高考英語短文改錯(cuò)解題技巧.doc

1、高考英語短文改錯(cuò)解題技巧高考英語短文改錯(cuò)解題技巧1.解題步驟1 瀏覽全文，掌握大意2 分句閱讀，逐行找錯(cuò)3 由易到難, 各個(gè)擊破4 檢查核對，注意方法詳解：具體解題步驟：做短文改錯(cuò)通常遵循以下幾個(gè)步驟：通讀文章，了解大意；逐句分析，行中找錯(cuò)；再讀短文，檢查漏洞。即按照文章句子行文章的順序。第一步：通讀全文，了解大意。短文改錯(cuò)是考查考生在理解的基礎(chǔ)上對語篇整體的識錯(cuò)、糾錯(cuò)能力，必須從全篇考慮，而不能只顧一句或一行。要理解文章的謀篇布局，弄清楚整篇文章的意思。在閱讀過程中，要注意行文邏輯、文章的時(shí)態(tài)以及人稱等。第二步：逐句分析，行中找錯(cuò)。盡管短文改錯(cuò)是以行設(shè)置錯(cuò)誤的，但語言畢竟是以句子為完整意義單

2、位的。所以，可以逐句分析，看看單句是否有錯(cuò)；如果有錯(cuò)，有幾處錯(cuò)誤，是什么錯(cuò)誤，再看看錯(cuò)誤在哪一行。把“短文改錯(cuò)”轉(zhuǎn)化為“單句改錯(cuò)”，然后再在行中找錯(cuò)，這樣就會降低難度。第三步：再讀短文，檢查漏洞。做完以后，再把文章閱讀一遍，檢查是否有遺漏情況，尤其注意上下句之間的邏輯關(guān)系。多讀一遍，就有可能把某些不清楚的地方理順。2.錯(cuò)誤形式與改法1 改詞2 添詞3 去掉4 正確詳解：1 改詞（67個(gè)）：在文中該詞下面劃橫線( )；在題號后橫線上寫出要改的詞。2 添詞（12個(gè)）：在文中標(biāo)上添詞符號（）；在題號后橫線上寫出要添的詞。3 去掉（12個(gè)）：在文中用斜線( )劃掉該詞；在題號后寫上要劃掉的詞，并也用斜

3、線劃掉。3.解題思路綜觀近十年的高考短文改錯(cuò)題，不難看出常見的改錯(cuò)十大思路是：一致關(guān)系、連接手段、平行結(jié)構(gòu)、非謂語動詞形式、刪除冗言、冠詞使用，名詞數(shù)與格，詞語搭配，詞性分辨，行文邏輯等?，F(xiàn)結(jié)合近幾年的高考試題對這十大思路分析如下：詳解：一、一致關(guān)系短文改錯(cuò)中所涉及到的一致關(guān)系包括主謂一致、時(shí)態(tài)一致和代詞指代一致。謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式要與句子的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，動詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與時(shí)間狀語或上下文的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，代詞所指的內(nèi)容與其先行詞在詞性和數(shù)方面以及與其自身的指代，要在意義上保持一致。二、連接手段連接不當(dāng)會造成上下文不銜接。英語中句與句連接一般使用并列連詞或從屬連詞?；蛉舨⒘芯洌袛?/p>

4、句與句之間是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，還是讓步關(guān)系。從而選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞，若為復(fù)合句，首先應(yīng)判斷內(nèi)含何種從句，然后根據(jù)主、從句之間的關(guān)系判斷連接詞的使用是否正確，是否有遺漏或多余現(xiàn)象，要注意句子結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性。三、平行結(jié)構(gòu)平行結(jié)構(gòu)是指兩個(gè)或更多的具有相似或相同的句法功能的詞、詞組或從句并列在一起的結(jié)構(gòu)，在表達(dá)相互平行的概念時(shí)，要使用相同的語法結(jié)構(gòu)，即動詞與動詞并列，形容詞與形容詞并列，不定式與不定式并列，短語與短語并列。平行結(jié)構(gòu)常使用等立連詞and,but, or或連詞詞組not onlybut also,not.but, eitheror,neithernor,as well as 等。四、非

5、謂語動詞形式主要考查不定式符號to的多余或遺漏，to是介詞還是不定式符號，現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞、動名詞等。五、刪除冗言造成冗言錯(cuò)誤的原因主要由于漢英表達(dá)上的差異。對英語慣用語在使用上的細(xì)微差異，主要考程度副詞和頻度副詞。如:much more, often等的多余，介詞的多余，語義的重復(fù)，固定搭配中多余的詞以及由于受漢語的影響而多用了某些詞語等。六、冠詞的使用冠詞是英語中特有的詞，由于漢語中沒有與之相對應(yīng)的詞，大家對它的用法感到難以掌握，高考英語短文改錯(cuò)題對冠詞的考查幾乎每年都有，但多數(shù)是考查其基本用法，如不可數(shù)名詞泛指時(shí)前面多冠詞；單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前少冠詞不定冠詞a，an與定冠詞the的錯(cuò)誤使用；

6、固定搭配中冠詞的誤用等等。七、名詞的數(shù)與格漢語中的名詞沒有單復(fù)數(shù)形式。英語則不同，如果英語的名詞是可數(shù)名詞，它有單復(fù)數(shù)形式。一般來講，不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)式。八、詞語搭配這主要考查介詞與動詞，名詞、形容詞的固定搭配，副詞與動詞的固定搭配，及物動詞后面介詞或副詞的多余以及不及物動詞后面缺少介詞，英語中的一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)及習(xí)慣搭配等。九、詞性分辨根據(jù)詞在句中的位置與其它詞的修飾與被修飾關(guān)系，判斷詞的正確使用形式，根據(jù)詞在句子中不同的句法功能，使用與之相適應(yīng)的詞性。十、行文邏輯這主要測試行文中not的有無；come與leave的誤用;before與after的混用。詳解：（1）詞法內(nèi)容。包括名詞、代詞的數(shù)

7、與格，反身代詞，動詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)，非謂語動詞、短語動詞的用法，不規(guī)則動詞的變化形式，形容詞的比較級，形容詞副詞的區(qū)別，介詞的誤用等。（2）句法內(nèi)容。包括主謂一致、指代一致，并列連詞，從屬連詞等引導(dǎo)各種從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞語，感嘆句，疑問句，祈使句的結(jié)構(gòu)等。（3）行文邏輯。包括句子的肯定、否定、推理判斷等。5.考點(diǎn)設(shè)置之名詞命題特點(diǎn):本來用復(fù)數(shù),卻用單數(shù).改正方法:(1)根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定成份;(2)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系. 詳解：1.She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.（schoolmate改為schoolmates）2.Af

8、ter class we become stranger at once.（stranger改為strangers）3.They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that Ill get marks in all my subject.（subject改為subjects）4.On the way up I was busy taking pture since the scenery was so beautiful.（pture改為ptures）5.There are advantage for students to work

9、 while studying at school.（advantage 改為advantages）6.He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.（ideas改為idea）7.) I looked at his other hands.（hands改為hand）6.考點(diǎn)設(shè)置之代詞命題特點(diǎn)：1.女性代詞指代男性或相反； 2.單數(shù)指代復(fù)數(shù)； 3.代詞詞性誤用。改正方法：聯(lián)系上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。代詞的錯(cuò)誤特點(diǎn)：1.人稱代詞的偷換錯(cuò)誤2.缺少人稱代詞的錯(cuò)誤3.人稱代詞數(shù)的一致問題4.人稱代詞格的一致問題詳解：The Smiths did hi

10、s best to make me feel at home.(his改為their)I have a good friend whos name is Liu Mei.( whos改為whose)It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain.The three of them were very ecited.（them改為us）Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as Iwas learning to epress me in simple Engli

11、sh .（me改為myself）One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher .（showed后加it）Some students may also save up for our college or future use .（our改為their）I took it in me and we walked.（me改為mine）7.考點(diǎn)設(shè)置之介詞命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：介詞涉及搭配錯(cuò)誤，因此可從以下方面確定錯(cuò)誤：1）介詞的基本用法；2）習(xí)慣搭配；3）動詞詞類確定錯(cuò)誤，如talk, serve, wait等。介詞的錯(cuò)誤：介詞短語常常

12、考，固定搭配要記牢。介詞后邊跟賓語，結(jié)合語境細(xì)推敲。詳解：We do not seem to get much time to talk about together.（去掉about）I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.（去掉at）The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English.（去掉was后的in）Well talk wit

13、h our plan for the weekend over dinner.（with改為about）I am writing to thank you with your kind help.（with改為for）He was looking for a glass the cupboard.（glass后加in）Each these lines stands for a trouble in my life.（each后加of）8.考點(diǎn)設(shè)置之時(shí)態(tài)命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：現(xiàn)在時(shí)與過去時(shí)的誤用，句中一般沒有時(shí)間狀語。每年都考。要注意聯(lián)系上下文，著眼于整個(gè)語篇的時(shí)態(tài)。通常整篇都是過去，突然一個(gè)句子

14、用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。其中又以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí)互改為多。詳解：They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that-（did改為do）The time passes qukly.Evening came.（passes改為passed）She liked it very much and reads it to the class.（reads改為read）I dont know that they dont like to talk with me.So

15、metimes, we talked to each other very well in class.（talked改為talk）I will write again and send you the photos we take together.（take改為took）We had guests last night who have not stayed in a BB hotel ago.（have改為had）9.andbutor誤用及前后不一致命題特點(diǎn)：主要考查and、or、but、so等并列連詞的誤用。However與although/though 不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)改正方法；1）根據(jù)

16、句意確定誤； 2）根據(jù)句子的邏輯關(guān)系確定錯(cuò)誤。詳解：) She is smiling at me but nodding at me.（but改為and）It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.（and改為or）The food was epensive and the serve was good.（and改為but）I came into the living room and saw one of them jus tgo through the kitchen door but turn on the li

17、ght.（but改為and）We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.（visiting改為visited）She liked it very much and reads it to the class.（reads改為read）10.考點(diǎn)設(shè)置之從句連詞命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面的錯(cuò)誤主要涉及句子成份和復(fù)合句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞等。解答這類題從以下方面來思考：1）句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）復(fù)合句中從句的關(guān)系詞或引導(dǎo)詞的運(yùn)用是否得當(dāng)?shù)?。平行結(jié)構(gòu)常使用等立連詞and,but, or或連詞詞組not onlybut also, eith

18、eror,neithernor遵循就近原則。主語+With,together with,as well as,besides，動詞與主語一致and，but,or,also 前后動詞時(shí)態(tài)不一致。(具有對稱性）詳解：It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.（noon后加when）I dont know that they dont like to talk with me.（that改為why）The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried

19、 to translate everything into English.（去掉that前的in）What things are in other homes, I wonder.（What改為How）Earning their own money allows them to spend on anything as if they please.（去掉if）They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning.（去掉that）11.考點(diǎn)設(shè)置之冠詞命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：英語中冠詞只有

20、三個(gè)，只能從以下幾個(gè)方向出題：1）不定冠詞a和an互改；2）不定冠詞a或an和定冠詞the互改；3）根據(jù)需要增刪冠詞。詳解：As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.（famous前加a）We may be one family and live under a same roof, but-（a改為the）On Thursday I will have to decide what I want to doover a weekend.（a改為the）I hope youve had

21、 pleasant journey home （had后加a）12.考點(diǎn)設(shè)置之形容詞和副詞命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：主要考查形容詞和副詞的誤用、形容詞及副詞的比較級等。1）根據(jù)adj.或adv.的基本用法確定錯(cuò)誤；2）修飾連系動詞或名詞用形容詞；3）修飾行為動詞、形容詞、過去分詞及整個(gè)句子用副詞。詳解：I would describe myself as shy and quietly.（quietly改為quiet）There have been reports in Amera about people trying to steal person information for bad pur

22、poses.（person改為personal）Finding information on the Net is easily.（easily改為easy）So what I learned from the job was much more important as what I earned.（as改為than）My pronunciation was terribly .（terribly改為terrible）They came back lately and had some tea.（lately改為late）13.考點(diǎn)設(shè)置之非謂語動詞命題特點(diǎn)改正方法：1）謂語動詞和非謂語動詞的

23、錯(cuò)用；2）動詞不定式和動名詞的錯(cuò)用；3）現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的錯(cuò)用等。詳解：Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything as they please.（allow 改為allows）My parents will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.（make前加to）Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to epress myself in simple English.（talk改為talking）We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.（visiting改為visited）Some students may also to save up for our college or future use.（去掉to）14.短文改錯(cuò)口訣動詞形，名詞數(shù)，還要注意形和副； 非謂語，細(xì)辨別，習(xí)慣用法要記住； 句子成分多分析，邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注； 冠詞連詞常光顧詳解：一、動詞形：主要包括兩類錯(cuò)誤：動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤，以及主、謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤。動詞形常見錯(cuò)誤：1）一般過去時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)錯(cuò)用。2）