矩陣編碼器論文超小型矩陣編碼器的研究

1、矩陣編碼器論文：超小型矩陣編碼器的研究【中文摘要】光電編碼器是一種角位移測量裝置,它利用光電轉(zhuǎn)換原理,將光信號轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的電脈沖或數(shù)字量,從而定量輸出角度值,具有體積小,精度高,工作可靠等優(yōu)點。由于我國載人航天事業(yè)的發(fā)展,對輕型編碼器的需求量不斷增加,編碼器向高精度、超小體積和智能化方向發(fā)展。但是,受傳統(tǒng)編碼器碼盤刻劃工藝和編碼方法的限制,編碼器的超小體積和高分辨力是一對不可調(diào)和的矛盾,而現(xiàn)有的超小型編碼器都是通過在一定程度上降低編碼器的精度來實現(xiàn)的。針對目前這種情況,提出了一種新型編碼器超小型絕對式矩陣編碼器。本文首先對絕對式光電編碼器的編碼原理進行了分析,采用格雷碼的編碼機制,提出了一種新

2、型的矩陣編碼方式,即通過刻劃兩圈矩陣碼道進行12位矩陣編碼,實現(xiàn)了編碼器體積的超小化,其體積約為30mm15mm;并提出了增加光電讀數(shù)頭,以提高光學信號利用率的方法,實現(xiàn)了從循環(huán)二進制碼到自然二進制碼的轉(zhuǎn)換。其次,對超小型矩陣編碼器的精碼校正方法、細分方法和辨向方法進行了分析,提出了可行性方案,并在仿真電路中得以驗證。然后,對基于FPGA的數(shù)字譯碼系統(tǒng)進行了設(shè)計,通過器件選型和外圍擴展電路設(shè)計,構(gòu)建起基于FPGA的信號處理系統(tǒng)。通過FPGA的內(nèi)部模塊設(shè)計,實現(xiàn)了數(shù)字譯碼、FIFO (First Input First Output)和串口輸出等功能。最后,對編碼器的測量誤差進行了分析,并進行了

3、實驗,實驗表明編碼器分辨率達到了22位,精度達到了0.8”,實驗數(shù)據(jù)與理論分析計算相符,達到了設(shè)計要求。該編碼器突破了傳統(tǒng)格雷碼道的局限性,實現(xiàn)了矩陣編碼器的超小化和高精密度測量,滿足了航空航天、軍事和納米技術(shù)等特種行業(yè)對超小型編碼器的需求?！居⑽恼縊ptical encoder is a kind of device used to measure the angular displacement; it converted the optical signal into electric pulse or digital quantity to achieve the angle ou

4、tput quantificationally. The encoder offered significant advantages over small cubage, high precision and reliable operation. Due to the requirement of light-duty encoder in manned space flight, the trend requires that encoder satisfies high-precision, super mini cubage and intelligentizing characte

5、ristic. However, the super mini cubage and high-precision is a pair of irreconcilable conflict under traditional reticle craftwork and encoding method. Therefore, current super miniaturization encoder was achieved by reducing the precision of encoder. To solve this problem, a new-style absolute matr

6、ix encoder was presented in the paper.First of all, the encoding principle of absolute optical encoder was analyzed, and the Gray code was adopted for encoding. A new-style matrix encoder was presented which carried out 12-bit matrix encoding by reticling two circles, so the cubage is super-small an

7、d it can reach30mm15mm. The decoding method was achieved by increasing the number of photodiode and improving the utilization factor of optical signal.Secondly, the issues about correction method of precise code、subdivision method and direction identification were analyzed, and a feasible scheme was

8、 produced, eventually it was validated in the simulation circuit.Then the digital decoding system based on FPGA was designed, the signal processing system was constructed by selecting the chip and designing the exterior circuit. The inner module of PFGA actualized digital decode, first input first o

9、utput, serial port output and etc.Eventually, the measuring error of encoder was analyzed, the experiment showed that the resolution can reach 22-bit, and measuring precision can reach 0.8”, the experiment data accords with theoretical calculation, it can satisfy the design requirement. The encoder

10、breaks through the limitations of traditional gray code, and accomplishes the super miniaturization and high-precision, so it can satisfy the demands of manned space flight、military and nano technology to super miniaturization encoder.【關(guān)鍵詞】矩陣編碼器 矩陣譯碼 超小型編碼器 FPGA 細分 辨向【英文關(guān)鍵詞】matrix encoder matrix cod

11、ing super miniaturization encoder FPGA subdivision direction identification【目錄】超小型矩陣編碼器的研究摘要4-5ABSTRACT5目錄6-7第一章 緒論7-121.1 光電編碼器概述7-91.2 編碼器的國內(nèi)外發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀91.3 研究本課題的目的和意義9-101.4 本課題的研究內(nèi)容10-12第二章 超小型編碼器總體方案設(shè)計12-322.1 系統(tǒng)總體方案12-132.2 編碼器編碼方法設(shè)計13-222.3 編碼器譯碼原理22-252.4 MATLAB仿真分析252.5 精碼校正方法25-282.6 細分方法28-302.7 辨向原理30-32第