高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)-狀語(yǔ)從句

1、狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句是一種副詞性從句,通常由一個(gè)從屬連詞或一個(gè)起連詞作用的詞組引導(dǎo)。狀語(yǔ)從句1. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句常見(jiàn)的連詞 (組 :when, while, as, before, after, once, till, until, as soon as, now that, hardly .when, scarcely .when, no sooner .than等?？梢砸龑?dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的副(介詞(短語(yǔ)或名詞短語(yǔ):directly, instantly, immediately, by the time, the moment, the second, the minute, the instan

2、t, every time, each time, next time, the last time等。注意點(diǎn)如下:(1 when, while, as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句as 表示 “ 當(dāng) 的時(shí)候 ” ,往往和 when/ while通用,但它著重強(qiáng)調(diào)主句與從句的動(dòng)作或事情同時(shí)或幾 乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。 when(at or during the time既可以表示在某一點(diǎn)的時(shí)候,又可以表示在某一段時(shí)間內(nèi),主句 與從句的動(dòng)作或事情可以同時(shí)發(fā)生也可以先后發(fā)生。 while 強(qiáng)調(diào)一段時(shí)間, 僅表示從句和主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí) 發(fā)生,并且有延續(xù)意義,該從句中的動(dòng)詞一般要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,從句中常用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)或一般過(guò)去

3、時(shí) 態(tài);當(dāng) when 表示 a period of time時(shí),兩者可以互換。She came up as I was cooking.(同時(shí) 在我做飯時(shí),她走了過(guò)來(lái)。When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段時(shí)間內(nèi) 當(dāng)我們?cè)趯W(xué)校時(shí),每天都去圖書(shū)館。While they were watching TV, I was preparing myself for the coming examination.他們?cè)诳措娨?而我在為即將到來(lái)的考試做準(zhǔn)備。Strike while the iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵

4、。 ( 不可用 as 或 when ,這里的 while 意思是 “ 趁 ”(2 before引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的常見(jiàn)重點(diǎn)句型 It will (not be .before .還要 才,要不了多久就 It was (not .before . 過(guò)了 才 (沒(méi)多久就 It was a long time before I got to sleep.過(guò)了好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間我才睡著了。 沒(méi)多久他就告訴了我那條新聞。 不等 就 ; 在 之前就 The telephone rang off before I could answer it.我還沒(méi)來(lái)得及接電話(huà),電話(huà)就掛斷了。 剛 就 He hardly entere

5、d the room before he heard the telephone ring.他剛進(jìn)屋電話(huà)鈴就響了。 先 再 You can have a few days to think about it before you make your decision.做決定之前你還有幾天時(shí)間考慮。(3since 引導(dǎo)的從句用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(包括過(guò)去完成時(shí)時(shí),則從句的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束 , 從句意 思是否定的。如果從句的動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),則從句意思是肯定的。He has never been to see me since I was ill.我病愈后,他一直未來(lái)看我。(不再生病了H

6、e has never been to see me since I have been ill.我病了,他一直未來(lái)看我。ved here.自他從這里搬走,我就沒(méi)有收到他的信。(不住在這兒了(4 till, until如果 till 與 until 用在肯定句中時(shí),則主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞部分所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到某時(shí)或某個(gè) 動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)才結(jié)束。注意它的倒裝句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句。 =Not until she took off her dark glasses did I recognise she was my classmate=It was not until she took off her dar

7、k glasses that I recognised she was my classmate.直到她摘下墨鏡,我才認(rèn)出她是我的同學(xué)。2. 原因狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的常見(jiàn)連詞或短語(yǔ):as, because, since, now that, considering that, seeing that(鑒 于 。注意以下幾點(diǎn):(1 because, since, as, for, now thatbecause 語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng),用于回答 why 的提問(wèn),可與強(qiáng)調(diào)詞 only, just 以及否定詞 not 連用。但不可以與 so 連用。since 引導(dǎo)的從句語(yǔ)氣次于 because 引導(dǎo)的從句,

8、 常表示稍加分析后而推斷出的原因, 或指人們已知 的事實(shí),比 as 正式一些 , 常置于句首。as 語(yǔ)氣最弱,其原因只是對(duì)結(jié)果的附帶說(shuō)明,一般放在句首。for 雖然解釋為 “ 因?yàn)?” 但只是一個(gè)并列連詞,它也常引導(dǎo)句子表示原因,但不是原因狀語(yǔ)從句,它是 一個(gè)并列句。 for 所提供的理由是一種補(bǔ)充性的說(shuō)明,表示推測(cè)的理由。now that意為 “ 既然,由于 ” 。表示由于人們已知的事實(shí)或正在發(fā)生的事而產(chǎn)生某個(gè)結(jié)果。He failed because he was careless.他因粗心而失敗了。 既然大家都來(lái)了,我們開(kāi)會(huì)吧。As all the seats were full, he

9、stood there.所有的座位都滿(mǎn)了 , 他只好站那兒。It might have rained last night for the ground is wet.昨晚可能下雨了,因?yàn)榈孛媸菨竦?。Now that the kids have left home we have a lot of extra space.由于孩子們離開(kāi)了家,所以我們有了額外的空間。3. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句常由下列連詞引導(dǎo):where, wherever等。You may find him where his brother lives.你可能會(huì)在他哥哥居住的地方找到他。You are free to g

10、o wherever you like.你可以去你想要去的任何地方。Anywhere he went, he got warm welcome.無(wú)論他走到哪兒,都受到熱烈歡迎。The girl takes the doll with her everywhere she goes.這個(gè)女孩無(wú)論去哪都帶著她的布娃娃。Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。4. 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句常由下列連詞引導(dǎo):so .that, such .that, so that等。要注意以下幾個(gè)問(wèn)題 :(1 五種結(jié)構(gòu): so+adj./adv.+that . s

11、uch (a/an+adj.+n.+that . so+adj.+a/an+n.+that=such a/an+adj.+n.+that . so many/much/few/little(少 +n.+that . such+(adj. +n. (u/pl.+ that 他說(shuō)的如此的快,我跟不上他。It was such a lovely day / so lovely a day that we all went swimming.今天天氣如此的好,我們大家都去游泳了。(2 so或 such 置于句首時(shí),主句常用倒裝。It was such a lovely day / so lovely

12、a day that we all went swimming.=Such a lovely day was it that we all went swimming.今天天氣如此的好,我們大家都去游泳了。(3注意以上結(jié)構(gòu)與定語(yǔ)從句 so/such .as的區(qū)別。This is such an interesting/so interesting a film that everyone wants to see it.這是一部很有趣的電影以至于每個(gè)人都想去看。5. 目的狀語(yǔ)從句目的狀語(yǔ)從句由下列連詞引導(dǎo):so that, in order that, for fear that, in ca

13、se等。(注:so that也可用來(lái)引 導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句so that, in order that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中常需用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后。in order that 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句可以放在主句之前或之后。We set out early so that we could see the sunrise.我們很早出發(fā)以便能看到日出。He sent the letter by air mail so that it might reach them in time.他空郵這封信以便他們能及時(shí)收到。6. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句分為真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)

14、條件句(用在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中。注意:在真實(shí)條件句中,常用 一般時(shí)態(tài)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。常由下列連詞引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句:if, unless, suppose, supposing, providing (that, provided (that, given (that, in case, on condition that, as long as, so long as, so far as等。(1 unless=if notYou will fail unless you study hard.除非你努力,否則你就要失敗。(2 suppose, supposing, providing(that, pro

15、vided(that, given(that= if如果他支持我們,我們就會(huì)贏得選舉。 (3on condition that, as long as, so long as = only if只要你不灰心,你就會(huì)成功。 (4 as(so far as .So f就我個(gè)人而言, 我支持安樂(lè)死。 7. 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞:although, though, as, even if, even though,while, whether .or, whoever, whatever, however, no matter+疑問(wèn)詞等。注意以下幾點(diǎn):(1 although, thoug

16、h 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),主句前不能用 but, 但可以加 yet, still。盡管下著大雨,他們?nèi)匀辉诠ぷ鳌?(2 as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),必須用前置結(jié)構(gòu),通常是從句中的表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞原形放在句首,放 在句首的名詞前的冠詞要去掉。Though he is a child, he knows a lot.=Child as(thoughhe is, he knows a lot.盡管他是個(gè)孩子,但他仍知道的很多。(注意 :在 child 前不要用冠詞盡管我非常喜歡它,但我也不會(huì)買(mǎi)它。 (3whether .or (not 引導(dǎo)的從句,提供兩個(gè)對(duì)比的 盡管 情況,含有條件意味。(Whether

17、 you Believe it or not, it is true.信不信由你,這是真的。Whether you come here or we go there, the topic of discussion will remain unchanged.不管是你來(lái)這兒還是我們?nèi)ツ莾?討論的主題保持不變。(4 疑問(wèn)詞 +ever=no matter +疑問(wèn)詞Whoever you are, you must show your pass.無(wú)論你是誰(shuí),你都必須出示你的通行證。Whenever you come, you are welcome.無(wú)論你什么時(shí)候來(lái),都?xì)g迎。8. 方式狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)

18、方式狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞或短語(yǔ):as, as if, as though,the way等。注意以下幾點(diǎn):(1 as引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)意為 按照 , 如同 ,前面常用加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。I did it just as you told me.= I did it just as told to.我是按照你的吩咐做的。 他沒(méi)有像預(yù)料的那樣贏得比賽。(2 as if和 as though 引導(dǎo)的從句中,謂語(yǔ)常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,有時(shí)也用陳述語(yǔ)氣。It seems as if it were going to rain.天似乎要下雨了。(3連詞 while 和 whereas 可以表示對(duì)比。Whereas he is r

19、ather lazy, she is quite energetic.她相當(dāng)?shù)挠谢盍?而他卻很懶惰。注意 :狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略現(xiàn)象(1 連接詞 +過(guò)去分詞Unless repaired, the washing machine is no use.除非洗衣機(jī)被修好了,否則它就沒(méi)用了。(2 連詞 +現(xiàn)在分詞Look out while crossing the street.過(guò)馬路時(shí),要小心。(3連詞 +形容詞 /其他常見(jiàn)的有 if necessary,if possible,when necessary,if any等。(4 比較狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略He arrived home half an h

20、our earlier than (he had been expected.他比預(yù)想的早到家半個(gè)小時(shí)。例 1:My parents don I am happy.(2009 陜西A. even though B. as soon asC. as long as D. as though解析:選 C ?？疾闋钫Z(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)題干意思可知 , 此處是條件狀語(yǔ)從句。 as long as只要 ;even though引導(dǎo)讓 步狀語(yǔ)從句,意為 “ 即使 ” ; as soon as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,意為 “ 一 就 ” ; as though引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ) 從句,意為 “ 仿佛,好象 ” 。例 2: Sh

21、all we have our picnic tomorrow? t rain. (2009 山東A. Until B. While C. Once D. If解析:選 D 。考查交際用語(yǔ)。答句句意為:如果明天不下雨的話(huà)。例 3:She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practise playing the piano yesterday.(2009 福建 A. when B. while C. after D. since解析:選 A ?？疾闋钫Z(yǔ)從句。由句意可知,此處 when 用作并列連詞,意為 “ 這時(shí) ”

22、。例 kids can get at it.(2008 山東A.even if B.which C.where D.so that解析:選 C 。 句意為:你最好不要把藥放在小孩子夠得著的地方。 where 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。 even if 即使; which 不引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句; so that 為了;以至于 ; 引導(dǎo)目的或結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。例 5:There were some chairs left over everyone had sat down.(2008 四川 A. when B. until C. that D. where解析:選 A 。句意為:大家都坐下之后,還有一些椅子空著。

23、 when 當(dāng) 時(shí)候 , 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,符 合題意。 until 直到 , 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,但與題意不符; that 不引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句; where 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。例6:Occasions are quite rare A.who B.which C.why I have the time to spend a day with my kids.(2008山東 D.when 解析：選D。句意為：我很少有機(jī)會(huì)和孩子在一起待上一天的時(shí)間。when在此處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先 行詞occasions(機(jī)會(huì)，并在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。who和which是關(guān)系代詞，定語(yǔ)從句中不缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、 表語(yǔ)，故排除；why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)表示原因，與題意不符。 例7:Tomorrow is Toms birthday.Ha