高一定語從句導(dǎo)學(xué)案

1、20152016高一定語從句導(dǎo)學(xué)案高一定語從句（the Attributive Clause） 導(dǎo)學(xué)案【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】：1、掌握定語從句的定義。2、掌握關(guān)系代詞that, who, which, whom和whose的用法。3、掌握關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的用法。4、掌握介詞+which的用法5.、能夠靈活運(yùn)用定語從句。【學(xué)習(xí)方法】：1、根據(jù)學(xué)案中所給出的練習(xí)總結(jié)定語從句的用法。2、背誦典型句子3、多做練習(xí)進(jìn)行運(yùn)用和分析【語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)】1 .定語從句-在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，用來修飾主句中的某一 名強(qiáng)、代詞或整個(gè)主句2 .先行詞-被定語從句修飾

2、的名詞或代詞叫先行詞、定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的 先行詞之后。先行詞可以為 一個(gè)詞，短語，或整個(gè)主句。3 .關(guān)系詞-在先行詞和定語從句之間起連接作用的詞叫關(guān)系詞，分成關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系 副詞.4 .關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞有三大作用：連接-連接定語從句和主句替代一替代前面的先行詞成分一在定語從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分（主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語）例 1. A huge crack （ that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide ）（先行詞）（關(guān)系詞）（定語從句）cut across houses, roads and canals.【學(xué)習(xí)

3、過程】Part1.關(guān)系詞的使用1、完成表格關(guān)系代詞先行詞（指人或 物）在從句中充 當(dāng)什么成分例句分析that指人/物作主語、賓 語（作賓語 時(shí)可以省 略）A huge crack that was eight kilometres 10ng and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals.I don ' t know about the manthat) you mentioned.who指人作主語The number of people who were killed or seriously injured re

4、ached more than 400,000.whom指人作賓語（可 以省略）The man (whom) you met yesterdayis Mr. Smith .The boy (whom) you are looking for is hidden behind the tree.which指物作主語、賓 語(作賓語 時(shí)可以省 略)Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first oneshook Tangshan. The pen （which） my unc

5、le gave me is missing.whose指人/物作定語Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.= .the homes of whom had been destroyed.=of whom the homes had been destroyed【注】 whose +n = the +n. +of which / whom或 of which / whom + the +n.as正如 .指人/物作主語、賓 語(/、可省 略)We have found such materials a

6、s are used in their factory.He is not the same man as he was.As we all had expected,Liuxiang won the gold medal in the competition.關(guān)系副詞先行詞在從句中充 當(dāng)什么成分例句分析when= 介 詞+which時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語I still remember the day when / on which I first came to Taishan No.1 High School.where= 介 詞+which地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語This is the v川age wher

7、e / in which I eve門ived.why=for+ which原因原因狀語Do you know the reason why / for which he is absent?【注】 定語從句的關(guān)系副詞 when where why =介詞+which,但反之并不一定。如：English is the subjectin which I ' m interested.2.做題方法：(1)找先行詞(2)還原-把先行詞放入定語從句(3)確定關(guān)系詞【練習(xí)1】用關(guān)系代詞that, who, whom, which或whose填空，并指出它們?cè)趶木渲凶?何成分。1. The eg

8、gs I bought yesterday were not fresh.（作）2. He prefers the goose comes from his parents （作'farm.）3. The noodles you cooked were delicious.（作）4. He saw a house windows were all broken.（作）5. The man lives next to us sells vegetables;.（作）6. I don ' t like the people smoke a lot作）7. I prefer dump

9、lings have just been cooked.（作）8. Don ' t drink water has not been boiled作）9. The man you met just now is my teacher.（作）10. Plane is a machine can fly.（作）觀察下面兩組句子1. A. This is the house I once lived in.先行詞指，關(guān)系詞在句中作 語，應(yīng)填。8. This is the house I once lived.先行詞指，關(guān)系詞在句中作 語，你知道應(yīng)填什么關(guān)系詞嗎?2. A. He was bo

10、rn in a day was very hot.先行詞指,關(guān)系詞在H中作 語，應(yīng)填。8. He was born in a day it was very hot.先行詞指,關(guān)系詞在H中作 語?！局更c(diǎn)迷津】當(dāng)把先行詞放回定語從句時(shí)，需要加上一個(gè)介詞，說明先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語。如： When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house where I would be staying.（還原：I would be staying in the house）【練習(xí)2用關(guān)系副詞when, where, why填空，并指出它們?cè)趶木渲凶骱纬煞帧?. I

11、remember the day I first come to the school.2. Beijing is the place I was born.3. This is the factory I visited last year.4. Is this the reason he refused to help you?5. I'll never forget the years I spent with you in the city.6. We all didn ' t believe the reason saidheust now.【指點(diǎn)迷津】在定語從句中，

12、如其先行詞是抽象名詞 situation , point, position ,condition,case, scene, spot, stage等，如定語從句不缺主語、賓語和表語，則用關(guān)系副詞whereoccasion -場(chǎng)合（where） ;-時(shí)機(jī);機(jī)會(huì)（when）。如： We have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids. （2008東）I have never bee

13、n to such an occasion where people all dress formally.Ex. He' s got himself into a dangerous situation he is likely to lose control over theplane. A. where B. which. C. while D. why3、that 和 which關(guān)系代詞只用that的情況:先行詞被最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。 先行詞是 all, any, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時(shí)當(dāng)主句是who或which引導(dǎo)

14、的特殊疑問句，為避免重復(fù)，只用 that先行詞既包括人又包括物時(shí)。 先行詞被 the only, the very, the same, the la影飾時(shí)。(1). This is the highest building I ' ve ever seen.I really didn ' t know anything happened to Jim yesterday.一Who is the man is standing over there?Oh,he is my math teacher.They are talking about things and person

15、s they saw there a few days ago.關(guān)系代詞只用which的情況:引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從制;關(guān)系詞前有介詞；先行詞本身是that。(1). The tree,is four hundred years old, is very famous here.We depend on the lanfrom we get our food.(3). That you told him about is what we want to know.who 和 that在什么情況下只用 who不用that?all / those作先行詞且指人； 在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，先行詞指人；

16、 先行詞是指人的不定代詞 one, anyone, no one, all, nobody, anybody, none(1) .Those want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.(2) .There is a stranger wants to see you.(3) . One doesn' t work hard will never succeed in his work .4、先行詞是way的定語從句1) The way you solved the problem is no

17、t the best one.2) This is the way he told me to solve the problem.【指點(diǎn)迷津】當(dāng)先行詞是the way且在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語時(shí)，關(guān)系連詞有三種情況：in which / that / 省略Part2.介詞 + which/ whom1 .分析下列例句(1) The manwhom he is talking to is my father.The man jowhom he is talking is my father.(2) This is the penwhich I wrote the letter with . Thi

18、s is the pen with which I wrote the letter.【指點(diǎn)迷津】(1)介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句時(shí)，如先行詞是物，用介詞+which; 如先行詞是人，用介詞+whom(2)當(dāng)介詞位于定語從句的末尾時(shí)，可將介詞提前到關(guān)系詞前，構(gòu)成 介詞+which /whom(3)在固定搭配的動(dòng)詞短語中，由于動(dòng)詞和介詞不可分割，因此不能把介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前 o 如：look after, take care of, look for 等。判斷正誤： This is the pen for which I ' m looking ( This is the pen

19、which I ' m looking for.()2 .如何確定定語從句中的介詞？先找出定語從句，將先行詞放入定語從句中1)看定語從句中動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配This is the book which you asked2)看定語從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配He referred me to some reference books which I am not very familiar.3)根據(jù)先行詞判斷，所用的介詞與先行詞搭配Thi s is our classroom ,which there is a teacher' s desk.【練習(xí)】用恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~+which/who

20、m填空1. This is the rock the boy fell down into the sea.2. The film star we talked a lot yesterday will give us a speech tomorrow.3. The West Lake Hangzhou is famous in the world will be more beautiful.4. The reason he could not go there was that his grade was too low.5. The professor Mr. Smith shook

21、hands yesterday has made new discoveries inscience.6. Could you tell me the day you arrived?Part 3定語從句中的動(dòng)詞的數(shù)1. He is the only one of the students in his class who(have) got this chance.2. He is one of the students in his class who(have) got the teacher' s praise3. Those who(want) to go to the ci

22、nema must be at the school gate by 3:30p.m.4. Anyone who(want) to go to the cinema must be at the school gate by 3:30 p.m.【指點(diǎn)迷津】關(guān)系詞在定語從句中做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于先行詞Part 4課后鞏固練習(xí)一.選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。1. The wolves hid themselves in the places couldn' t be found.A. where B. that C. in which D. in that2. That tree,branche

23、s are almost bare, is very old.A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which3. Those not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A. learn B. who learn C. that learns D. who4. Anyone this opinion may speak out.A. that againstB. that against C. who is againstD. who are against5. Can you

24、lend me the novel the other day?A. that you talkedB. you talked about itC. which you talked withD. you talked about6. The train she was travelling was late.A. which B. where C. on which D. in that7. Do you still remember the happy days we swam in the river in our village?A. which B. when C. that D.

25、where8. May the fourth is the day we Chinese people will never forget.A. which B. when C. on which D. about which9. The hotel we stayed during our holidays stands by the seaside.A. what B. which C. where D. that10. Is that the reason you are in favour of the proposal?A. which B. what C. why D. for t

26、hat11. I don ' t like ou speak to her.A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which12. There is only one thing I can do.A. what B. that C. all D. which13. I have many books, some of are on chemistry.A. them B. that C. which D. those14. I like the second football match was he

27、ld last week.A. which B. who C. that D. /15. This is one of the best films this year.A. that have been shownB. that have shownC. that has been shownD. that has shown16. She was the only one of the girls in our class accepted as candidate for thepresident of our Students ' Union.A. who was B. who

28、 were C. who has been D. who have been17. This is the magazine I copied the paragraph.A. that B. which C. from that D. from which18. Recently I bought a second-hand car was very low.A. which price B. the price of whose C. its price D. whose price19. Anyone with what I said may raise your hand.A. tha

29、t agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. that agree20. The great day we looked forward to at last.A. came B. come C. coming二.用關(guān)系詞填空。1. The place interested me most was the Children's Palace.2. Do you know the year the Chinese Communist Party was founded?3. Great changes have taken place in the fac

30、tory we have been working since then.4. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of sat a small boy.5. Is there anyone in your class family is in the country?6. The letter is from my sister,is working in Beijing.7. In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of are women.8. I will never forget t

31、he day we worked together and the day we spent together.9. We admire him for the way he faces difficulties.10. The reason he didn't come was he was ill.11. - Did you ask the guard what happened? - Yes, he told me all he knew.12. Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn?13. There are cases the word

32、 “ mighty " is used as an adverb.14. The treatment will continue until the patient reachesthe point he can walk correctly and safely.15. There are several research centers in China a certain disease called Bird Flu isbeing studied.16. is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China.17. Some pi

33、ctures of the river brought the days back to the old they swam in it.18. Who is the woman is sweeping the floor over there?19. The professors talked with us about the beautiful schools and the experienced teachers they had seen.20. Women drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance

34、 ofhaving heart disease than those don' t.21. I will hire the man they say is a good English speaker.22. After reading your proposal, there is one point I don ' t agree.三.用介詞+關(guān)系代詞填空。（每空一詞）1. The hotel they are staying is a very famous one.2. The pen I do my homework is a birthday present fro

35、m my father.3. Is this the car you paid a high price?4. The gentleman you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.5. Is this the village the great scientist was born forty years ago?6. The professor we often turn for help will come to our party tonight.四、單句改錯(cuò)1. The story happened in November on which

36、 the weather was very cold2. Stella is one of the engineers who is fit for the task3. Mr. Williams has two sons, both of whom looks like him.4. When we passed the place which the dead boy lay, each of us saluted5. Is this the horse that you spent five hours drawing it yesterday?6. Those who has fini

37、shed the exercises may leave the classroom now.7. Children eat a lot of sweets or chocolate often have bad teeth.8. Mr. Green is always working hard should get a rise.9. John is the only one of the students that have been abroad.10.I care about nothing which is going on there.四.用定語從句合并下列句子。1. The fa

38、ctory is a small one. The factory stands near the river2. Have you answered the letter? You got that letter two weeks ago3. I'll never forget the day. On that day I joined the League.4. We are not allowed to do so Tell me the reason.5. The boy student is very young. He won the game.6. The town h

39、as become a famous city He grew up in the town.7. I spend my childhood in Suzhou. I have never been there again since I left8. He is leaving for Wuhan to meet his daughter He has not seen the girl for years9. Do you know the man ? His son is a famous scientist10. My uncle bought the bicycle last wee

40、k The bicycle has been stolen .Part4名言警句中的定語從句1. He who is ill to himself will be good to nobody.人不自愛，焉能愛人？2. He who laughs last laughs best.誰笑在最后，誰笑得最好。3. He who makes no mistakes makes nothing不犯錯(cuò)誤的人一事無成。4. All that glitters is not gold.閃閃發(fā)光者，未必皆黃金。5. Opportunity and luck always shows appreciation

41、for those_who are bold in struggling. 機(jī)遇和幸運(yùn)總是垂青勇于奮斗的人。6. The only thing that we have to fear is fea門tself.唯一讓我們恐懼的事就是恐懼本身.7. He who doesH t reach the Great Wall is not a true man 不至 U長城非好漢Part 5課后拓展【自主學(xué)習(xí)】-定語從句典型錯(cuò)誤例析1 .我給他看了我上周在杭州的照片誤I showed him the photos I took them in Hangzhou last week.正I showed

42、 him the photos I took in Hangzhou last week.析關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞既代替先行詞，又在定語從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分。例句為省略了關(guān)系代詞(that/which)的定語從句，that/which指代the photos,在定語從句中充 當(dāng)took的賓語，故them多余，應(yīng)去掉。2 .那個(gè)正在修理汽車的人是我的叔叔。誤The man is mending the car is my uncle.正The man who/that is mending the car is my uncle.析關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語時(shí)不可省略，只有作賓語時(shí)才能省略that

43、。本旬還 可以譯為 The man mending the car is my uncle.-ing 形式短語 mending the car作 the man 的后置定語。)3 .這只風(fēng)箏是你父親昨天為你扎的嗎？誤Is this kite your father made for you yesterday?正Is this kite the one (that) your father made for you yesterday?析若把this看作kite的修飾語，短語this kite為主句的主語，這時(shí)我們可以看出主句 中缺少表語，即定語從句的先行詞，所以應(yīng)該加上代詞 the one。

44、如果我們把this看作 代詞，作句子的主語，那么 kite應(yīng)該為句子的表語，則可以看出先行詞 kite前缺少定 冠詞 the。故本旬還可改為：Is this the kite (that/which) your father made for you yesterday? 4.她告訴我的就這些。誤This is all which she told me.正This is all (that) she told me.析 當(dāng)先行詞為 all, none, one, any, few, little, everything, anything, nothing或先行詞前 有序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級(jí)修

45、飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用 that。另外，本句還可以譯為This is what she told me不過此時(shí) what引導(dǎo)的是表語從句，而不是定語從句。5 .這是我們明天要討論的問題。誤This is the problem about that we' ll talk tomorrow.正This is the problem about which well talk tomorrow.正This is the problem (that/which) we' ll talk about tomorrow.析介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句，先行詞指人時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用 whom；

46、指物時(shí)， 關(guān)系代詞用whicho另外，有些固定短語如look after, listen to等，一般也不能將介詞提 到關(guān)系代詞之前。6 .從這兒可以看到屋頂?shù)哪谴苯ㄖ锸擎?zhèn)里最大的超市。誤The building, which roof can be seen here, is the biggest supermarket in town.正The building, whose roof can be seen here, is the biggest supermarket in town.析分析句意可知，building和roof之間存在所屬關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用 whose, whose在引

47、導(dǎo) 從句定語從句時(shí)既可指人又可指物，通?？膳cof which互換使用，因此本旬還可以表示為：The building, the roof of which (of which the roof ) can be seen here, is the biggest supermarket in town.7 .人沒有空氣就不能生存，這是很自然的。誤Which is very natural, man can ' t live without air.正Man can ' t live without air, which/as is very natural.正As is very natural, man can ' t live without air.析which/as都可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，在從句中作主語，表語，賓語。但 which 引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句之后，而 as引導(dǎo)的從句位置比較靈活，可以位于句首，句中或旬末。8 .他是今天早晨遲到的學(xué)生之一。誤He was one of the students w