專四新題型寫作講義

1、1 .專四寫作題型簡(jiǎn)介考試項(xiàng)目改革前改革后分值字?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)間分值字?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)間Composition15200352020045Note writing1050 6010無(wú)此項(xiàng)2 .四級(jí)作文考試要求測(cè)試要求：能根據(jù)所給的作文題目、圖表或閱讀材料等，寫一篇200個(gè)單詞左右的作文。能做到內(nèi)容相關(guān)、充實(shí)，語(yǔ)言通順，用詞恰當(dāng)，表達(dá)得體?？荚嚂r(shí)間45分鐘。測(cè)試形式：本部分為作答題，要求學(xué)生根據(jù)題目要求作答。本部分為命題作文，文章體裁主要屬于說明 文、議論文或記敘文的范圍。測(cè)試目的：測(cè)試學(xué)生的基本書面表達(dá)能力。3 .如何安排45分鐘的考試時(shí)間:步驟時(shí)間安排1.解讀材料10分鐘2.列提綱3分鐘3.寫作文30分鐘4.檢查

2、拼寫和語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤2分鐘年份TEM4乍文材料長(zhǎng)度2016 年222字2017 年251字2018 年275字2019 年300字4 .評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)評(píng)分檔次（6個(gè)等級(jí)）分?jǐn)?shù)段（整體描述）內(nèi)容闡述能力（10 分）篇章組織能力（3分）語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力（7分）518-20415-17312-146-728-1111-71-51-300000寫作Lesson 1:如何縮寫1 .如何對(duì)所給材料提出 SUMMARY縮寫評(píng)分要求內(nèi)容觸腌力熊耳寬分W肯=日王三灌注耒道可匕主云金”黑三討萼佳說W/隹布科旺點(diǎn)第一，字?jǐn)?shù)要求?？s寫的字?jǐn)?shù)不超過原文的三分之一第二，縮寫必須準(zhǔn)確表述文摘的主題和中心內(nèi)容第三，縮寫必須全面抓住材料的所有

3、要點(diǎn)2 .如何抓住材料要點(diǎn)語(yǔ)篇分析訓(xùn)練1 .材料的主題/話題（topic ）是什么：2 .材料的要點(diǎn)是什么3 .專四材料常見類型和常見文章發(fā)展模式：觀點(diǎn)型問題解決型因果分析型4 . summary的寫作框架Step 1: 引出 topic （一句話）Step 2:介紹材料觀點(diǎn)（一句話）Step 3：概括要點(diǎn)（2-5句話）常見要點(diǎn)類型：原因、解決辦法、積極/消極影響、范例分析Read carefully the following excerpt on term-time holiday arguments in the UK, and then write your response In N

4、O LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should:1) summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then2) comment on whether parents should take children out of school for holiday during term time in order to save moneyYou should support yourself with information from the excerptMarks will be awarded for

5、content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marksTerm-time holidays will be banned (2016年真題)Parents are to be banned by Michael Gove, UK s Education Secretary, from taking their children out of school to

6、save money on holidays.He is to abolish the right of head teachers to authorise absence from the classroom, which has been used to let families take term-time breaks, and will warn them they face fines for their children not being at school“Any time out of school has the potential to damage a child

7、s education, asenior source at the Department for Education said this weekend. That is why the government will end the distinction between authorised and unauthorised absence.”“This is part of the government s wider commitment to bring down truancy levels in our schools. There will also be stricter

8、penalties for parents and schools.”The tough measures on truancy are part of a wider attempt by Mr. Gove to make education more academically rigorous and to tackle a culture in the educationalestablishment which he believes has accepted excuses for failure.Russell Hobby, the general secretary of the

9、 National Association of HeadTeachers, said the measure would discourage parents from trying to put pressure on heads to sanction term time holidays. The high cost of holidays outside of term time is still an issue but ultimately a childs education is more important than a holiday, he said.*_.卷一：Ter

10、m-time Holidays Should Be BannedWhether the term-time holidays should be banned has aroused an heaten discussion for a longtime. Some in favor of hold that the more popular term-time holidays they are, the more bad influencechildren will have. However, some against it because they think take their c

11、hildren out of school for holiday during term time can save much money.From my point of view, I am inclined to ban the term-time holidays,評(píng)價(jià) :卷二Term-time Holidays Should Be BannedAs is known to all, it pays too much if we go on holidays outside of term time. As a result, some parents are inclined to

12、 take their children out of school to save money on holidays.Recently, a hot discussion about whether term-time holidays should be banned attracts our attention. In terms of this topic, Michael Gove,UK S Education Secretary, is in favor of it.As experts said, any time out of school was likely to dam

13、agea childs education. The authoratatives contend that parents should be fined for their mistakes. On the other hand, some people think the punishment is excessive but a child s education is more important than a holiday.From my perspective, I hold the view that term-time holidays should be banned f

14、or following reasons:評(píng)價(jià) :卷三My Opinion on the Term-time HolidaysThe latest news on the term-time holidays reveals that parents are to be banned from taking their children away from school during term-time. Those who break this new rule will face fines as a result.The regulation was established, accor

15、ding to a senior source at the Department for Education, mainly because the time out of school would do harm to children s educational development. Healso mentioned that the regulation was an integral part of governments practice to lower the truancy levels in schools. This rigorous measure is belie

16、ved to resolve the cultural problems in the education eventually. Additionally,the general secretary of the National Association ofHead Teachers considered the measure useful as it would prevent parents from too much pressure.To the best of my belief, it is unwise to ban parents from taking their ch

17、ildren out of school for holiday in purpose of saving money. Firstly,.評(píng)價(jià) :卷四As can be seen from the excerpt, in UK, there is a frequent occurrence amongparents to take their children out of school to enjoy holidays duringnormal term time. This is partly due tothe costof journey since this behavior w

18、ill save them money. However, it can be summarized that parents are banned by UKS Education Department from taking their children out of academic study to go on holidays. Whats more, those who violate the regulations would be fined and punished.評(píng)價(jià) :卷五New research has shown that nearly four out of te

19、n parents in the UK have taken their children out of school to go on holidays. Cost is the main reason given by parents for sacrificing their childrens education. Parents are to be banned, however, by UKS Education Authority from taking their children out of school to go on holidays during term time

20、.評(píng)彳介:6.真題研析2017年專四作文題目Read carefully the following excerpt and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should1) summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then2) commenton whether our brains will get lazy in a world run by intelligent machines.You can support yourself wi

21、th information from the excerpt.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marksWith intelligent machines to do the thinking, will our brains get lazyChanging technology stimula

22、tes the brain and increases intelligence. But that mayonly be true if the technology challenges us. In a world run by intelligent machines, our lives could get a lot simpler. Would that make us less intelligentArtificial intelligence is taking over manyhumanjobs. For instance,planes arebeing flown m

23、uch of the time by automatic pilots. And the complex problem of controlling air traffic around large modern airports is also achieved by artificial intelligence that operates well beyond the capability of mere human air traffic controllers.Artificial intelligence is embeddedin manyfeatures of modern

24、life for the simple reason that intelligent machines can already outperform humans, including some aptitudes where there was once thought to be a humanadvantage, such as playing chess, and writing poetry, or even novels.As machines get smarter, they will do more of our thinking for us and make life

25、easier. In the future, the electronic assistant will develop to the point that it serves similar functions as a real living butler, fulfilling requests such as: Organize a dinner party for six on Thursday and invite the usual guests.”At that point, our long struggle with challenging technologies is

26、at an end. Like Bertie Wooster, we can take it easy knowing that the hard work of planning and organizing is being done by a better brainthe electronic assistant. Starvedof mental effort, our brains will regress.要點(diǎn)總結(jié)TopicViewpoint（誰(shuí)的觀點(diǎn)）要點(diǎn)SUMMARY:2018年專四作文題目Read carefully the following report, and th

27、en write your response inNO LESS THAN 200words, In which you should:1) summarize the main message of the report, and then2)comment on the two points made by Stephen Corry, Survivals DirectorYou can support yourself with information from the reportMarks will be awarded for content relevance, content

28、sufficiency, organization and language quality, Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marksWrite your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.Report exposes the dark side of conservationA report launched by Survival International-the global movement for tribal people right sreveals

29、 how conservation has led to the eviction of millionsof tribal people from protected areas, since protected areas like national parks should generally be no go for miming, agriculture, dams, roads and pipelines.Survivals report shows that nearly all protected areas are, or have been, the ancestral h

30、omelands of tribal peoples, who have been dependent on, and managed them for thousands of years. But in the name of conservation, tribal peoples are being illegally driven out from these lands and accuse “poaching; meanwhile, tourists and fee-paying big game hunters are welcomed in.Bushman Daugoo Xu

31、kuri from the Central Kalahari Game Reserve in Botswana said, I sit and look around the country. Wherever there are bushmen, there is game. Why Because we know how to take care of animals. ”Survivals report concludes that the current model of conservation needs a radical shakeup. Conservation must s

32、tick to international law, protect tribal peoples rights to their lands, listen to them. and then be prepared to back them up as much as they can.Survivals Director Stephen Corry said, “Millions are being spent by conservationists every year, and yet the environments in deepening crisis. Its time to

33、 wake up and realize that there is another way and its much, muchbetter. Firstly, tribal peoples rights have to be acknowledged and respected. Secondly, they have to be treated as the best experts at defending their ownlands. Conservationists must realize its they, themselves, who are junior partner

34、s.”要點(diǎn)總結(jié)TopicViewpoint（誰(shuí)的觀點(diǎn)）要點(diǎn)SUMMARY:2019年專四作文題目Read carefully the following excerpt and then write your response in NOLESSTHAN200 WORDS, in which you should1) summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then2)comment on Brewers view that parents should join in with their kids rather than limit t

35、heir media consumption,You can support yourself with information from the excerpt.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREEHow m

36、uch screen time is too much for kidsParents have been advised to limit media consumption of their children, but research suggests its the nature of it that matters.For many parents in the digital age, battles with their kids over screen time and devices have become a depressing part of family life.

37、Many parents will now be relieved to hear that recent research suggests that it s not so much the length,but the nature of the screen time that matters.Jocelyn Brewer, a psychologist who specializes in the concept of digital nutrition likens media diets to whats on our plates: rather than counting c

38、alories (or screen time) think about what you re eating.Its not Just about whether you consume any potential digital Junk foods, but also your relationship to technology and the role it plays in your family life, says Brewer.For young children, the most important thing is whether parents and kids ar

39、e playing, watching or browsing together.A study of 20,000 parents published late last year by the Oxford Internet Institute and Cardiff University determined that there was no correlation between limiting device use and childrens well-being. The studys lead author Dr. Andrew Pryzbylski said: Our fi

40、ndings suggest the broader family context, how parents set rules about digital screen time, and if they are actively engaged in exploring the digital world together, are more important than the raw screen time.”“The consensus is that screen time, in and of itself, is not harmful -and reasonable rest

41、rictions vary greatly, depending on a childs behavior and personality. There is little point in worrying about how manyminutes a day your kids are spending with screens, says Brewer. Instead, parents should be doing what they can to ensure that what they are watching, playing and reading is high qua

42、lity, age-appropriate and safeand joining in wherever possible.”要點(diǎn)總結(jié)TopicViewpoint（誰(shuí)的觀點(diǎn)）要點(diǎn)SUMMARY:7.模擬訓(xùn)練模擬題一Read carefully the following excerpt on Historical Debate on Animal Experimentation, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 WORDS, in which you shouldthe main message of the excerpt,

43、 and thenon whether we should use animals for experimentation purpose or notYou should support yourself with information from the excerpt。Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss

44、 of marksHistorical Debate on Animal ExperimentationAs the experimentation on animals increased, especially the practice of vivisection, so did criticism and controversy. In 1655, the advocate of Galenicphysiology Edmund O Meara said that the miserable torture of vivisection places the body in an un

45、natural state. OMeara and others argued that animal physiology could be affected by pain during vivisection, rendering results unreliable. There were also objections on an ethical basis, contending that the benefit to humans did not justify the harm to animals. Early objections to animal testing als

46、o came from another angle-many people believed that animals were inferior to humans and so different that results from animals could not be applied tohumans.On the other side of the debate, those in favor of animal testing held that experiments on animals were necessary to advance medical and biolog

47、ical knowledge. Claude Bernardwho is sometimes known as the prince of vivisectors and thefather of physiology, and whose wife, Marie Francoise Martin, founded the first anti-vivisection society in France in 1883famously wrote in 1865 that thescience of life is a superb and dazzlingly lighted hall wh

48、ich may be reached only by passing through a long and ghastly kitchen. Arguing that experiments on animals - are enti rely conclusive for the toxicology and hygiene of man. the effects of these substances are the sameon manas on animals, save for differences in degree, Bernard established animal exp

49、erimentation as part of the standard scientific method.TopicViewpoint（誰(shuí)的觀點(diǎn)）要點(diǎn)SUMMARY:模擬題二Read carefully the following excerpt on safety of genetically modified food, and then write your response in no less than 200 words, in which you shouldthe main message of the excerpt, and thenon whether we should advocate genetically modified food or not.You should support yourself with information from the excerpt.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions