定語從句(課堂PPT)

1、 高考熱點(diǎn)探析之高考熱點(diǎn)探析之定語從句定語從句2eg. The boy who is reading is Tom.先行詞先行詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞Hospital is a place where a doctor works.先行詞先行詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞放在名詞或代詞名詞或代詞后面，由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞詞引導(dǎo)的修飾該名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞先行詞。3考點(diǎn)一、考查非限定性定語從句考點(diǎn)一、考查非限定性定語從句We are going to hold a school sports meeting, which is held to enrich our

2、 school life.非限定性定語從句的關(guān)系詞為：1.關(guān)系代詞which，who ，whom，whose2.關(guān)系副詞when where why不能用thatas 和which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時，as和which都能指代整個句子，區(qū)別在于as引導(dǎo)定語從句可以在主句之前，之后或中間，可以翻譯為“正如，正像”當(dāng)從句的謂語動詞是be announced/ expected/known/reported/said/imagined/shown等被動形式，常用as，而which只能放在主句的后面，沒有意思as5典例精析典例精析1.(2017.全國卷）But Sarah, _has taken p

3、art in shows along with top models wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty2.(2016.全國卷卷）Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,_ lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC, influenced the development of chopsticks.3.(2016.全國卷） But my connection with pandas goes back to my days

4、on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.whowhowhen6考點(diǎn)二、考查關(guān)系代詞考點(diǎn)二、考查關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句引導(dǎo)的定語從句Mr. King，whose legs were badly hurt，was taken to the hospital.They live in a room whose window

5、 opens to the south 指人，引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句指物，引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句表示所屬關(guān)系，譯為“的”7典例精析典例精析1.(2015.四川卷）The book on the desk，_ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.2.(2014.山東卷）A company _ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.3.(2013.福建卷）The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes

6、 of those_ lives were affected.whose whosewhose8考點(diǎn)三、考查考點(diǎn)三、考查“介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞（關(guān)系代詞（which/whom）”引導(dǎo)定語從句引導(dǎo)定語從句當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中做介詞的賓語時，往往可以把介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前，構(gòu)成介詞+關(guān)系代詞（which/whom）的結(jié)構(gòu)注意：近幾年在考查這個類型的定語從句中，摒棄了往年考查介詞的選擇，而是僅考查對“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句的識別，降低了難度Can you find the pen with which I wrote just now?9典例精析典例精析1.(2015.安徽卷）Some expe

7、rts think reading is the fundamental skill upon _ school education depends.2.(2014.重慶卷）He wrote many childrens book, nearly half of _ were published in the 19903.(2014.天津卷）English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of_ uses it differently4.(2013.遼寧卷）He may win the competition, in

8、_ case he is likely to get into the national team5.(2013.浙江卷）The children, all of _ had played the whole day long, were worn out.whichwhichwhichwhichwhom10考點(diǎn)四、考查關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別使用考點(diǎn)四、考查關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別使用判斷是用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞，首先要找出先行詞，判斷是用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞，首先要找出先行詞，再次判斷先行詞在從句中所做的成分，關(guān)系代詞要再次判斷先行詞在從句中所做的成分，關(guān)系代詞要在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語

9、，關(guān)系副詞要在定語在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語，關(guān)系副詞要在定語從句中做狀語。從句中做狀語。注意：如果先行詞是時間，地點(diǎn)或原因，不能注意：如果先行詞是時間，地點(diǎn)或原因，不能從意思上判斷就一定選擇從意思上判斷就一定選擇when where 或或why11典例精析典例精析1.(2015.全國 卷）Id skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourist seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River_ are pictured by artist in so many

10、Chinese paintings.2.(2015.湖南卷）It is truly delightful place，_ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages3.(2014.安徽卷）The exact year _ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008which/ thatwhichwhich12考點(diǎn)五、考查定語從句的分割現(xiàn)在考點(diǎn)五、考查定語從句的分割現(xiàn)在There are

11、 many thousands of stars in the sky that are likethe sunDo you remember one afternoon ten years ago when Icame to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?13典例精析典例精析1.(2014.北京卷）I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，_ my classmates recommended to me.2.(2012.浙江卷）Ellen was a

12、painter of birds and of nature， _, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.whichwho定語從句中的五個易混點(diǎn)定語從句中的五個易混點(diǎn) 定語從句定語從句VSVS強(qiáng)調(diào)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)句型It was Nov.11, 2011 when they got married.2.定語從句VS同位語從句The fact that he told us is very important.It was on Nov.11, 2011 when they got married.The fact that he

13、had not said anything surprised everybody. 153.3.定語從句定語從句VSVS并列句并列句 Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the office.Jim passed the driving test, and it/this/that surprised everybody in the office.4.One of / the (only) one of4.One of / the (only) one ofHe is one of the boys who h

14、ave passed the examHe is the (only) one of the boys who has passed the exam165.The way 5.The way 做先行詞是，從句引導(dǎo)詞的選做先行詞是，從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇擇 The way （that/which/省略）省略）he explained to us was quite simpleThe way （that/ in which/省略）省略）he explained to us was quite simple17總結(jié)判斷定語從句的關(guān)系詞，要遵循八字口訣即一看（先行詞） 二析（從句成分） 三思（特殊情況）

15、 四選（關(guān)系詞）applethe redthe greenthe smallthe bigThe apple which is red is mine.The apple which is green is yours.The apple which is red is smallThe apple which is green is big.Can you find the pen? I wrote with it just now.Can you find the pen with which I wrote just now?Can you find the pen (which) I

16、wrote with just now? 4.which 4.which 指物，作主語或賓語指物，作主語或賓語 ( (作賓作賓 語可省略語可省略, ,如介詞提前則不能省如介詞提前則不能省) ) These are the trees which were planted last year.The TV set (which) he bought yesterday is made in Japan. Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrow books

17、?211)This is the hero( whom) we are proud of. This is the hero of whom we are proud . This is the hero(that) we are proud of .2)The room (that) I live in is very big. The room (which) I live in is very big. The room in which I live is very big. The room where I live is very big.注意: 固定動介詞組不可分割固定動介詞組不

18、可分割,介詞不能提前介詞不能提前.例如例如:look after,look at 關(guān)系代詞與介詞關(guān)系代詞與介詞: 介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時面時,介詞賓語只能用介詞賓語只能用which代物代物, 用用whom代人。代人。(介詞在末尾時介詞在末尾時,關(guān)系詞可以省略關(guān)系詞可以省略)22 定語從句中需注意事項(xiàng)定語從句中需注意事項(xiàng) 有些情況下只用關(guān)系詞有些情況下只用關(guān)系詞that,而不宜用而不宜用which1.從句所修飾的詞又被從句所修飾的詞又被形容詞最高級形容詞最高級或或序數(shù)序數(shù)詞詞修飾時修飾時 This is the most interesting story( that )I

19、 have ever heard. The first meeting( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon. 2.先行詞是先行詞是 something, nothing, anything等等不定代詞不定代詞時時 Here is something( that) I will tell you.233.先行詞既有先行詞既有人人也有也有物物時時,只能用只能用that I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see. 4.先行詞是先行詞是on

20、e of,the one, 或用或用 little, much, few, no, all, some, any, the only, the very, the same, the last 作修飾時作修飾時 Is it the one that you want ? I havent got much that I can offer you. 5.當(dāng)當(dāng)主句主句已有已有疑問詞疑問詞 who或或which時，用時，用that Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? 24注注: who、that在指人可以通用，但下列在指人可以通用，但

21、下列宜用宜用 who,不用不用that 1).先行詞是先行詞是anyone, someone, those時，時，關(guān)系詞使用關(guān)系詞使用who Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. Is there anyone who wants to go there? 2).在在there be 句型中，先行詞指人句型中，先行詞指人,關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞用用who There is an old man who wants to see you. There are many young men who are against him.25 關(guān)系

22、副詞關(guān)系副詞 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞是用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的，它和關(guān)系是用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的，它和關(guān)系代詞一樣代詞一樣,在從句中代替先行詞在從句中代替先行詞,在句中在句中作狀語作狀語。 where:在從句中作在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語地點(diǎn)狀語,指代地點(diǎn)指代地點(diǎn). when: 在從句中作在從句中作時間狀語時間狀語,指代時間。指代時間。1.The hotel wasnt clean. + We stayed at the hotel.The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel (whi

23、ch) we stayed at wasnt clean.262.Ill never forget the day. I joined the League on that day. Ill never forget the day when I joined the League. Ill never forget the day on which I joined the League .(1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.The scientist we met yesterday is

24、very who famous in the world. whom that (2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.The dress that she is wearing is new. which (3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him. (4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.He is the kind person that I have ever worked who with. whom This

25、is the best film that I have ever seen. 29 單項(xiàng)選擇。 1. This is the job _they laughed at. A.which B.as C.it D.who 2. Beihai Park is a beautiful park_built about 300 years ago. A.where was B.that were C.which was D.where3. Who was the grey-haired man _at yesterdays meeting?A.we saw him B.we saw C.we saw

26、who D.she was seen4. The man _is painting the house is my uncle. A.heB.whom C.whose D.who5. What is the animal _baby is sleeping in its pocket? A.who B.whose C.its D.whichACBDB306. This book is for the students _native language isnt English. A.that B.of whom C.whose D.whos7. The robbers shouted, “Ha

27、nds up!Ill shoot anyone _moves!” A.whom B.that C.who D.whose8.The dictionary_he paid 50 yuan for is very useful. A.which B.for which C.on which D.about which9The boy_parents died two years ago lives with his grandpa now. A.whose B.who C.his D./10.The man_ is smoking is a bus driver. A. whom B.who C.