商法專有名詞中英文對照

1、中英文詞匯對照之Part ACommon law and equity普通法與衡平法Statute law成文法Crimi nal law and civil law刑法與民法Appeal上訴Majistrate court治安法院County court郡法院Crow n court刑事法院High court高等法院Court of appeal上訴法院House of lord上議院In dictable offence可起訴的犯罪Summary offence簡易程序罪行Queen' s bench divisi on王座法庭Chancery divisio n大法官法庭Fam

2、ily divisio n家事法庭Small claim track小額索賠軌道Fast claim track快速索賠軌道Multi track多重索賠軌道arbitratio n仲裁Huma n right人權法precede nt先例Binding precede nt=stare decisis先例約束Ratio decide ndi判決理由Obiter dicta附告意見Legislati on=statute law法律、成文法parliame nt議會Delegated legislati on授權立法Orders in council委員會命令Statutory in stru

3、me nt制定法文件Bye-laws地方法規(guī)Statutory in terpretatio n制定法解釋The literal rule字面解釋規(guī)那么The golde n rule黃金規(guī)那么The mischief rule按目的解釋規(guī)那么Part Bcon tract合同Offer要約Accepta nee承諾con siderati on對價inten ti on意圖capacity合同能力In vitati on to treat要約邀請Termin atio n of offers要約的終止Coun ter-offer反要約Revocati on of an offer撤銷要約Un

4、 ilateral con tract單邊合同Collateral con tract附屬合同附屬擔保品合 同Executed con siderati on已履行的對價Executory con sideratio n待履行的對價Past con siderati on過去的對價Con siderati on must be sufficie nt but may not be adequate對價必須充分有價值， 但不必充足Performa nee of exsit ing duties履行既存義務Promissory estoppel允諾禁反言原那么Domestic agreeme nt

5、家庭協(xié)議Commercial agreeme nt商業(yè)協(xié)議Privity of con tract合同的相對性Con tract terms合同條款Express terms明示條款Implied terms暗示條款Con diti ons條件條款Warra nties保證條款Innomin ate term中間條款Exclusi on clause免責條款Has the exclusi on clause bee n in corporated into the con tract免責條款已并入合冋了嗎Sig nature當事人在合同上簽字Notice提醒對方注意免責條 款Con siste

6、 nt deali ng系列交易Any uncertainty or ambiguity in the exclusion clause must be in terpreted aga inst the pers on seek ing to rely on it如果免責條款存在任何模 糊不清之處，法院將作出不 利于提出免責條款當事人 的解釋Discharge of con tract解除合同Breach of con tract合同違約Repudiatory breach能夠斷絕合同關系的違約An ticipatory breach預期違約Remedies for breach of co

7、n tract違約行為的補救Damages損害賠償Remote ness of damages間接損失陪償Measure of damages直接損失陪償Liquidated damages實際損失pen alties懲罰Specific performa nee特定履行inju nctio n禁令rescissi on廢除、取消Tort侵權The tort of n eglige nee過失侵權Duty of care審慎義務Con tributory n eglige nee共同侵權Volentiacceptenee nonfit injuria=voluntaryacceptaneeof

8、risks自愿承受風險Part Cindemnify補償Dismissal辭退redundancy冗員Notice通知Wron gful dismissal非法辭退Un fair dismissal不公平辭退Con structive dismissal推定辭退Re-i nstateme nt復職Re-e ngageme nt再就業(yè)compe nsati on補償Part DAgency代理Ractificati on追認Age ncy by estoppel不容否認代理Actual authority實際授權Appare nt/oste nsible推定代理Warra nt of autho

9、rity代理權保證Part nership合伙Severally and join tly liable個別及連帶責任Limited partn ership有限合伙企業(yè)LLP limited liability partnership有限責任合伙企業(yè)Legal ide ntity法律身份Legal pers on ality法律人格Limited liability有限責任Un limited compa ny無限責任公司Limited compa ny有限責任公司Limited by share依股票成立Limited by guara ntee依保證成立Private compa nie

10、s私人公司Public limited compa nies公眾有限責任公司Registrati on登記Certificate of registrati on登記的資格證書Tradi ng certificate交易證書Lift ing the veil of in corporati on揭開公司面紗Quoted/listed compa ny上市公司Pare nt compa ny母公司Subsidiary compa ny子公司Promoter發(fā)起人Registrar of compa ny公司登記機關Memora ndum of associatio n公司的根本章程Article

11、s of associati on公司的附屬章程Stateme nt of complia nee法定聲明Con stituti on of compa ny公司憲章Company “ off the shelf"現(xiàn)成的公司殼公 司Bona fide真實的，有誠意的Ultra vire超越權限Pass in g-off actio n假冒、冒名Capital資本Part EShare capital股本Nominal value名義價值Ordi nary share普通股Prefere nee share優(yōu)先股Redeemable share可贖回股Authorised share

12、capital法定資本Called-up capital催繳股本Paid-up capital實繳股本Class rights are rights attached to particular types of shares集體權利是依附于 特定類型的股份的 權利mi nority少數(shù)股東Variation of class rights集體權利的變更Allotme nt of shares股份分配Issue of shares股份發(fā)行Pre-emption right優(yōu)先認購權Bonus issue發(fā)行紅股/股票股利Rights issue認股權發(fā)行/配股Loa n capital借貸資本

13、Debe ntures債券Charges抵押Fixed charge固定抵押Floati ng charge浮動抵押Crystallization of a floating charge浮動抵押的明確化Capital maintenance資本保全Solve ncy償付能力Issue shares at a premium溢價發(fā)行股票Issue shares at a disco unt折價發(fā)行股票Un derwriti ng fees承銷費用Stringent嚴格的Distribute divide nd派發(fā)股息Accumulated realized profit累計已變現(xiàn)利潤Accum

14、ulated realized profit累計已變現(xiàn)損失Un distributable reserves不可分配準備Part FDirector董事Board of director董事會Shadow director影子董事Executive director執(zhí)行董事Non-executive director非執(zhí)行董事Man agi ng director常務董事Board of directors董事會Remun erati on of directors董事的薪酬Vacati on of office（董事的）離職Disqualification of director取消董事資格

15、Fiduciary duty受托責任Con flict of in terest利益沖突Fraudule nt tradi ng欺詐性交易Wron gful trad ing不法交易Eligibility as auditor審計人員的任職資 格Ann ual gen eral meeti ng年度全體會議Extraord inary gen eral meeti ng臨時全體會議resolutio n決議Ordinary resolution普通決議Special resoluti on特別決議Writte n resoluti on書面決議Notice通知Special no tice特別

16、通知The chairma n會議主席Quorum法定人數(shù)vote表決proxies表決代理人Mi nu tes會議記錄Part Gin solve ncy破產liquidati on清算Winding up清算A member's volun tary winding up股東的自愿清算Creditors Volun tary winding up債權人的自愿清算Compulsory liquidati on強制清算liquidator清算人admi nistratio n財產管理Part HCorporate gover nance公司治理stakeholder利益相關人Finan c