高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)?？伎键c(diǎn)歸納

1、高三英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)資料之短文改錯(cuò)歸納短文改錯(cuò)錯(cuò)誤類型:(一) 詞法的測(cè)試1.名詞：主要是查名詞是否可數(shù)，與其修飾語(yǔ)是否一致。eg: 1) I have many hobby, such as football, sing, listen music.    Hobby是可數(shù)名詞，在這要用復(fù)數(shù)形式；playing football是一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，football只是一種球； sing和listen to 要用動(dòng)名詞形式。   2) Do exercisesdo good to our healthy. exercise作運(yùn)動(dòng)講是不可數(shù)名詞，do exerc

2、ise作主語(yǔ)要用動(dòng)名詞形式，謂動(dòng)用單數(shù)；healthy是形容詞， 這里要用名詞形式。   3) Reading books is one of my hobby.     one of 后的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。2. 代詞：對(duì)于短文中出現(xiàn)的每一個(gè)代詞都要查一下它所指代的內(nèi)容及在句中的作用，注意其數(shù)、格、詞性是否正確和前后是否一致，常考的代詞包括人稱代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、關(guān)系代詞及疑問(wèn)代詞等。1).He drove too fast, and the police stopped her.前面提到的是he而后面卻用her來(lái)代，故應(yīng)將he

3、r改為him. 2).This is the best film which I have ever seen.    先行詞前有最高級(jí)修飾應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that 而不是which。3. 冠詞：英語(yǔ)中只有三個(gè)冠詞，但用起來(lái)卻很復(fù)雜，在短文改錯(cuò)中，錯(cuò)誤不外乎該用冠詞時(shí)沒(méi)有用，不該用時(shí)卻用了；該用an用了a，該用a(n)卻用了the.1) I meant to write letter and tell you all the thingsletter為可數(shù)名詞,故write后應(yīng)加a.       2

4、) I like playing the football.  去the         3) He is a honest boy.    a改為an4. 介詞：檢查介詞主要是查介詞與動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞的搭配，介詞慣用詞組等是否正確。1) I am writing to thank you with your kind help. thank sb. for sth.為固定搭配，故應(yīng)將with 改為for.2) Im the happiest in all.此句想表達(dá)的意思

5、是“我是所有人中最高興的”。故應(yīng)將in改為 of.     3) Under the help of my father, I       under  改為 with     4) He went to Beijing in next Sunday.   in 改為on5.     形容詞、副詞：形容詞、副詞的誤用主要指在該用形容詞的地方用了副詞，該用副詞的地方用了形容詞。改錯(cuò)行中出現(xiàn)形容詞或副

6、詞時(shí)就要仔細(xì)分析該形容詞或副詞修飾什么，形式是否正確，是原級(jí)、比較級(jí)還是最高級(jí)。形容詞、副詞誤用也是常考的改錯(cuò)項(xiàng)目之一。1) I had not interest in English .interest是名詞，應(yīng)用形容詞no來(lái)修飾，而not是副詞，副詞不能修飾名2) These are the happier girls Ive ever seen.(NMET2007)此處有Ive ever seen限定，應(yīng)用最高級(jí)，故happier應(yīng)改為 happiest.3) You can borrow a book very easy.   easy 改為easily.4) Th

7、ese books are very worth reading.   用well 修飾6. 連詞：短文改錯(cuò)中出現(xiàn)連詞就要判斷連詞用的是否正確，是否符合句子意思；連接的是詞還是句子，是否符合邏輯關(guān)系。此外如果是平行結(jié)構(gòu)就要注意前后時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、詞性一致問(wèn)題平行結(jié)構(gòu)常借助與并列連詞and , or , but , not onlybut also, notbut, eitheror, neither nor, as well as等。1) As it has been raining these days, so we have decided to put off our s

8、ports meeting.         由于前句有As引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，因此后句不能再用so,故應(yīng)把so 去掉。        2) The population is growing, but the earth must support too many people.       根據(jù)上下文意思判斷，前后兩個(gè)并列分句不存在意義上的折，所以but應(yīng)改為and或so.這是典型的并列連詞誤用

9、。7. 動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤在短文改錯(cuò)中所占比重最大，它所涉及的錯(cuò)誤 包括動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤；易混動(dòng)詞的用法錯(cuò)誤; 動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)錯(cuò)誤；動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式，以及動(dòng)詞的句型搭配錯(cuò)誤等。在改錯(cuò)題中，動(dòng)詞方面的考查比例較大。1) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤 a. I will write again and send you the photos we take together.take photos動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí). b. The book you borrowed from the library should returned in five days.  根

10、據(jù)本句意義，should后應(yīng)加上been，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。c. In school, I often playing football for my friends.    playing改為 play;  for 改為with2) 易混動(dòng)詞使用錯(cuò)誤a. I persuaded him to stop smoking, but he didnt listen.    persuade 意為“說(shuō)服”，強(qiáng)調(diào)成功的結(jié)果，而根據(jù)下句 he   didnt listen可知，勸說(shuō)并沒(méi)有成功，故應(yīng)改persuaded為

11、 advised.b. You please rise your hands.         rise是不及物動(dòng)詞，而raise是及物動(dòng)詞，所以舉手應(yīng)用 raise your hands.這屬于及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞的誤用。3) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用錯(cuò)誤a. We are looking forward to see you on the birthday party.          look forward to 中

12、的to是介詞，應(yīng)加動(dòng)名詞，將see改為seeing.b. Im sorry I keep you wait for a long time .I got caught in the traffic.在任何情況下keep均和doing連用，如keep doing sth.; keep sb. (sth).doing sth. ;keep from doing 等.c. Id like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country.to后加be。因其后是名詞，而不是動(dòng)詞原形，不能直接用to.8. 詞語(yǔ)固定搭配:主要考查介詞與

13、動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞的固定搭配；副詞、動(dòng)詞的固定搭配；及物動(dòng)詞后多介詞或副詞以及不及物動(dòng)詞后少介詞，英語(yǔ)中的一些固定句型與習(xí)慣搭配等。1) My teacher advised me to keep my diary.keep a diary是固定搭配，意思是“寫日記”.2) In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job.        To ones surprise 是固定搭配3) I thought that was dull to watch a game(N

14、MET2005)此題考查it的功能，It + be + adj. + to do為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。4) the activities are not only enjoyable and also helpful.解析：  not only but also為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，故將and 改為but.5) I have no difficulty learn maths.have difficulty (in) doing sth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)6) He spends too much time play games.spend some time (in) doing sth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)

15、 (二) 句法的測(cè)試：1主謂語(yǔ)在數(shù)上的一致； I hope everything are ok with you.  are 改為is2名詞性從句； A man came up to him and asked that he needed. that是連詞，在從句中無(wú)任何意義，而后面的賓語(yǔ)從句缺賓語(yǔ)，用what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句作賓語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)。 3定語(yǔ)從句；This would save the life of many animals, some of then have almost died out.them改為 which4強(qiáng)調(diào)句型；It is/was +被

16、強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that/who It was in 1949 when he joined the army.  when改為that5句子結(jié)構(gòu)的連貫性、完整性、對(duì)等性及邏輯性。(三)語(yǔ)篇的測(cè)試 語(yǔ)篇的測(cè)試包括：1上下文中的時(shí)態(tài)是否一致；2上下文中的代詞是否一致；3上下文中的邏輯是否一致；4上下文中的詞、詞組、從句的替代是否正確。四、注意問(wèn)題：短文改錯(cuò)時(shí)改“錯(cuò)”，而不是把文中的表達(dá)法改成另外的表達(dá)形式。很多考生對(duì)這個(gè)概念比較模糊。把原文中并沒(méi)有錯(cuò)的形式改成了自己認(rèn)可的另外一種形式，雖然改后的表達(dá)法也是對(duì)的，但這樣做偏離了這類題型的答題要求，因而也不能得分。高考英語(yǔ)高頻詞組匯【

17、經(jīng)典100組】很多同學(xué)覺(jué)得英語(yǔ)學(xué)不會(huì)很大程度上有由于詞匯量太少所致。然而其實(shí)不然，有一些詞匯很簡(jiǎn)單，你個(gè)個(gè)都認(rèn)識(shí)可組合起來(lái)就不一定了或者意思就會(huì)產(chǎn)生偏差，這就是名曰詞組的東西?？汕∏∮行┰~組總是受到高考命題老師們的偏愛，特此整理出來(lái)以便同學(xué)們整理背誦。1 abandon oneself to sth. 完全屈從于（某種感情或沖動(dòng)）2 have a (the )ability to do sth. ( have the ability in doing sth.)有能力做某事3 to the best of one's ability 盡力4 be about to do when 正準(zhǔn)

18、備做某事突然。5 above all 首先，最重要； in all 總計(jì) after all 畢竟; 終究6 at home and abroad 在國(guó)內(nèi)外 go abroad 出國(guó)7 in sb.'s absence 不在時(shí) in the absence of （人）不在時(shí) be absent from 缺席8 be absorbed in 全神貫注于9 access to 接近；進(jìn)入10 by accident 偶然 by chance by mistake 由于錯(cuò)誤11 be delayed through an accident 由于事故而耽誤12 be accompanied

19、 by 附有；伴隨13 according to (后面不接view,opinion); in my opinion14 collect accounts收賬； open an account 開賬戶； keep accounts 記賬 ; account for說(shuō)明; give a full account of 做一個(gè)完整的說(shuō)明; on account of=because of 因?yàn)?15 accuse sb. of 控告某人； charge sb. with sth. 起訴某人； Blame sb. for sth. 責(zé)備某人16 be accustomed to sth.( to d

20、oing sth.)=be used to sth.(to doing sth.)習(xí)慣于干某事17 have some acquaintance with 熟悉；熟知18 come (run) across （偶然）碰到 ; get sth. across 使人理解；領(lǐng)會(huì)19 act as充當(dāng)，擔(dān)任 act out 表演（對(duì)話、故事）； act on(upon) 對(duì)。起作用20 catch sb. in the act of doing sth. 抓住某人干某事； take action 采取行動(dòng) 21 be active in 在。積極 take an active part in 積極參加

21、lead an active life過(guò)著積極的生活22 adapt oneself to 使自己適應(yīng) adapt sth. to 使某物適應(yīng) adapt from 根據(jù)。改寫（改編）23 add in 包括； 加進(jìn)去 add to 增加；加強(qiáng) add to 把。加到。上 add up to 合加起來(lái)24 be addicted to sth.( doing sth. ) 嗜好。的；上了。癮的25 in addtion/ in addtion to 此外26 deliver an address to 向。發(fā)表演講 giving a closing address 致閉幕詞 an addres

22、s of welcome 歡迎詞27 admit to sth.( doing sth.) 承認(rèn) 28 in advance=beforehand 提前29 be of great (no ) advantage to 對(duì)。大大有利（毫無(wú)裨益） gain(have) an advantage over優(yōu)于；勝過(guò)； take advantage of sb. 利用某人；欺騙某人30 put an advertisement 登廣告 31 ask for sb.'s advice 征求某人的建議 give sb. advice on how to do sth. 就如何  

23、60;   何干某事提出忠告32 advise sb. on sth. 就某事對(duì)某人提出忠告；advise sb. against( doing) sth.勸某人不干某事33 be afraid of 害怕；擔(dān)心 be afraid to do 不敢做某事34 be after 尋求；追求 35 be against one's proposal 反對(duì)（意見 go against nature違背自然stand against the wall 靠墻而立36 at the age of 在。歲時(shí)； be under age 未成年37 agree with sb.(

24、 what 從句 ); agree with the climate/飲食 對(duì)氣候等的適應(yīng) agree to +advice/suggestion/ idea/proposal agree on (upon) 。就。達(dá)成一致意見38 ahead of ( time) 在。前面 go ahead 繼續(xù)；前進(jìn)39 aid sb. in sth./aid sb. with sth. 幫助某人做某事 in aid of 支持 ；give sb. first aid對(duì)某人實(shí)施急救 40 aim at 瞄準(zhǔn) 41 on the air（用無(wú)線電、電視）播送 in the air 在空中； by air 乘

25、飛機(jī)； put on (give oneself) airs 擺架子42 all along 一直；始終 all over the country(world)遍及全國(guó)（世界） all alone 單獨(dú)；獨(dú)自地 all but 幾乎；差一點(diǎn)43 allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事 allow doing sth. 允許做某事44 let alone 更不用說(shuō) There is not enough room for us,let alone six dogs.45 get along (on) with 在。方面有進(jìn)展 take along with 隨身攜帶46 not

26、 onlybut also 47 make an analysis of 分析 48 in the ancient time 在古代49 and so on/and so forth 等等50 be angry about sth.對(duì)某事生氣 be angry at sth.因某事生氣 be be angry with sb.生某人的氣51 annoy sb. with sth./annoy sb. by doing sth. 因。使某人生氣；52 one after another 相繼53 answer for 對(duì)。負(fù)責(zé) answer sb.'s call 回電話 make no

27、answer 不作回答54 be anxious about ( for) 為。擔(dān)心 be anxious to do 渴望（急于）做某事55 apologize to sb. for sth./ make an apology to sb. for sth 因某事向某人道歉56 in appearance 外貌上 make one's appearance 登臺(tái) by/from all appearances 顯然57 applyto 將。應(yīng)用于 apply for 申請(qǐng) apply to 適應(yīng)于 apply oneself to 專心致志于 ； apply to sb. for s

28、th. 向某人申請(qǐng)某物58 appoint sb. to a post 派某人任某職; appoint a time for the meeting 約定開會(huì)時(shí)間59 approach to 接近 make an approach to 對(duì)。進(jìn)行探討 60 approve of 贊同     61 argue with/against sb. about/on sth. 與某人辯論某事；argue sb. into doing 說(shuō)服某人做某事62 arm in arm 肩并肩 hand in hand 手拉手 ; shoulder to sho

29、ulder 肩并肩 take sth. in one's arms抱 be armed to the teeth 全副武裝63 arrange for 安排；準(zhǔn)備 arrange with sb. about sth. 與某人商定某事make an arrangement( arrangements) for 做好準(zhǔn)備；安排64 as a whole 作為總體 on the whole 總體上 65 asas one can 盡力；盡可能66 as to/with regard to 至于；說(shuō)到 67 be ashamed at sth. 為某事感到羞愧be ashamed for 為

30、某人感到羞愧 68 ask for sth. 請(qǐng)求 ask sb. for sth. 向某人索取某物 ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事69 every aspect of=all the aspects of 各個(gè)方面70 assist sb. with sth./assist sb. in doing sth./assist sb. to do sth. 幫助某人做某事71 associate.with 把。和。聯(lián)系起來(lái) ; in association with 與。聯(lián)手72 be astonished( surprised) at (the news) 對(duì)。感到驚奇

31、73 at the latest 最遲74 e attached to 附屬于。；依戀； attach sth. to 把。貼上 把。系在。上75 attempt/try to do sth.(make an attempt to do sth.) 企圖做。；attempt at sth. 試圖獲得76 attend on/to sb. 照看/護(hù)理某人； attend to 關(guān)心；照料77 attract/capture/catch/draw/get one's attention 吸引某人注意hold one's attention on 將注意力集中于 devote one's attention to 專心于turn one's attention to 將注意力轉(zhuǎn)向 pay attention to 注意78 one's attitude towards 某人的態(tài)度對(duì)。79 on (the ) average按平均； above( belo