普陀新王牌高中英語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞

1、高一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)（10）動(dòng)名詞(Gerund)動(dòng)名詞是一種兼有動(dòng)詞和名詞特征的非限定動(dòng)詞。它可以支配賓語(yǔ)，也能被副詞修飾。動(dòng)名詞有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。特征：動(dòng)詞原形+ing構(gòu)成，具有名詞，動(dòng)詞的一些特征 。一、動(dòng)名詞的作用動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的性質(zhì)，因此在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。1、作主語(yǔ)Reading is an art. Climbing mountains is really fun. Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer. 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，有時(shí)先用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把動(dòng)名詞置于句末。這種用法在習(xí)慣句型中常用

2、。如：It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk.It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. It is fun playing with children.動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的幾種類型： 動(dòng)名詞可以在句子中充當(dāng)名詞所能充當(dāng)?shù)亩喾N句子成分。在這里僅就動(dòng)名詞在句子中作主語(yǔ)的情況進(jìn)行討論。 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)有如下幾種常見(jiàn)情況：1）直接位于句首做主語(yǔ)。如： Swimming is a good sport in summer. 2）用 it 作形式主語(yǔ)，把動(dòng)名詞(真實(shí)主語(yǔ))置于句尾作后置主語(yǔ)。

3、 動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，不太常用 it 作先行主語(yǔ)，多見(jiàn)于某些形容詞及名詞之后。如： It is no use telling him not to worry. 常見(jiàn)的能用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞還有：better，wonderful，enjoyable，interesting，foolish，difficult，useless，senseless，worthwhile，等。 注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容詞不能用于上述結(jié)構(gòu)。 3）用于“There be”結(jié)構(gòu)中。如： There is no saying when hell come.很難說(shuō)他何時(shí)回來(lái)。 4）用

4、于布告形式的省略結(jié)構(gòu)中。如： No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). No parking. 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)的比較： 動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可以用作主語(yǔ)。在意義上相近。但動(dòng)名詞多用來(lái)表示泛指或抽象動(dòng)作，不定式多用來(lái)表示特指或具體動(dòng)作。比較： Smoking is not good for health. It is not good for you to smoke so much. 注意： 1)在口語(yǔ)中，用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)位于句首的較不定式多見(jiàn)。 2)在“It is no use.”，“It is no good.”，“It is

5、 fun.”，“It is a waste of time.”等句型中，通常用動(dòng)名詞作真實(shí)主語(yǔ)： It is no use/good/a waste of time talking about that. 3)在疑問(wèn)句中，通常用動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，而不用不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)： Does your saying that mean anything to him? 4)在“There be”句型中，只能用動(dòng)名詞，而不能用不定式作主語(yǔ)： There is no telling what will happen. It is impossible to tell what will happen.

6、5)當(dāng)句子中的主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)都是非限定動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要遵循前后一致的原則，主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)在形式上要求統(tǒng)一： Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.2、作賓語(yǔ)1）作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)下列動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)牢記下列小詩(shī)：考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒(méi)得想。避免錯(cuò)過(guò)繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成停欣賞，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡。consider / suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon； admit, delay/ put off, fancy/, imagine; avoid, miss, keep / keep on, pract

7、ice; deny, finish, enjoy / appreciate; cant help, mind, allow / permit, escape, 另加：forbid, risk此外be used to, look forward to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, cant stand (無(wú)法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, put off, thank you for, apologize for, be busy (in),

8、 have difficulty / trouble (in), have a good / wonderful /hard time (in)等動(dòng)詞詞組也要用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。The squirrels was lucky that it just missed being caught. I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.2）作介詞的賓語(yǔ)We are thinking of m

9、aking a new plan for the next term.Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 3）作形容詞的賓語(yǔ)The music is well worth listening to more than once.We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet.3、作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)句子主語(yǔ)常是表示無(wú)生命的事物的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。表語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞與主語(yǔ)通常是對(duì)等的關(guān)系，表示主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)可互換位置。Your task is cleaning th

10、e windows. (Cleaning the windows is your task.)What I hate most is being laughed at. (Being laughed at is what I hate most.)4、作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)往往表示被修飾詞的某種用途。如：a walking stick a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walkinga washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washinga rea

11、ding room=a room for reading=a room which is used for readinga measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuringsleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping 二、動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)帶有邏輯主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞稱為動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)，要在動(dòng)名詞之前加上物主代詞或名詞所有格，這便構(gòu)成了動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。其中物主代詞（名詞所有格）是邏

12、輯上的主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞是邏輯上的謂語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。如：Her coming to help encouraged all of us. Janes being careless caused so much trouble. Whats troubling them is their not having enough food. 注意：在口語(yǔ)中，如果動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)，其中的物主代詞常用人稱代詞賓格，名詞所有格常用名詞普通格來(lái)代替，但在句首作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不能這樣來(lái)代替。如：Would you mind my/me using your computer?The fat

13、her insisted on his sons/his son going to college. Marys (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset.His (不可用Him)smoking made his family angry. 在下列情況下動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須用名詞的普通格或人稱代詞賓語(yǔ)：1).無(wú)命名詞The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting. 這個(gè)嬰兒被猛烈的關(guān)門(mén)聲吵醒。2) 有生命名詞但表示泛指意義Have you ever heard of women practis

14、ing boxing? 你聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)婦女練拳擊嗎？3) 兩個(gè)以上的有生命名詞并列Do you remember your parents and me telling about this? 三、動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)如下：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式writingbeing written完成式having writtenhaving been written其否定形式是在doing前加上not1、動(dòng)名詞一般式表示的動(dòng)作通常是一般性動(dòng)作，即不是明確地發(fā)生在過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的動(dòng)作，或是與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：I hate talking with such people.

15、 Being careless is not a good habit.2、動(dòng)名詞的完成式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前。如：I dont remember having met him before. Thank you for having taking so much trouble to help.3、動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)同時(shí)也是動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1）它的一般式表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或在其前發(fā)生。如：I dont like being laughed at in public.2）它的完成式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。如：I am very pleas

16、ed at your having been honoured with a medal. 3）有某些動(dòng)詞，我們常用動(dòng)名詞的一般式表示完成式，盡管動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前，這似乎是一種強(qiáng)大的習(xí)慣。如：Excuse me for being late. Thank you for giving us so much help. I dont remember ever meeting somewhere.4）動(dòng)名詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式與現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式同形，但無(wú)進(jìn)行意義，being不可省略。如：She is afraid of being taken to the public. 四、常見(jiàn)題型

17、：1）動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)2）在動(dòng)名詞和不定式中，作為介詞的賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞3）動(dòng)名詞的否定直接在其前加否定詞not，通過(guò)代詞的賓格或所有格形式給出邏輯主語(yǔ)。如：I would appreciate_ back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you call C.you calling D.youre calling4）有些詞后面加不定式和動(dòng)名詞均可remember, forget, try, stop, go on, mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式，但意義截然不容。如：remember to do/doing：I remembered to po

18、st the letters.（指未來(lái)/過(guò)去未來(lái)將要做的動(dòng)作）I remembered posting/having posted the letters.（我記得做過(guò)這個(gè)動(dòng)作）forget與remember的用法類似。regret的用法：I regret to inform you that（我很遺憾地通知你）I regretted having left the firm after twenty years.（為了“二十年前的離開(kāi)”而遺憾。）try to（努力）與try +ing（試驗(yàn)）You really must try to overcome your shyness.Try pr

19、acticing five hours a day. 五鞏固練習(xí)：1.No one enjoys at. A. laughing B. to laugh C. being laughed D. to be laughed 2.You must do something to prevent your house . A. to be broken in B. from being broken in C. to break in D. from breaking in 3.They insisted onanother chance to try. A. given B. giving C.

20、being given D. to be given 4.Where is my passport? I rememberit here.You shouldnt have left it here. Rememberit with you all the time. A. to put；to take B. putting；taking C. putting；to take D. to put；taking 5.His room needs, so he must have it. A. painting； painted B. painted； paintingC. painting； p

21、ainting D. painted； painted 6.After finishing his homework he went ona letter to his parents. A. write B. writing C. wrote D. to write 7.The young trees we planted last week requirewith great care. A. looking after B. to look after C. to looked after D. taken good care of 8.OnlyEnglish doesnt meanth

22、e language. A .to learn；to learn B. learning；learning C. learning about；learn D. learning about；learning 9.She returned home only to find the door open and something. A. missed B. to be missing C. missing D. to be missed 10.She decided to devote herselfthe problem of old age. A. to study B. studying

23、 C. to studying D. study 11. Rememberthe newspaper when you have finished it. A. putting back B. put back C. to put back D. be put back 12. As she is looking forward to_from me, please remember_this letter on your way to school. A. hear；post B. hearing；to post C. be heard；posting D. be hearing；to po

24、sting 13.Grandma said that she had a lot of troubleyour handwriting. A. to read B. to see C. reading D. in seeing 14.Writing stories and articleswhat I enjoy most. A. is B. are C. was D. were 15.We appreciateus to the ball. A. them to invite B. to invite C. their inviting D. being invited 16.Would y

25、ou mindquiet for a moment? Im trying a form. A. keeping；filling out B. to keep；to fill out C. keeping；to fill out D. to keep；filling out 17.He was afraidfor being late. A. of seeing B. of being seen C. to be seen D. to have seen 18.Id like to suggestthe meeting till next week. A. to put off B. putti

26、ng off C. put off D. to be put off 19.I dont see how I could possibly managethe work without.A. finish；helping B. to finish；being helped C. finishing；helping D. finishing；being helped 20.Anything worthis worthy ofwell. A. doing；being done B. doing；doing C. to be done；to be done D. to be done；being d

27、one 21.We advised them to take a rest, but they insistedthe work. A. finish B. to finish C. in finishing D. on finishing 22.I delayedyour letter because I had been away for a week. A. answer B. answering C. writing D. to post 23.The thief drove as fast as he could to escape by the police. A. to be c

28、aught B. he caught C. being caught D. catching 24.I searched for my wallet and it wasnt there. At first, I thought I_ it at home. Then I rememberedit out to pay for the taxi.A. must have left；to take B. might have left；takingC. might leave； to take D. could have left；taking 25. the news of his fathers death, he burst into tears. A. After heard B. On hearing C. While hearing D. Having heard 26. his mother, the baby could not help _. A. To see；to laugh B. Seeing； to laugh C. Seeing；laughing D. To see；laughing 27. Its no useso