好的自己檢討時態(tài)的基本框架時態(tài)現(xiàn)在時過去時將來時過去將來時一般一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時一般將來時過去將來時進行現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時將來進行時過去將來進行時完成現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時將來完成時過去將來完成時完成進行現(xiàn)在完成進行時過去完成進行時將來完成進行時過去將來完成進行時過去將來時概念:立足于過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。He said he would go to Beiji ng th

10、e n ext day.The report said that the film star would come to Henan n ext Sun day.過去進行時概念:表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發(fā)生或進仃的仃為或動作。When he came in, 1 was readi ng a n ewspaper.At that time she was working in a PLA unit.將來進行時概念:表示將來某一時間正在進行的動作，或表示要在將來某一時間開始，并 繼續(xù)下去的動作。常用來表示詢問、請求等。This time next day they will be sitt

11、ing in the cinema.He won' be coming to the party現(xiàn)在完成時概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開 始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。I've written an article.The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.過去完成時概念：以過去某個時間為標準，在此以前發(fā)生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即“過去的過去”。As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.H

12、e said that he had fini shed the homework.現(xiàn)在完成進行時:表示從過去某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作。這一動作可能剛剛開始，也可能仍在繼續(xù)，并可能延續(xù)到將來。I have bee n sitt ing here for an hour.The childre n have bee n watch ing TV since six o'clock.現(xiàn)在完成時概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到 現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。初二上冊 Unit5 中的英英解釋：We use the present perfect te

13、nse to talk about things thathappened in the past but have a connection to the present in some way.發(fā)生在過去的事情和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系需要與之作出最大區(qū)分的一個時態(tài)就是過去時過去時表示過去的一個動作，而且通常含有“過去時，而現(xiàn)在不是的”的含義。比如，我以 前是一名學生。我以前是做翻譯的。I was a student. I was a translator.這種用一般過去時表示 的就是以前是怎么的，但是現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不是了?，F(xiàn)在完成時 表示過去的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，以前是這樣，現(xiàn)在還是這樣。還可以表示過去的動作對

14、現(xiàn)在造成的影響。I have had lunch.我吃過午餐了，隱含意思現(xiàn)在不餓；I have watered the flowers.我已經(jīng)澆過花了，隱含意思你不需要再澆水了。再次對比過去時和完成時所表達的意思I have watered the flowers.我已經(jīng)澆過花了。宀 不用繼續(xù)澆水了t只是說明我早上干了啥I watered the flowers.我澆過花了?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)肯定句：主+have動詞過去分詞 +賓語否定句：主+have動詞過去分詞 +賓語疑問句：Have +主語+動詞過去分詞 +賓語I have fini shed my homework.I have n 'f

15、i ni shed my homework.Have you fini shed your homework?主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的時候，have改成has動詞的過去分詞要記全，這是基礎，過去分詞跟過去式一樣重要 什么情況下需要用到現(xiàn)在完成時？1. 有明顯的提示詞與我們之前學過的時態(tài)一樣，過去時可能會出現(xiàn)yesterday, last;現(xiàn)在進行時可能會出現(xiàn)now,look ;將來時可能會出現(xiàn) tomorrow, next ;一般現(xiàn)在時可能會出現(xiàn)usually, often。現(xiàn)在完成時有時也有提示詞，如already, yet, ever, never, before,for+時間段，since+

16、寸間點I have already bee n to Guan gzhou three times.我已經(jīng)去過廣州三次了。I haven'finished my job yet.我還沒做完我的工作呢。I have never seen this kind of bird before.我從來都沒有見過這種鳥。Have you ever visited the Summer Palace?你參觀過頤和園嗎。He has been in Beijing for ten years.他已經(jīng)在北京呆了 10 年了。Ben has never slept since last night Ben

17、 自從昨晚就沒睡過覺。2. 語境He is not the most famous inven tor in the world. However, his inven tio n has cha nged our lives.I can travel to any places because I have bought a car.基礎選擇題1. I a letter from him since he left .A. did n't receive B . have n't got C . did n't have D . have n't heard2

18、. You've never seen such a wonderful film before , ?A . have n't you B . have you C . do you D . don't you3. It has been ten yearsI last saw her.A. after B. since C. for D. that4. -Who will go to the stati on to meet Lorry? -I will. Iher several times.A. met B. have met C. had met D. wil

19、l meet5. Have you met Mr. Li ?A. just B. ago C.beforeD.a mome nt ago6. Zhao Lanalready in this school for two years .A. was; study ing B. will; study C. has; studied D. are; study ing答案：7. WeXiao Li since she was a little girl .BBBBCA. kn owB. had known C. have known D. knewCCBB8. Harry Potter is a

20、very n ice film. Iit twice .由第九題引A. will see B. have see nC. saw D.see入難點9. -you ever to the US? - Yes, twice.!A. Have, gone B. Have, bee n C, Do, go D. were, going-已經(jīng)完成的動作：過去所做的事情對現(xiàn)在造成一定的影響現(xiàn)在完成時的難點 T還未完成的動作：過去所做的事情一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在1 現(xiàn)在完成時的”完成用法”現(xiàn)在完成時的”完成用法”指的是動作發(fā)生在過去某一時刻并已結(jié)束，但該動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響，與現(xiàn)在情況具有因果關系。例如：He ha

21、s turned off the light.他已把燈關了。（動作結(jié)束于過去，說明了是現(xiàn)在的情況-燈現(xiàn)在不亮了。）現(xiàn)在完成時”完成用法”的特點是動作不延續(xù)，即瞬間動詞，因此，該時態(tài)只能與表示不定的過去時間狀語（如：already，yet，before，recently 等）、頻度時間狀語（如：never，ever，once 等）、包括現(xiàn)在時刻在內(nèi)的時間狀語（如：this morni ng / mon th / year., today等）連用。例如：Have you found your pen yet ?你已找到你的鋼筆了嗎？2. 現(xiàn)在完成時的"未完成用法”現(xiàn)在完成時的”未完成用法

22、”指的是動作開始于過去某一時刻，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去。例如：He has lived here si nee 1978.自從1978年以來，他一直住在這兒。（動作起始于 1978年，一直住到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。）I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部隊已經(jīng)呆了五年多了。（動作開始于5年前， 一直延續(xù)至今，有可能還要繼續(xù)下去。）此種用法的句中常需一個表示一段時間的狀語（由since或for引導）,或表示與現(xiàn)在時刻相連的時間狀語（如：up to now , so far到目前為止）等。例如：I have heard n

23、othing from him up to now.到目前為止我沒有他的任何消息。注意：現(xiàn)在完成時的未完成用法只適用于延續(xù)性動詞，不可用于終止性動詞，即瞬間完成或延續(xù)時間很短的動詞。3. 延續(xù)性動詞和瞬間性動詞的概念英語中，動詞按其動作發(fā)生的方式、動作發(fā)生過程的長短，可分為延續(xù)性動詞 和瞬間性動詞。延續(xù)性動詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動作，這種動作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響。女口： learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay 等。 瞬間性動詞也稱非延續(xù)性動詞、瞬間動詞

24、或短暫性動詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動作，這種動作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如 open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy 等。 It rained at eight yesterday morning.（誤）rain 為延續(xù)性動詞，而at eight 表示"點時間"。上句可改為： It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.（正）I have borrowed the book for 2 mon ths.（誤）borro

25、w是"借”不能做借這個動作做了2個月吧I have kept the book for 2months.（正）換成keep這個動詞，保持，借到手了就拿了2個月-Whe n did you get to know Jack? -Two years ago.-The n you've known each other for more tha n two years. -That's right.附加延遲動詞與瞬間動詞轉(zhuǎn)換表（部分）：注意be的作用很大瞬間動詞延續(xù)動詞瞬間動詞延續(xù)動詞put onwearendbe overbuyhavejoinbe inborrowkee

26、pgo therebe therebecomebeget to/arrive/reachbe indiebe deadcome backbe backmove tolive incatch a coldhave a coldHis father has died.die：死亡，這個動作做完就沒了，后面不能加延續(xù)的時間His father has bee n dead for three years.be dead :是死的，描述一種狀態(tài)，持續(xù)三年She has joined the Party/Leaguejoin :加入，加入之后就不需要繼續(xù)做加入這個動作了She has bee n in

27、the Party/ League for two mon ths 在黨兩個月，一種持續(xù)動作She has bee n a Party/ League member for two mon ths.是一名成員了，一種持續(xù)動作The film has started/begu n.start：開始開始之后就進入內(nèi)容了，動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束The film has been on/ lasted since 5 minutes ago. last:持續(xù)電影播放了 5 分，持續(xù)了 5 分1. What a nice dress! How longyouit?-Just 2 weeks.A. will, bu

28、y B. did, buyC. are, havi ngD. have, had2. Do you know Lydia very well?-Yes, She and Ifriends since we were very young.A. have made B. have become C. have bee n D. have turned3. Ithe book for more tha n 3 days.A. le ntB. have lentC. have borrowedD. have kept現(xiàn)在完成時的其中一個?？键chave bee n to去過以前去過某地，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那

29、了，后常接次數(shù)have gone to去了現(xiàn)在到了某地，人還在那里待著have bee n in在在某地呆了多長時間，后常接時間段I have bee n to Beiji ng ten year ago.I have bee n to Shan ghai twice.My father has gone to London, he is not here.He has gone to America.I have bee n in Guan gzhou for six years.We have bee n in China for more tha n a year.1. -you eve

30、rto the US? - Yes, twice.A. Have, gone B. Have, bee n C, Do, goD. were, going2. IShan ghai for three yearsA. have bee n to B. have bee n in C. have gone to D. have gone in3. BenShan ghai twice.A. has bee n in B. has bee n to C. has gone to D. have gone to總結(jié)主要考點：1. 考察現(xiàn)在完成時的結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has +動詞的過去分詞2. 考察其用

31、法和標志詞：already/ever/yet/for+時間段/since+時間點3. 考察延續(xù)性動詞和瞬間動詞。鞏固提高一.用單詞的適當形式填空I. 1already(see) the film. I(see) it last week.2. he(fin ish) his work today? Not yet.3. My fatherjust(come) back from work. He is tired now.4. Where' Li Ming ? He(go) to the teacher bfSce.5. I(work) here since I(move) here

32、in 1999.6. So far I(make) quite a few friends here.7. How longBen(stay) here ? For two weeks.8. Ijust(fin ish) my homework.9. He(go) to school on foot every day.10. you(find) your scie nee book yet?II. If it(be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.12. The stude nts(read) En glish whe n the teacher c

33、ame in.13. Look! The mon key(climb) the tree.14. My mother(come) to see me n ext Sun day.15. I've lost my pen.you(see) it any where?1 have see n was 2 has fini shed 3 has come 4 has gone 5 have worked moved6 have made 7 has stayed 8 have fini shed 9 goes 10 have found 11 is12 was readi ng 13 is climb ing 14 will come 15 Did see二改寫句子1. I have been to Macau before.(改為否定句)Ibee n to Macau before.2. He hasn' t come to school because he was ill.(就劃線部分提問)he come to school?3. I