高一英語Scientists at work教案

1、高一英語Scientists at work教案目標導(dǎo)引.單詞及短語experiment, comfort, conduct, prove, a great deal of, tear, test on, doubt, mean, fix, go against. 語法：單詞構(gòu)詞法復(fù)合詞(Compounds)內(nèi)容精講.單詞及短語精講1. experiment (1) n.實驗;試驗“做實驗”為：make/ do/ perform/ carry out an experiment 某方面的實驗: an experiment in chemistry/physics(2) v.進行實驗，實驗，接賓

2、語時用 with/on experiment with new methods/ materials試驗新方法/新材料experiment on animals = make experiments on animals用動物做實驗。2. conduct v.引導(dǎo)，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，管理，指揮，行為,傳導(dǎo)e.g. A girl conducted the visitors around the museum.一位姑娘領(lǐng)著游客在博物館中參觀。If he conducts his business affairs in the careless way, he will never succeed.如果他馬馬

3、虎虎地處理公事，他永遠也不會成功的。Who is conducting the band this evening?今晚誰指揮樂隊？He conducts himself well.他行為端正。Copper conducts electricity better than other materials.銅的導(dǎo)電性能比別的材料好。3.deal(1) n.分量(表示數(shù)量)e.g. He has given me a great deal of help.他給我大量的幫助。I have heard a great deal about you.我聽了很多關(guān)于你的事。(2) v. deal with

4、 a.處理e.g. I have a lot of letters to deal with today.今天我有很多信件要處理。The boy dealt with the maths problem in a different way.孩子以不同的方法處理這個數(shù)學(xué)難題。How did you deal with matters of this sort?你是怎么處理這類事情的？b.對付，和打交道e.g. That man is impossible to deal with.那人是無法相處的。A teacher should deal fairly with his students.老

5、師應(yīng)公正地對待學(xué)生。c.論述，涉及e.g. The subject isn't very well dealt with in his book.這個問題在他的書里沒有得到很好的論述。4. prove(1) vt.證明，證實，后接名詞、代詞、從句和復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)e.g. We have proved our courage in battle.我們在戰(zhàn)斗中證實了自己的勇氣。Who can prove it?誰能證實這一點呢？They will prove that we are telling the truth.他們可以證明我們講的是事實。Can you prove what you we

6、re doing at 10 o'clock last night?你能證明昨天晚上十點鐘你在干什么？Time will prove me right.時間會證明我是對的。(2)link v.證明，結(jié)果是，后接形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、名詞、不定式to bee.g. The instrument has proved useful.這種儀器證明是有用的。He proved an honest friend.事實證明他是個誠實的朋友。It will prove of little use.結(jié)果會證明它沒有什么用。He may prove to be the most suitable pe

7、rson for the job.他結(jié)果可能是最適合這項工作的人。5. tear v.撕(破)，扯，被撕(掛)破e.g. He tore the photograph into pieces.他把照片撕碎了。Mary fell down in the street and tore her dress.瑪麗在街上摔倒了，裙子掛破了。This material tears easily.這種料很容易破。The clothes were torn.衣服破了。6. test vt. (1)測驗，考 e.g. The teacher tested the students' knowledge

8、 of grammar.老師測驗學(xué)生的語法知識。The students were tested on their English.學(xué)生在考英語。(2)檢驗，試用，檢查e.g. They tested the new plane.他們在檢驗新飛機。Perhaps I need glasses I'd better have my eyes tested.也許我得戴眼鏡了，我得去檢查一下我的眼睛。(3)考查，考驗e.g. Now I had the opportunity to test myself.現(xiàn)在我有機會來考驗我自己了。The long journey tested their

9、 patience.長途旅行考驗了他們的耐性。(4) test on 在(身上)做試驗e.g. Scientists decided to test the drug on animals.科學(xué)家決定用動物做實驗來檢驗藥品。(5) test out考驗出，檢驗完e.g. He would not be able to test out his theories.他將無法檢驗他的理論。7. doubt (1) vt.懷疑，不相信，后接名詞、代詞、從句e.g. I doubt his honesty.我懷疑他的誠實。I'm sorry that I doubted you before.對

10、不起我曾經(jīng)懷疑過你。I don't doubt that you are honest.我相信你是誠實的。I doubt whether he will come.我懷疑他是否會來。(2) n.懷疑e.g. He had no doubt on that point.在那一點上他毫不懷疑。I have not doubt that we shall be able to do something for you. 我決不懷疑我們能為你做點什么。There was no doubt that he was a fine doctor.毫無疑問他是個好醫(yī)生。There is some do

11、ubt whether John will come on time. 不知道約翰能否按時到。注意：在否定句和疑問句中，doubt后的從句用that引導(dǎo)，在肯定句中 doubt后的從句用whether / if引導(dǎo)(doubt是名詞時，只能用whether)。(3) beyond doubt毫無疑問without (a) doubt毫無疑問，一定地in doubt懷疑，猶疑，不肯定.句子精講8. In my opinion, it is a waste of money.在我看來，這是浪費金錢。(1) in one's opinion = in the opinion of sb.在某

12、人看來e.g. in my opinion,在我看來in their opinion在他們看來in everyone's opinion在每個人看來in the opinion of most people在大多數(shù)人看來(2) a waste of 浪費waste在這里是不可數(shù)名詞，但可以和a連用e.g. It's a waste of time to wait any longer.再等下去是浪費時間。It's a waste of breath to talk to him.和他交談是白費口舌。It's a waste of time arguing wit

13、h him.你和他爭辯是浪費時間。What a waste of energy!這多么浪費精力！9.We should make more use of this new technology.我們應(yīng)該更多地利用新技術(shù)。make use of利用，在名詞use前面可以加上不同的形容詞來表示不同程度的利用。e.g. make good use of合理利用，make the best use of盡量利用，make full use of充分利用名詞use還可組成其他詞組：e.g. be in use在使用中 be of great use很有用處go out of use不被使用，廢棄come

14、 into use開始被使用bring / put to use加以利用for the use of供使用10.What are they famous for ?他們靠什么出名？be famous/known著名，為眾人所知(1)be famous / known for因為成名,表示成名的原因e.g. Switzerland is famous / known for its mountains.瑞士以它的山而聞名。He is famous for his history story.他因為他寫的歷史小說而出名。He is known for his readiness to help o

15、thers.大家都知道他總是樂于幫助別人。(2)be famous / known as以什么身份而成名e.g. He is famous as a writer rather than a poet.他是作為一名作家，而不是作為一名詩人而聞名。She is known as a great singer.大家都知道她是個大歌星。(3) be famous / known to為人所知e.g. He is known to every one of us.我們每人都知道他。It's known to all that they do an important and necessary

16、 job.大家都知道他們干的是重要的并且是必要的工作。11. The string was getting charged!細線正在導(dǎo)電。get在這里是代替助動詞be,與過去分詞連用，以強調(diào)主語的被動行為。e.g. They got caught in the big rain on their way here.他們來這兒的路上遇到了這場大雨。He got burnt while putting out the fire.在滅火時他被燒傷了。Did he get burnt in that accident? 他在那次事故中受傷了嗎？The car got stuck in the snow

17、. 汽車陷在了雪中。注意: get done有時不表示被動意思e.g. Do you know she's got married?你知道她已經(jīng)結(jié)婚了嗎？I've got used to such a way of life.我已習(xí)慣了這樣的生活方式。Don't get excited about it.別為這激動。get還有其他用法(1)get用作使役動詞時，其賓語補足語可用多種形式，用動詞的什么形式取決于該動詞與賓語之間的關(guān)系。get sth./ sb.to do/ doing/ done/ adj.e.g. You must get them to come ov

18、er here at once.( = have them come)你得想法讓他們馬上到這兒來。I'll get Mary to do the washing for you.(= have Mary do)我來讓瑪麗替你洗這些衣服。Why don't you get your shoes mended.(= have your shoes mended)你怎么不請人把鞋補一補。I'll go and get my hair cut. (= have my hair cut)我要去理發(fā)。The next thing is to get the problem sett

19、led as soon as possible.接下來就是盡快使問題得到解決。He got his leg broken while playing football.踢足球時他的腿骨折了。Can you get the car going again?你能使汽車再次開動起來嗎？Have you got supper ready?你把晚飯做好了嗎？I can't get the window open.這窗戶我打不開。(2) get to do表示從沒有到有的變化，指不定式動詞的動作或狀態(tài)的開始，這時不定式動詞大多為意識性或情感性的動詞，動詞come可代替get,不改變這一作用。e.g

20、. I got to know him in 1998.我是1998年認識他的。You'll soon get to like the work.你不久就會喜歡這份工作的。We have got to see the importance of studying English.我們開始認識到學(xué)英語的重要性。12. Fly the kite when a thunderstorm appears to be coming on.當(dāng)雷雨好像就要來的時候放飛風(fēng)箏。come on在這里表示“開始(起來)，襲來”。e.g. It came on dark.天黑了。Rain came on/ i

21、t came on to rain just before daybreak.天快亮?xí)r開始下起雨來。He felt a cold coming on.他覺得有點感冒了。come on有其他含義:(1)跟著來e.g. You go first. I'll come on immediately.你先走，我馬上跟來。(2)進步，進展，成長e.g. The corn is coming on splendidly.玉米長勢好極了。How is your work coming on?你的工作情況如何？(3)(問題、案件等)被提出來e.g. The case will soon come on

22、 for trial.這案件很快就要開審。come的其他短語(1) come out出現(xiàn)，被獲知，出版，結(jié)局e.g. The stars come out (= appeared) as soon as it is dark.天一黑星星就出來了。How did the printing come out ( = appear)?這種印刷是如何出現(xiàn)的？The news came out (= became known) yesterday.這個消息是昨天傳出來的。The truth finally came out (= became known).真相終于大白。When will your b

23、ook come out (= be published).你的書何時出版？How did the ball game come out (= end)?這場球賽的結(jié)局如何？(2) come about發(fā)生e.g. How did all this come about (= happen/ take place)?所有的這一切是怎樣發(fā)生的？It came out (= happened) in this way.這事就是這樣發(fā)生的。(3)come back恢復(fù)，重現(xiàn)于記憶中。e.g. They asked me to rest till my health came back.他們要我一直休

24、息到健康恢復(fù)為止。Their names are all coming back to me now.他們的名字，我現(xiàn)在漸漸地都想起來了。(4)come up走近，發(fā)芽，被提出e.g.Christmas is coming up soon.圣誕節(jié)快到了。The seeds haven't come up yet.種子還沒有發(fā)芽。The question will come up tomorrow.這個問題將于明天被提出來討論。13.but animal rights activists say that it does not work.但是動物權(quán)力活動家們說這不起作用。work v.

25、有效、靈驗、行得通、運轉(zhuǎn)、開動，這時主語是非生物類名詞。e.g. It's a good idea, but it won't work.這是個好主意，但就是行不通。The plan worked smoothly.這個辦法很能解決問題。The medicine will not work.這藥不靈。The clock hasn't been working since this morning.這只鐘從今天早上起就不轉(zhuǎn)了。Yes, the method might work.是的，此法可能行得通。.語法精講14.單詞構(gòu)詞法復(fù)合詞( Compounds) (1)復(fù)合詞分

26、為 名詞復(fù)合詞 e.g.day + break daybreak (n. + n.)拂曉，破曉，黎明play + house playhouse ( v. + n.)戲院hair + cut haircut (n. + v.)理發(fā)，做頭發(fā)，發(fā)型，發(fā)式wind + mill windmill ( n. + n.)風(fēng)車動詞復(fù)合詞 e.g.brain + wash brainwash ( n. + v.)洗腦baby + sit babysit (n. + v.)臨時受雇照料嬰兒形容詞復(fù)合詞 e.g.man + eating maneating (n. + v.ing)食人的heart + brok

27、en heartbroken (n. + v.ed)使人傷心的 duty + free dutyfree (n. + adj.)免關(guān)稅的介詞復(fù)合詞 e.g.in + tointo進入through + out throughout遍及(2)復(fù)合名詞(compound noun):兩個名詞用在一起表達意思a.兩個名詞聯(lián)合在一起，中間無連字符 “-”e.g. headache頭痛 newspaper報紙 railway鐵軌 timetable時間表b.兩個名詞中間由連字符號“-”連起來e.g. mouse-trap捕鼠器 tooth-brush 牙刷 man-servant男仆 traffic-l

28、ight紅綠燈c.兩個名詞分開，無連字符號 “-”e.g. flower shop花店 police station警察局 goods train貨車 washing machine洗衣機d.一個可數(shù)名詞加上一個副詞或介詞，中間有連字符號 “-”e.g. looker-on旁觀者 passer-by過路人e.一個動詞加上一個副詞或介詞，中間有連字符號 “-”e.g. close-up(電影等的)特寫鏡頭 sit-in(室內(nèi))靜坐抗議一般而言，復(fù)合詞中右邊的成分不僅決定整個復(fù)合詞的范疇，而且同樣也決定復(fù)合詞的主要意義。從這個意義上講，右邊的成分充當(dāng)了核心詞。遷移發(fā)散15. mean v.(1)

29、mean to do意欲，打算做e.g. I'm sorry if my words hurt you, I didn't mean to.如果我的話傷了你，請你原諒，我是無意的。Do you mean to start an argument?你是想辯論嗎？(2) mean doing意思是，意味著e.g. What he said meant hiring more workers.他的意思是再雇一些工人。(3)mean sb.to do sth.要某人做某事e.g. The teacher didn't mean you to come so early.老師并不

30、是要你來這么早。注意：means n.手段，方法，單復(fù)數(shù)相同e.g. Every means has been tried.= All of the means have been tried.所有的/每個方法都嘗試了。過關(guān)題(1) Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. A.is used B.are used C.has been used D.have been used答案：C(2)Why haven't you bought any butter?

31、 I_ to but I forgot about it.A.likedB.wishedC.meantD.expected答案：C(3)You should have thanked her before you left.I meant _, but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere. A.to doB.toC.doingD.doing so答案：B(4) In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour.A.waitingB.to waitC.

32、waitD.to be waiting答案：A16.表示數(shù)量“大量”短語修飾可數(shù)名詞：a large number of,a great/good many, quite a few修飾不可數(shù)名詞：a great deal of,a large amount of, quite a little既可修飾可數(shù)，又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞：a lot of / lots of , plenty of, a large quantity of e.g. The country has a great deal of oil, coal and natural gas.這個國家有大量的石油、煤炭和天然氣。Th

33、e squirrel hides a large quantity of nuts inside trees.松鼠在樹干里藏了很多堅果。There are plenty of eggs in the house.家中有很多蛋。A large number of people came from all parts of the country to visit the exhibition.許多人從國內(nèi)各地來參觀這個展覽。A large amount of money is spent on tobacco every year.每年要花費大量金錢在煙草上。過關(guān)題(1) _ work has

34、been done to improve the people's standard.A.ManyB.A great manyC.A large number ofD.A great deal of答案：D(2) A good deal of money _ spent on books.A.haveB.hasC.have beenD.has been答案：D(3) _ students is more than two thousand in this school.A.The number ofB.A good manyC.A number ofD.Plenty of答案：A17.

35、 fix v.(1)安排，確定e.g. They telephone people and fix a time for a face-to-face interview with them.他們給有關(guān)人員打電話，約定一個時間當(dāng)面采訪他們。Shall we fix the price now?我們要不要把價錢定下來？The meeting was fixed for nine o'clock that morning.會議定于早上九點開始。(2)修理，修補e.g. You'd better get somebody to fix the broken machine.你最好請人

36、把這臺破機器修一下。注意：表示“安裝”時，常用fix upe.g. fix up the light裝燈 fix up the machine安裝機器(3)注視，專心于fix one's eyes (attention/ mind) on/ upon e.g. She fixed her eyes on the clock on the wall.她眼睛盯著墻上的那只鐘。The students fixed their minds on what the teacher was saying.學(xué)生們正集中注意力聽老師講話。(4)固定e.g. He fixed the mirror on

37、 the wall.他把鏡子安在墻上。過關(guān)題(1) Tom sat in class with his eyes _ on the flowers outside the window.A.fixingB.fixedC.lookingD.looked答案：A(2)He stood by the window with_me.A.his eyes fixed onB.his eyes fixing onC.fixing eyes toD.his eyes to fix on答案：A18.protect v.(1)保護，警戒protect frome.g. He raised his arm to

38、 protect his face from the blow.他舉起手臂護住臉，以免被一拳打中。Young plants should be well protected from the cold.幼苗必須很好地保護以免受凍。(2)防御襲擊protectagainste.g. The hen protected its young against being attacked by the cat.母雞保護小雞使其免遭貓的襲擊。過關(guān)題(1) Wind coming, farmers_young plants from cold by covering them with hay.(B正確)

39、A.defendB.protectC.guardD.prevent19. appear, seem, look(1) appear看起來，似乎，顯得，是視覺給人的一種直覺和看法，往往有與實際不符之意。e.g. The house appeared in good condition.這房子好像保護得不錯。He appears (to be ) an honest man.他看起來像個誠實的人。It appears to me that he is quite well again.他的病似乎已經(jīng)好了。(2)seem似乎，對某事物的判斷雖不肯定或有懷疑之意，但還是有一定的根據(jù)，真實的可能性比ap

40、pear要大。e.g. We seemed to have heard of the name.我們似乎聽過那個名字。It seems as if there is going to be a heavy snow.似乎將有一場大雪。It seems that he will be sent abroad next year.他似乎明年將被派出國。(3)look看起來，好像,比appear含有較多真實性，側(cè)重外觀。e.g. She looked a bit nervous.她好像有點緊張。It looks as if it is going to rain.好像要下雨。過關(guān)題(1) He is

41、 only in his early thirties, but he_ more than fifty.A.seemsB.likesC.appearsD.is答案：C(2) Miss Kate smiled at them all, _to say something, and went quietly out.A.lookedB .appearedC .wishedD.hoped答案：B20. stop (from) doing阻止或避免某種情況的發(fā)生= prevent (from) doing= keep from doing stop/ prevent后的from可以省略，但在被動語態(tài)

42、中不能省。e.g. The rain prevented him from coming.大雨使他不能來。She was prevented / stopped / kept by illness from taking the exam.她因病未能參加考試。過關(guān)題(1) He stopped me _ into his room.A.from goingB.to goC.for goingD.went答案：A(2) I believe there must be some way to _ such a thing happening.A.keepB .preventC.rejectD.re

43、fuse答案：B過關(guān)題(1) He stood on one leg_against the wall, while he took off his shoe.A.lyingB.leaningC.fallingD.stopping答案：B(2) We should never run _ the nature.A.upB.withC.forD.against答案：D課文背景閱讀BENJAMIN FRANKLIN was born in Milk Street, Boston, on January 6, 1706. His father, Josiah Franklin, was a tall

44、ow chandler who married twice, and of his seventeen children Benjamin was the youngest son. His schooling ended at ten, and at twelve he was bound apprentice to his brother James, a printer, who published the “New England Courant”. To this journal he became a contributor, and later was for a time it

45、s nominal editor. But the brothers quarreled, and Benjamin ran away, going first to New York, and thence to Philadelphia.He set up a printing house of his own from which he published “The Pennsylvania Gazette”, to which he contributed many essays, and which he made a medium for agitating a variety o

46、f local reforms. In 1732 he began to issue his famous “Poor Richard's Almanac” for the enrichment of which he borrowed or composed those pithy utterances of worldly wisdom which are the basis of a large part of his popular reputation. In 1758, the year in which he ceases writing for the Almanac,

47、 he printed in it “Father Abraham's Sermon”, now regarded as the most famous piece of literature produced in Colonial America.Meantime Franklin was concerning himself more and more with public affairs. He set forth a scheme for an Academy, which was taken up later and finally developed into the

48、University of Pennsylvania; and he founded an “American Philosophical Society” for the purpose of enabling scientific men to communicate their discoveries to one another. He himself had already begun his electrical researches, which, with other scientific inquiries, he called on in the intervals of

49、money-making and politics to the end of his life. In 1748 he sold his business in order to get leisure for study, having now acquired comparative wealth; and in a few years he had made discoveries that gave him a reputation with the learned throughout Europe. In politics he proved very able both as

50、an administrator and as a controversialist,but his record as an office-holder is stained by the use he made of his position to advance his relatives. His most notable service in home politics was his reform of the postal system,but his fame as a statesman rests chiefly on his services in connection

51、with the relations of the Colonies with Great Britain, and later with France. On his arrival in Philadelphia he was chosen a member of the Continental Congress and in 1777 he was despatched to France as commissioner for the United States. Here he remained till 1785, the favorite of French society; a

52、nd with such success did he conduct the affairs of his country that when he finally returned he received a place only second to that of Washington as the champion of American independence. He died on April 17, 1790.課后訓(xùn)練一、單項選擇1.They are_of different presses. Now they are having a meeting in one of th

53、e _ office.A.editor-in-chiefs; editors-in-chief'sB.editors-in-chief; editor-in-chief'sC.editors-in-chiefs; editor's-in-chief'sD.editors-in-chief; editors-in-chief's2.I have _ to do every day. A.many homeworksB.many houseworkC.much houseworkD.a lot of houseworks3.Many children hav

54、e to see the films for _.A.grown-up B.growns-upC.grown-ups D.growns-ups4.Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. A.payB.payingC.paidD .to pay5.How are the team playing?They're playing well, but one of them _ hurt.A.gotB.getsC.areD.were 6.What the doctors really doubt is_ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why7.The teacher's eyes, without any expression, _me. A.fixed uponB.were fixed onC.glared atD.stared at8.He always tells lies though he _ hones