介詞用法歸納

1、實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案介詞（preposition ）又稱(chēng)前置詞，是一種虛詞。介詞不能單獨(dú)做句子成分。介詞后須接賓語(yǔ)，介詞與其賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。一、介詞從其構(gòu)成來(lái)看可以分為：1、簡(jiǎn)單介詞( Simple prepositions ) 如： at ,by, for, in, from, since, through等；2、復(fù)合介詞( Compound prepositions ) 如： onto, out of, without, towards等；3、短語(yǔ)介詞(phrasal prepositions )如；because of, instead of, on account of, in spite

2、of, in front of 等；4、二重介詞(double prepositions ) 如：from behind, from under, till after等；5、分詞介詞(participial prepositions)，又可稱(chēng)動(dòng)詞介詞 (verbal prepositions )如：during,concerning, excepting, considering, past等。2、 常見(jiàn)介詞的基本用法1、 about 關(guān)于Do you know something about Tom ? What about this coat ?（怎么樣）2、 after 在之后I m

3、going to see you after supper.Tomlooked after his sick mother yesterday.（照看）3、 across 橫過(guò)Can you swim across the river.4、 against反對(duì)Are you for or against me?Nothing could make me turn against my country.（背叛）5、 along 沿著We walked along the river bank.6、 before在之前I hope to get there before seven o clock

4、.It looks as though it will snow before long.（不久）7、behind 在后面The sun is hidden behind the clouds.8、by到時(shí)We had learned ten English songs by the end of last term.9、during 在期間Where are you going during the holiday.精彩文檔10、except 除了Everyone except you answered the question correctly. 11、for 為了The student

5、s are studying hard for the people.12、from 從I come from Shanghai.13、in 在里on 在上面under在下面There are two balls in/on/under the desk.14、near在附近We live near the park.15、of的Do you know the name of the winner.16、over 在正上方There is a bridge over the river.Tom goes over his English every day.（復(fù)習(xí)）17、round/aroun

6、d 圍繞The students stand around the teacher.18、to朝方向Can you tell methe way to the cinema. 19、towards 朝著The car is traveling towards Beijing.me?20、with 和一起Would you like to go to the cinema with學(xué)習(xí)這些介詞時(shí)可以先記住它的漢語(yǔ)意思，然后參照例句來(lái)加深理解，并在今后的學(xué)習(xí)中加以 靈活運(yùn)用。3、 常用易混淆介詞辨析1、after/ in皆可表示時(shí)間在之后，其區(qū)別為：after 1 ）表示“在某點(diǎn)時(shí)間之后”，用于將

7、來(lái)時(shí)。如：We ll go out for a walk after supper.2）表示“一段時(shí)間之后”，用于過(guò)去時(shí)。如：My mother came home after half an hour.in表示“一段時(shí)間之后”，用于將來(lái)時(shí)。如： We ll go to school in two weeks.2、at/in/onat seven o clock （具體某一時(shí)刻用 at）in April /in April,2002（具體某一月份或年份用in）on April 5,2002/on the morning of Monday（具體某一天用 on）3、in /by /withHe

8、writes in black ink. （用材料）The guard cut one boot open with a knife.（用工具）She always goes to school by bike.（用手段）4、between /amongCan you say the differences between the two words?（兩者之間）Premier Chou En-lai lives among the people for ever.（三者或三者以上）5、besides /exceptWe have seen the crocodile besides Li F

9、ang.（除之夕卜，還有）全部計(jì)算在內(nèi)We are all Chinese except Tom in our class.（除之外）不計(jì)算在內(nèi)6、on /over/ aboveThere is a boat on the deskThere is a bridge over the river.覆蓋在某物上。）She spread a cloth over the table.He held his heads above his head.（在某物面上，與此物接觸。）（在某物正上方，與此物不接觸，或橫在某物上，或（“在上”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“高于?！保?、on/ in / toMongolia is

10、on the north of china.Japan is to the east of china.Taiwan is in the east of China.8、since /forsince表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間以來(lái)精彩文檔（與中國(guó)接壤，不屬于中國(guó)）（不屬于中國(guó)，且不接壤）（臺(tái)灣屬于中國(guó)）for表示一段時(shí)間I have been living here since 1982.I have been living here for 20 years.9、of /from（自1982年以來(lái)，我一直住在這里）（我已經(jīng)在這里住了 20年了）The desk is made of wood（看得出

11、材料）Paper is made from wood.（看不出材料）The bread is made up of flour, sugar and milk.（由數(shù)種成分組成）10、by /onHe used to go to school by bike.（抽象概括）He came to school on this bike yesterday.（具體至 U 哪輛車(chē)）11、of /forIt s kind of you to come to see me.（既說(shuō)明不定式本身特點(diǎn)，又說(shuō)明邏輯主語(yǔ)的品性）It s important for you students to learn Eng

12、lish well.（只說(shuō)明不定式本身的特征）（從個(gè)體的集體著眼）（從總體概括著眼）（涉及淺層關(guān)系）12、of /inThis is the most interesting of all the stories.China has the largest population in the world.13、of /about /on 表示“談及，論述”Do you know of American singer John Denver?I have never heard about him.（表示談?wù)摰壬钜徊降年P(guān)系）This book is on grammar. （以為主要內(nèi)容）14、

13、through /past/acrossThe new railway runs through the small town.（穿過(guò)）He walked slowly past the tall building.（從旁邊經(jīng)過(guò)）Mary walked across the park to do some shopping.（強(qiáng)調(diào)從邊至 U另邊）15、by/ with 通過(guò)手段We write with a pen.（表示較具體的事物）There s nothing to gain by waiting.（表示抽象）16、despite = in spite of （介詞）/ although

14、（連詞）despite 是介詞，后面接名詞或動(dòng)名詞，不能跟句子 although是連詞，后面要跟句子。Although I was ill yesterday, I still went to school.Despite failure in the exam, I still have a chance to win in the term.17、as /likeas 1 ）用作介詞時(shí)意思為“作為，充當(dāng)”如： She acted as an interpreter.2 ）用作連詞時(shí) 意思為“像一樣；當(dāng)，由于” As it was cold, I didn t go outside.like

15、 用作介詞，意思為像一樣John sings like a nightingale.精彩文檔18、by day （指白天）/ by the day （按日計(jì)算） I worked here by day and I am paid by the day.一、3.表示地點(diǎn)時(shí)at, in, on 的區(qū)別5.表方位的介詞in, on, to, off 的區(qū)別 in 表示在境內(nèi). on表示相鄰或在邊界上，不在境內(nèi). to表示在境外，不接壤. off 表示在海面上靠近海岸的地方Guangdong lies the south of China and Fujian is the east of it.

16、Hainan isthe coast of the mainland.二表示時(shí)間介詞1. at, in, on 的區(qū)別1 The train leaves 6:00pm, so I have to be at the station 5:40 at the latest.A. at; until B. for; after C. at; by D. before;around2 The old man died cold a cold night.A. from; at B. of; in C. of; on D. for; during3 The railway was opened tra

17、ffic April 4, 1985.A. to; on B. to; in C. by; on D. for; onin ,on, at的區(qū)別和用法1） at表示在某一時(shí)刻或短暫的時(shí)間。at one o clock （在點(diǎn)鐘）,at dawn （在黎明）,at sunrise （在日出時(shí)）, at noon （在正午），at that time（在那時(shí)），at the last moment（在最后一刻），at breakfast（在早餐時(shí)）at darkat 亦可表示年齡、節(jié)日等。at the age of twenty （在二十歲時(shí)），at Mid-autumn（在中秋節(jié)時(shí)），at Ch

18、ristmas （在圣誕節(jié)時(shí)）2） in用來(lái)表示某年、某月、季節(jié)、上下午、傍晚等時(shí)間in 1998 in May, in May, 1998in the morningafternoonevening,in the night （特指某一夜間，而 at night表泛指的夜間），in the day （在白天）in summer in the twentieth centuryin modern timesin one s old age（在某人晚年） in one s teens / twenties/ thirties, in one s youth in the day time in

19、one s life inthe past inthose days in the future3） on用于某日或特定某日的早晚、上下午等。on Sunday （在星期日），on October the first , 1999 （在 1999 年 10 月 1 日），on Monday morning （在星期日早晨），on a cold evening（在一個(gè)寒冷的晚上） ，on New Year s Eve（新年前夕） on Christmas Day精彩文檔At 9 on the morning of April,1976At 9 in the morning in April ,

20、19761.1 n, within, after 的區(qū)別和用法1） in表從現(xiàn)在時(shí)間角度看將來(lái)，意為“在之后”，”過(guò)若干時(shí)間就”。The project will be finished in a week.2） within表示期限意為“在某時(shí)間之內(nèi)”。（將來(lái)或過(guò)去）He must be back within a week.他必須一周之內(nèi)回來(lái)。3 ） after 表示“什么時(shí)間之后”，后可接表某一時(shí)刻或某種活動(dòng)的詞。The meal was ready after thirty minutes.三十分鐘后飯熟了。We left after the party.晚會(huì)后我們離開(kāi)了。My fat

21、her will be back from abroad in three days.He left home and went to the front after two days two days laterI ll go and see her after three o clock.after+ 一段時(shí)間，常與過(guò)去時(shí)連用 after +時(shí)間上的一點(diǎn)，常與將來(lái)時(shí)連用In the past, no villagers dared do that.In the pastlast few years, great changes have taken place in the village

22、.4 .during, for 的區(qū)別和用法during表示“在（某一段時(shí)間）內(nèi)”，“在一期間”，用于已知一段時(shí)間或已限定的時(shí)期或階段。 for用來(lái)指延續(xù)一段時(shí)間。例如 I went to shanghai during the vacation and stayed there for 20 days.我假期里去了上海并在那兒呆了二十多天。5 . by, till / until的區(qū)別和用法1） by表示到某時(shí)某事已發(fā)生或已出現(xiàn)情況，經(jīng)常與完成時(shí)連用；till 表示行動(dòng)或狀態(tài)一直遲續(xù)到某一時(shí)間（肯定句中延續(xù)動(dòng)詞）。We discussed about the matter till/unti

23、l midnight.我們一直談那件事，直到午夜時(shí)分。（midnight指動(dòng)作的終點(diǎn)）.You must hand in your term paper by next Monday.你必須在下星期日之前交學(xué)期論文。（不晚于星期一，可以是星期一，也可以是這之前某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生）2） till / until經(jīng)常用在否定句中，譯作“到才”，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間晚了。.例如 He didn t arrive until ten o clock.他直到十點(diǎn)鐘才來(lái)。三、工具、手段、方式介詞By sea by water by land by air by rail精彩文檔實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案By bike by bus by

24、 taxi by plane by ship by boat by train by spaceshipIn the a plane, on a the train, on the a my bike, on foot, on a horseWith + a the my +有形的工具或身體某些器官With a pen with our eyesBy in on overthrough等多用與無(wú)形的工具或手段by hand in ink on the telephone over the radio through the telescope 使用語(yǔ)言，原料， 材料用in in English

25、 in blue inkIn this that the same wayBy thisthat meansBy means ofWith this that method精彩文檔對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格要求嚴(yán)格對(duì)待某事向喊對(duì)吼,責(zé)罵常見(jiàn)介詞對(duì)比on “關(guān)于”,學(xué)術(shù)性強(qiáng)：a lecture on computerabout 關(guān)于，知識(shí)性或隨便談?wù)摚篴 discussion about the planbe familiar with sb./sth.熟悉某人/某be familiar to sb.為某人所熟悉be strict with sb.be strict in sth.shout to 呼喊, sh

26、out atat least 至少in the least 絲毫，一點(diǎn)in the end = at last = finallyby the end of 到末止at the end of在結(jié)束時(shí)，在末端，in the way 擋路，障礙，妨礙in a way在某點(diǎn)上，在某種程度上by the way 順便問(wèn)一下on one s way(to)在路上after a time = after some time過(guò)一段時(shí)間后behind time 遲到，過(guò)期ahead of time 提前，超前sometime 某時(shí)some time 某段時(shí)間，某一時(shí)期 練習(xí)1、Could you tell m

27、esomething UFOs?sometimes 有時(shí)at a time = each time 每次 at one time = once 曾經(jīng)in the air 空中，在流傳 on the air播出for a moment = for a while/minute一會(huì) JLfor the moment 暫時(shí) in a moment立亥 Uat the moment 當(dāng)時(shí) themoment/minute/second/instance =as soon as 一.就 be tired of 討厭 be tired withfrom因而疲倦be pleased with +名詞/what從句 對(duì)滿(mǎn)息be pleased at+抽象名詞聽(tīng)/看到而高興be known to sb.為某人所知be known as 作為而出名，被叫作be known for因而出名be busy