中考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專項(xiàng)(四)

1、初四年級中考一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專項(xiàng)（4）十一、狀語從句（一）時(shí)間狀語從句：由when, while, before, after, since, as soon as, till / until引導(dǎo)的從句1）when與whileeg.1)Ill tell her the good news _he comes back. 2)Aunt Wang came in while we were watching TV3)since:自從以來(since從句常用一般過去時(shí))注意主句通常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，但當(dāng)主句表示一種狀態(tài)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)eg.1)He has lived there since he came

2、to China 2)It is two years since her mother died.（二）條件狀語從句：由if (如果)引導(dǎo)的從句eg.I will go to the park if it _ (not rain) tomorrow.注意：條件狀語從句與以下句型的轉(zhuǎn)換1）祈使句，and (then , or)+簡單句 = If you , you eg.1)Use your head, then youll find a way. =If you use your head, youll find a way 2)Hurry up, or youll be late. =If

3、you dont hurry, youll be late.2)without與條件句的轉(zhuǎn)化eg. Man cant live without water. =Man cant live if there is no water.注意以上兩種狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)主句時(shí)間、條件句1）一般將來時(shí) 2）祈使句 3）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞原形一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)但since從句例外，應(yīng)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。eg.1)Ill call you as soon as he _ (come) back. 2)He wont go to bed until he _ (finish) his homework. 3)Ill

4、 help you if I _ (be) free tomorrow 4)I _ (live) here since I came to China.（三）原因狀語從句：由because, since , for , as引導(dǎo)的從句eg. He didnt go to school because he was ill.注意：1)對because引導(dǎo)的從句提問用why 2)因?yàn)?because), 所以(so)不能連用eg. Because he was (A) ill, so (B) he didnt (C) go to school (D) yesterday. _（四）結(jié)果狀語從句：由

5、so that引導(dǎo)的從句（so后接形、副原級）eg. He ran (A) so faster (B) that I couldnt catch up with (C) him. _注意：1) “so that +否定句”與“too to”的替換eg.1)He is so young that he cant go to school.= He is too young to go to school(主、從句主語相同)2)He ran so fast that we couldnt catch up with him.= He ran too fast for us to catch up

6、with. (主、從句主語不同)3)The box is so heavy that I cant carry it= The box is too heavy for me to carry.(注意carry后省去賓語it)2）“so that +從句”與“enough to”的替換eg.1)Hes so strong that he can carry the box.= Hes strong enough to carry the box. 2)The question is so easy that I can answer it=The question is easy enough

7、 for me to answer練 習(xí)( )1.We bought granny a present, _ she didnt like it.A. but B. and C. when( )2.Be quick, _ youll be late for the football match.A. so B. and C. or( )3.Youve done badly, _ I can see you did your best. A. or B. but C. so( )4.That was our first lesson, _ she didnt know all our names

8、.A. for B. but C. so( )5.They didnt pass the ball often enough, _ they didnt play together very well.A. and B. yet C. when( )6.It was raining at that time, _ they couldnt go out for walk.A. because B. or C. so( )7.Mary couldnt go to school, _ she was very ill. A. for B. before C. though( )8.Go strai

9、ght along the road, _ youll find the hospital at the end of it.A. since B. and C. when( )9.Take this medicine , _ you will yet well soon. A. and B. but C. so ( )10.Either she or I _ him at the airport.A. is to meet B. am to meet C. are to meet( )11.The train hasnt arrived _.A. too B. also C. yet( )1

10、2.You wont go there, _ will I.A. So B. Neither C. Also( )13.You can take _ this book _ that book, but you cant take _ of them.A. either, or ; all B. either , or ; bothC. not only , but also ; both( )14.The students had no water_ food thenA. or B. and C. also( )15.They were _ weak _ carry the heavy b

11、ox.A. neither , nor B. both , and C. too , to( )16.The books arent yours _ ours.A. nor B. and C. but( )17.Tom saves his money, _ John spends all he gets.A. while B. or C. so( )18.Excuse me, _ can you tell me how to get to the park?A. and B. please C. but( )19.He needs to have a rest, _ he has worked

12、 for a long time .A. and B. but C. for( )20.The policeman was _ busy _ holidays with his family.A. very , to spend B. too , to spendC. so , that( )21.Neither Jack nor I _ to the park.A. is going B. are going C. am going( )22.His grandfather has never been to school so he could _ read _ write.A. neit

13、her , nor B. either , or C. both , and ( )23.Johm _ until Mike _ sorry to him.A. let him in , said B. didnt let him in , saidC. didnt let him in , says( )24.Im sure Li Ping is _ in the classroom _ in the library.A. either , or B. both , and C. neither , or( )25.Dont open the door _ the bus _.A. unti

14、l , stops B. and , stops C. until , stop( )26.Both his father and his mother _ to Beijing.A. has been B. have been C. has gone( )27.Well have a sports meeting if it _ rain tomorrow.A. wont B. isnt C. dont D. doesnt ( )28.Ill let you know as soon as he _.A. comes back B. will come backC. is coming ba

15、ck D. come back( )29.Im _ busy getting ready for Christmas _ I have no time to write to you.A. not, until B. too, toC. so, that D. neither, nor( )30.This TV set is too dear, _ it gives you a better picture.A. or B. if C. though D. and( )31.Could you ask Tom to ring me up if you _ him tomorrow.A. met

16、 B. meet C. will meet D. have met( )32.While she _ TV in the sitting room, the bell _.A. watches, rings B. is watching, rangC. was watching D. watched, was ringing( )33.Mary will go _ after she _ her homework.A. shops, finish B. shopping, finishesC. to shop, finishing D. shopping, finish( )34.He is

17、listening to the music _ he is washing clothes.A. after B. before C. when D. while( )35.Tell Mr. Wang to go to Mr. Lis office, when you _ him.A. saw B. will see C. are seeing D. see( )36.They _ until the meeting was over.A. left B. not leaveC. dont leave D. didnt leave( )37.The children sat at the t

18、able until the guests _.A. leave B. are leaving C. left D. had left( )38.The film _ for half an hour when I got to the cinema. A. has begun B. had been onC. begun D. begins( )39.She _ until late into the night.A. waited B. came C. went D. started( )40.He began to do his homework _ he turned on the l

19、ight.A. before B. since C. till D. after( )41.He didnt go to swim yesterday_ he was ill.A. when B. if C. because D. and because( )42.Li Ping gives me more help than Wang Lin _ .A. is B. has C. does D. gives( )43.Please keep the box for me _ I come back tonight.A. when B. as C. to D. until ( )44.I bo

20、ught an umbrella _ the weather was fine.A. if B. although C. because D. as( )45.We got to the cinema _ late _ there were no seats left.A. too, to B. much, to C. very, that D. so, that( )46.It _ five years _ I left the army.A. is , since B. was , sinceC. has been, when D. is , when( )47.Though it was

21、 raining hard, _ was still waiting for her son in the rain.A. but she B. and she C. she D. so she( )48.I have known him _ I was a child.A. because B. since C. when D. before( )49.Jim had finished his homework _ his mother came back.A. after B. before C. while D. then十二、賓語從句：充當(dāng)賓語的句子對賓語從句應(yīng)注意以下三要素：1. 引

22、導(dǎo)詞 2. 語序 3. 時(shí)態(tài)1. 引導(dǎo)詞1)that引導(dǎo)一般疑問句意義的賓從(that可省)eg. He says (that) the boy is a lilltle weak in Chinese. 2)疑問詞引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句意義的賓從eg. .Do you know who will give us a talk? .I dont know whose book that is. .Could you please tell which gate we have to go to? .I wonder when he will come back.注意：此類賓從的主語與主句的主語（或賓語

23、）相同時(shí)，可替換為“疑問詞 + to do”eg. .I havent decided where I will go =I havent decided where to go .He asked me what I bought = He asked me what to buy.類似短語：how to do _what to say_what to do _where to go_ 3)if/whether(是否)引導(dǎo)一般疑問句意義的賓從eg. .“Do you like this book?” she asked me. =She asked me _ I liked this boo

24、k. .“Have you visited the Great Wall?” Could you tell me? =Could you tell me _ you have visited the Great Wall?注意以下幾點(diǎn)：.區(qū)別if當(dāng)作“是否”，還是“如果”eg. I dont know if he _ (come)if it _(rain) tomorrow.用whether不用if的幾種情況 1)后接不定式eg. I cant decide whether to go to Beijing. 2)與or / or not連用eg. I want to know whether

25、 you will go to the park or not. 3)在句首時(shí)eg. Whether this is true or not, I cant say. 4)whether還可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“不管，無論”eg. Whether it rains or not, we are going to the park tomorrow.2.語序：賓從用陳述句語序eg. 1)I dont (A) know whether (B) will he (C) come (D) tomorrow. _ 2)He asks (A) me when (B) will you (C) come

26、 back (D). _ 3)Could you tell (A) how many players (B) are there (C) in (D) a football team? _3.時(shí)態(tài)主句賓語從句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一切時(shí)態(tài)一般過去時(shí)過去范疇的某一時(shí)態(tài)（一般過去時(shí)；過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；過去完成時(shí)；過去將來時(shí)） 但當(dāng)賓語從句是指客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象時(shí)，則只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。eg. She said (that) the sun rises in the east.練 習(xí)( )1.Alice wanted to know _ her grandma liked the dog.A. that B.

27、 if C. which D. what( )2.Can you tell us _ ?A. where have you gone B. where have you goneC. where you have been D. where have you been( )3.Do you still remember _ ?A. that he said B. what he said C. did he say that D. what did he say( )4.The weather here changes very often and we cant tell _ it will

28、 be like tomorrow.A. that B. how C. what D. whether( )5.What did the scientist say? -He said he wondered if _into space by spaceship one day.A. he had to fly B. he could fly C. can he fly D. could he fly( )6.Do you know_from Wuhan to Xian ?A. how far it is B. how far is it C. how long it is D. how l

29、ong is it( )7.Could you tell me _?A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in( )8.Is the lake there beautiful? - This photo will show you _.A. how does it look like B. what does it look like C. how it looks like D. what it looks like( )9. I dont k

30、now _ bought the present for me. Is it Jack? A. which B. who C. whose D. what( )10.Could you show us _ a bike ?A. how to mend B. what to buy C. where to go D. how many to buy( )11.I dont know _ Jane was late for school this morning.A. who B. what C. whom D. why( )12.Do you remember _ he came? -Yes,

31、I do. He came by car.A. that B. if C. how D. when( )13.Mike said he _ a cold for a few days.A. has caught B. had caughtC. has had D. had had( )14.I dont know if he _ here. If he _, Ill tell you.A. will come, comes B. comes, will comeC. comes , comes D. will come, will come( )15.Could you tell me _ b

32、est?A. which one you like B.which one do you likeC. do you like which one D.you like which one( )16.The teacher told the children that the earth _ around the sun.A. moves B. moved C. had moved D. was moving( )17.Nobody knows which factory _.A. does he work B. he worksC. does he work in D. he works i

33、n( )18.He said that no one knew _ with him.A. what is the matter B. what was the matterC. what the matter is D. what the matter was( )19.Im interested in _ or not he is coming.A. whether B. if C. when D. why( )20.Im sorry that I _ you were here.A. didnt know B. dont knowC. wont know D. cant know十三、定

34、語從句：在句中作定語的句子，它修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，這個(gè)被修飾的名詞、代詞叫做先行詞。一、引導(dǎo)詞（關(guān)系詞）：位于從句與先行詞之間，起連接作用，同時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分。先行詞分兩類：1.關(guān)系代詞who（作主語）, whom（作賓語）, whose（作定語）, which（作主語、賓語）, that（作主語、賓語）. 2.關(guān)系副詞when, where, why. 注意：1.如果關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞可以省略.eg. The trees (that) we have planted grow well. 2.關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)，可放在介詞后。 但當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞是that時(shí)，則不能放在介詞

35、后。eg. This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived= This is the house which Lu Xun once lived in.=This is the house that Lu Xun once lived in二、如何選用引導(dǎo)詞：一般情況引導(dǎo)詞的選用是受先行詞決定的先行詞是人時(shí)用that , who , whom , whose; 先行詞是物時(shí)用that , which; 先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)時(shí)用when , where.eg. 1)The boy who / that is standing under the tree

36、is Jim. 站在樹下的那個(gè)男孩時(shí)Jim. 2)Do you know the girl whose mother is a driver? 你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)媽媽是司機(jī)的女孩嗎？ 3)Have you been to the factory where your father works? 你去過你爸爸工作的工廠嗎？但注意區(qū)別who / that (指人)；which / that (指物)1.修飾人只用who的情況：a. 先行詞是one , ones , anyone , those 時(shí)。b. there be句型中修飾名詞時(shí)。c. 先行詞后有一個(gè)較長的定語。eg.1)Anyone who ha

37、snt handed in his home- work should stay after school. 沒交作業(yè)的任何人放學(xué)后都要留下。 2)There is a girl who wants to see you at the school gate. 校門口有位想見你的女孩。 3)Did you see the man in the park yesterday afternoon who wore a red shirt? 昨天下午在公園你見過那個(gè)穿紅襯衫的人嗎？2.修飾人或物只用that的情況： a. 先行詞為指物的不定代詞all , much , little, few , e

38、verything , something , anything , nothing b.先行詞前有最高級、序數(shù)詞及l(fā)ast , only , very , all , no時(shí) c. 先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí) d. 主句是who / which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，而先行詞又指人或物時(shí)。eg.1)Is there anything that I can do for you? 有讓我做的事嗎？ 2)He is the only one that can help us at the moment. 他是現(xiàn)在能幫助我們的唯一的人。 3)He talked about the teachers and

39、schools that he had visited. 他談?wù)撝菰L過的老師和參觀過的學(xué)校。 4)Which is the machine that we used last Sunday? 我們上周星期天用過的機(jī)器是哪一臺(tái)？3.修飾物只用which的情況： a. 先行詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時(shí) b. 先行詞為that時(shí)eg.1)This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived . 這就是魯迅以前住過的房子。 2)Whats that which you are holding in your arms? 你抱著的那個(gè)是什么？*三、定語從句可簡化為

40、短語1定語從句為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)可簡化為過去分詞短語；定語從句為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可簡化為現(xiàn)在分詞短語。2定語從句的謂語(be)后是介詞短語，可簡化為介詞短語作定語。3定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，可簡化為不定式。eg.1)I bought a book that was written by Lu Xun. = I bought a book written by Lu Xun. 2)Tell the children who are playing there not to do that.= Tell the children playing there not to do that. 3)The b

41、ook that is on the table is mine. = The book on the table is mine. 4) We have nothing that we should fear. = We have nothing to fear.練 習(xí)一、用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空1.Is it the very house _ you lived in ten years ago?2.The woman _ sits next to the door is my mother.3.Ill never forget the year _ I joined the League.4

42、.It is the house _ I was born.5.The house _ roof is broken has been repaired.二、用短語來改寫下面的定語從句部分。1.The man that is talking with Mary is my brother._.2.This is a book which was written by a worker_3.The student who is from Canada speaks French._.4.She has a lot of work that she must do._三、選擇填空( )1.The

43、man _ was a friend of mine.A. that you just talked toB. whom you just talked to himC. who you just talked to himD. which you just talked to ( )2.This is the best film _has been shown this year.A. who B. that C. which D. when( )3.Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.A. w

44、hich B. what C. that D. in where( )4.Mr. Li told us the stones and writers _ interested himA. what B. who C. that D. which( )5.My father still remembers the day _ he joined the army.A. when B. which C. to which D. from which( )6.Ill never forget the summer holidays _ we spent together.A. when B. in

45、which C. which D. how( )7Does the teacher know everybody _ planted the trees? Yes, he does.A. which B. whose C. where D. who( )8.The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important.A. who B. where C. what D. that( )9.I hate people _ talk much but do little.A. whose B. whom C. which D. who(

46、)10.Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher? Oh! Its Mr Baker, our maths teacher.A. he B. that C. whom D. which( )11.I hate the people _ dont help others when they are in trouble.A. who B. which C. they D. where( )12.George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing.A. who B.

47、 whom C. he D. which( )13.This is the place     _I have ever visited. A. there       B. when     C. where     D. which( )14.Nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting.A. that B. whic

48、h C. why D. when( )15.The moon is a world _there is no life.A. that B. which C. where D. why( )16.He has forgotten the day _ he arrived.A. when B. where C. that D. which( )17.He still remembers the days _ he spent with your family.A. when B. where C. that D. on which( )18.Mr. White, _ car had been s

49、tolen, came to the policeman.A. who B. that C. whose D. which( )19.He got to the village _ his family once lived before liberation.A. that B. which C. when D. where( )20.This is the house _ I want to buy.A. in which B. that C. whose D. where( )21.He didnt tell me the place _ he was born.A. that B. w

50、hich C. when D. where( )22.He lived in a small village, _ was a long way from the railway station.A. that B. which C. where D. when十五、反意疑問句 由“陳述句 + 附加疑問句”兩部分構(gòu)成。一般有兩種形式：前肯后否或前否后肯。對附加疑問部分應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 1）主語只能用人稱代詞；2）附加疑問句的not必須與（be /助/情）縮寫；3）附加疑問句的時(shí)態(tài)必須與陳述部分的時(shí)態(tài)一致。eg.1)Tom is a work, isnt Tom?(找錯(cuò))_ 2)You can

51、swim, can not you?(找錯(cuò))_ 3)He had lunch, doesnt he?(找錯(cuò))_特別注意以下幾種反意疑問句1. 陳述部分含否定意味的詞(few, little, never, nothing, nobody, no, hardly, none)，附加疑問句應(yīng)使用肯定形式（但前綴詞unhappy, unlike, disappear等列外）eg. They are unhappy, arent they?2.陳述部分的主語是everything, something, nothing, anything時(shí)，附加疑問句的主語應(yīng)用it；陳述部分的主語是everybody, somebody, nobody, everyone, no one時(shí)，附加疑問句的主語應(yīng)用they。eg.1)Everything is ready, _? 2)Everyone is here, _?3.陳述部分是祈使句時(shí)，附加疑問句一般用：will you? 但注意：Lets , shall we?Let us , will you?4.陳述部分含must時(shí)，附加疑問句一般用neednt.eg. I