LED光源在景觀設(shè)計中的應(yīng)用-外文翻譯-完成

1、LED在景觀照明中的應(yīng)用LED光源除了無汞、節(jié)能、節(jié)材、對環(huán)境無電磁干擾、無有害射線五項優(yōu)點之外，在照明領(lǐng)域中，特別是在景觀照明中，還有很多優(yōu)勢。 如：低壓供電無高壓環(huán)節(jié)，為了絕緣的開銷要小得多，可靠性高；附件簡單無啟動器、鎮(zhèn)流器或超高壓變壓器；結(jié)構(gòu)簡單具有固體光源的最大優(yōu)點，不充氣，無玻璃外殼，無氣體密封問題，耐沖擊；可控性好響應(yīng)時間快（微秒數(shù)量級），可反復(fù)頻繁亮滅，基本無惰性，不會疲倦；色彩純厚由半導(dǎo)體PN結(jié)自身產(chǎn)生色彩，純正，濃厚；色彩豐富三基色加數(shù)碼技術(shù)，可演變?nèi)我馍?；輕質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)節(jié)材，節(jié)約費用；對燈具強度和剛度要求很低；體積小巧 大的LED燈具可看成由LED細(xì)胞組成，最小的LED僅為平

2、方毫米數(shù)量級或更小；柔性化好LED光源的精巧，使LED能適應(yīng)各種幾何尺寸和不同空間大小的裝飾照明要求，諸如：點、線、面、球、異形式，乃至任意藝術(shù)造型的燈光雕塑；可見，LED不愧為21世紀(jì)綠色照明的驕子。 LED景觀裝飾燈具研發(fā)的特點由于LED具有上述一系列優(yōu)勢，LED在景觀燈具的研發(fā)方面主要有以下幾個方向：園林燈，步道燈，地埋燈，小型射燈，草坪燈，快車道分道地?zé)?，壁燈等。光源采用LED，并結(jié)合變幻控制，可升級對景觀的烘托，使其更具藝術(shù)品位。非標(biāo)異形景觀燈具的開發(fā)，在景觀照明中，燈具安裝要保護景觀和環(huán)境，防止燈具有礙觀瞻，要做到白天美化，夜幕下藝術(shù)亮化。這就需要燈具的結(jié)構(gòu)與安裝因景制宜，因建筑特

3、色制宜，很多標(biāo)準(zhǔn)燈具是滿足不了以上要求的。LED燈具設(shè)計的柔性化，特別適合因景制宜的非標(biāo)燈具設(shè)計，使景觀照明與景觀協(xié)調(diào)，達(dá)到美化環(huán)境的新水平。 藝術(shù)化景觀燈具開發(fā)燈具本身就是一種造型藝術(shù)，而LED光源將更能使景觀燈具的藝術(shù)創(chuàng)意達(dá)到更高境界。由于LED的可控性好，色彩豐富，與微電子技術(shù)實現(xiàn)智能化控制，可以構(gòu)思出各種色彩繽紛、動感節(jié)奏歡快、旋律優(yōu)美的景觀燈具。如：LED霹靂燈，比氣體放電型霹靂燈要長壽得多，又不易損壞，而且色彩豐富。又如：LED風(fēng)車燈，只需微機智能控制，就可實現(xiàn)“無風(fēng)時”飛速旋轉(zhuǎn)，并且還能實現(xiàn)自動變速和換色的美妙變幻。類似這樣的構(gòu)思，只要有靈感，都能實現(xiàn)。燈光雕塑類的開發(fā)，任何仿真

4、的、仿生的、漫畫的、卡通的、商業(yè)的、旅游的等等的各種燈光雕塑，均可結(jié)合LED和聲響技術(shù)以及微電子控制，必要時還可再加上機電一體化技術(shù)，開發(fā)出一系列吸引人們眼球的景觀燈光雕塑。LED景觀照明的智能化控制技術(shù)，LED景觀照明的智能化控制技術(shù)，屬于模擬或數(shù)碼技術(shù)、或微機控制技術(shù)領(lǐng)域，多數(shù)為緊湊型或嵌入式系統(tǒng)。特點：可靠性高，價格優(yōu)；變化花樣繁多；既有單燈控制，又有群控模式；非標(biāo)設(shè)計很多；長或超長燈具多（如：長光帶，很多壁燈線狀布局情況）；與LED顯示屏技術(shù)有很多不同之處。根據(jù)景觀美化的要求，變幻控制模式，給人以豐富多彩，旋律優(yōu)美，節(jié)奏歡快的感受，有時芯至給人以撼動人心的強烈刺激。根據(jù)LED可控性好，

5、色彩豐富的特點，色彩構(gòu)成幾乎無限。按照三基色原理加數(shù)字灰度控制技術(shù)，原理上可演變出幾乎超越大自然存在的任意色彩。例如：三基色LED，如只采用二級灰度控制，即：明和暗，可實現(xiàn)種色彩演變；又如：三基色LED，采用三級灰度控制，即：明、中、暗，可實現(xiàn)27種色彩變幻；再如：三基色LED，如都采用八位數(shù)碼的灰度控制，色彩種類竟達(dá)到了令人吃驚的程度，達(dá)1677萬種，連每一種顏色的名字你都來不及命名。 目前，LED燈具的電子控制結(jié)構(gòu)，主要有五大類或更多：單燈控制、群燈控制、長或超長跨距燈控制、聲響控制、感應(yīng)控制。就壽命表現(xiàn)度而言，硅樹脂可以達(dá)到延長白光LED使用壽命的目標(biāo)，甚至可以達(dá)到4萬小時以上的使用壽命

6、，但是，是不是真的適合用來做照明的應(yīng)用就還有待研究，因為硅樹脂是具有彈性的柔軟材料，所以在封裝的過程中，需要特別注意應(yīng)用的方式，而來設(shè)計出最適當(dāng)?shù)膽?yīng)用技術(shù)。 對于未來應(yīng)用的方面，提高白光LED的光輸出效率將會是決勝的關(guān)鍵點。白光LED的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)，從過去的藍(lán)色LED和黃色的YAG熒光體的組合，開發(fā)出仿真白光的目標(biāo)，到利用三色混合或者使用GaN材料，開發(fā)出白光LED，對于應(yīng)用來說，已經(jīng)可以看的出將會朝向更廣泛的方向擴展。 另外，白光LED的發(fā)光效率，這些年已經(jīng)有了不錯的的發(fā)展，日本LED照明推進協(xié)會目標(biāo)是，期望能夠預(yù)計在2009年達(dá)到100lm/w的發(fā)光效率，而事實上，有相當(dāng)多的業(yè)者都在朝向這方面

7、開發(fā)，所以預(yù)計在數(shù)年內(nèi)，100lm/w發(fā)光效率就能夠?qū)嶋H上商業(yè)化應(yīng)用。LED微電子控制電路優(yōu)化設(shè)計的焦點在于：可靠、價優(yōu)，采用通用元器件，來源豐富。對于長或超長跨距燈的控制除以上要求，還要有以下優(yōu)點，如：數(shù)十米，百米乃至千米以上的光帶或線狀布局的點光源。優(yōu)化設(shè)計的目標(biāo)還有：在運動控制上，要色彩豐富，變幻多姿，既含跳變，又有漸變，同時還要最大限度地減少訊導(dǎo)線。 LED發(fā)展中要攻克的主要問題LED進入照明領(lǐng)域是新生事物，具有劃時代的意義。但是，與任何新技術(shù)一樣，LED還存在一些急需完善的方面。1）研發(fā)LED高功率點光源國際上，Phlips、GE、OSRAN等大公司都有雙端的球形HID產(chǎn)品，這是目前

8、世界上最先進的大功率HID光源，特別是Phlips公司基于這種光源的體育場館燈具，燈具效率和配光曲線非常優(yōu)秀。盡管LED有很多獨特的優(yōu)勢，但目前這方面卻是空白。高功率密度的點狀光源對用于半導(dǎo)體發(fā)光原理的LED可能是一個很大的技術(shù)難點。 2）發(fā)展高效率、高功率因數(shù)、價優(yōu)的緊湊型模塊化LED電源，LED供電簡便，既可直流供電，又可脈沖供電。沒有HID和高壓霓虹燈的一系列麻煩。目前，低效率的供電系統(tǒng)，拖了LED的后腿，節(jié)能水平大打折扣。開關(guān)電源從70年代的20KHZ的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)到目前已達(dá)到1MHZ以上的軟開關(guān)技術(shù)，問題關(guān)鍵在于如何做到質(zhì)優(yōu)價廉。3）發(fā)展新型LED混光、混色技術(shù)LED光源，單位體積很小，在很

9、多場合明顯是優(yōu)點，但有時又是缺點。如：在LED平面型光源上，通常出現(xiàn)點狀光斑以及混色不均勻現(xiàn)象。目前，混光、混色存在的問題是：混光、混色的均勻水平與透光率的矛盾。這個問題也是阻礙LED發(fā)展的因素，主要是材料的原因，急待攻克，對LED景觀燈具實用性有很重要的意義。LED進入照明領(lǐng)域，是照明技術(shù)的革命性飛躍。LED對綠色照明發(fā)展的歷史性貢獻(xiàn)，將絲豪不遜于從電子管時代到晶體管時代的飛躍，即使評價為如同晶體管跨越到大規(guī)模集成電路的巨變一樣，也毫不夸張。在景觀照明方面，LED有著更為獨特的優(yōu)勢，可以深信，LED景觀燈具將沿著多學(xué)科交叉融合的大道，朝著藝術(shù)化、智能化、柔性化的方向快速發(fā)展。 作者：王濱.

10、LED光源在景觀設(shè)計中的應(yīng)用. 照明設(shè)計，2008年5月20日LED lighting in the landscape of Apart from the mercury-free LED light source, saving energy, materials, environmental non-electromagnetic interference, non-harmful rays five advantage, fields in lighting, especially in landscape lighting, there are many advantages. Su

11、ch as: low-voltage power supply - no high-pressure areas, in order to insulation costs much less, high reliability annex simple - no starter, ballast or EHV transformer; simple structure - a solid source of the greatest advantages , Non-carbonated, non-glass case, no gas sealing problems, impact res

12、istance; controllable good - fast response time (microsecond order of magnitude) can be repeated frequently-out, basically inert, will not be tired; color Chunhou - Semiconductor PN junction produce their own color, pure, strong, rich colors - plus three primary colors of digital technology, evoluti

13、on of arbitrary color; light structure - wood, cost-saving; lamps on strength and stiffness requirements of very low - - The compact size of the LED lamps can be seen as the LED cells, only the smallest LED mm2 order of magnitude or less; flexible good - LED light source of the compact, LED can adap

14、t to all kinds of different size and geometry of space size The decorative lighting requirements, such as: point, line, surface, the ball, different forms, and any form of art lighting sculpture; visible, LED is worthy of a green lighting of the 21st century proud.   LED decorative landscape li

15、ghting research and development due to the characteristics of the LED with a series of advantages, LED lamps in the landscape of research and development mainly in the following directions: garden lights, path lights, lamps and buried, small spotlights, Caoping Deng, the Fast-Track Road Lamps, wall

16、lamp, and so on. Source use LED, combined with changes in control, upgrading the Hongtuo on the landscape, making them more artistic tastes. Non-standard profiled the development of landscape lighting, landscape lighting, lamps installed to protect the landscape and environment, the prevention of li

17、ghting the visual impact, in order to beautify the day, under the artistic Lianghua night. This requires installation of lamps because of the structure and system to King, the architectural features to the system, many can not meet the standard lamps is more than required. LED lamps designed flexibl

18、e, especially for the system to King because of the non-standard lighting design, landscape lighting and visual coordination, beautify the environment to achieve a new level.      Art of Landscape Lighting lamps is itself a development of Visual Arts, and the LED light source can

19、 be more creative art of landscape lighting to a higher realm. As the controllable LED good, rich colors, and microelectronic technology intelligent control, to all kinds of ideas can be colourful and exciting joyful rhythm, melody beautiful landscape lighting. Such as: LED lights Perak, Perak than

20、the gas-discharge lamps to be much more longevity, not damaged, and rich colors. Another example: LED lights winds, just intelligent computer control, we can achieve "No wind at the" rapid rotation, and also enables automatic transmission and for the wonderful color changes. Similar ideas,

21、 as long as the inspiration, can achieve. Lighting sculpture category of development, any of the simulation, bionics, comics, cartoons, commercial, tourism and so on the various lighting sculpture, and sound can be combined LED technology and microelectronics control, when necessary, together with O

22、n the mechanical and electrical integration technology, developed to attract people's attention a series of landscape lighting sculptures. LED lighting landscape of intelligent control technology, LED lighting landscape of intelligent control technology, a digital or analog technology, or comput

23、er control technology, for the most compact or embedded systems. Characteristics: high reliability, excellent prices; many changes in patterns; existing single-light control, another group control mode; many non-standard design; long long lamps or more (such as: long-zone, many Wall linear layout) ;

24、 LED display technology and a lot of difference. According to the landscaping requirements, changes in control mode, gives to rich and colorful, beautiful melody, rhythm joyful feelings, sometimes to shake the core to give people a strong boost. According to LED controllable, and the characteristics

25、 of rich color, color constitute almost unlimited. In accordance with the principles of the three primary colors and gray-scale digital control technology, on the principle of evolution to be almost beyond the arbitrary nature color. For example: three color LED, such as using only two gray-scale co

26、ntrol, namely: the dark and can achieve eight kinds of color evolution; Another example: three color LED, a three-gray control, namely: that in the dark, To achieve 27 kinds of color changes; Another example: three color LED, such as the use of the eight digital control of gray, color categories has

27、 reached an alarming level, reaching 16.77 million kinds, even the names of every color you are too late Named. Currently, LED lamps electronic control structure, there are five or more categories: single-light control, light control group, or super-long span of control of lights, noise control, sen

28、sor control. On the performance of life, the silicone can be achieved to extend the service life of white LED target, or even reach more than 40,000 hours of life, but is not really suited to do the lighting on the application of research still needs to be, because the silicone Is a flexible soft ma

29、terial, so in the packaging process, the need to pay special attention to application of the way, from designing the most appropriate application of technology.      For the future of the area, improve white LED light output efficiency will be key to winning the point. White LED

30、production techniques, from a blue LED and a yellow YAG phosphor mix, developed a simulation of the white target, the use of colour or mixed use of GaN materials, developed a white LED, the applications have already Will be read out in the direction towards a more extensive expansion.   &#

31、160;  In addition, the luminous efficiency white LED, which has been good in the development of LED lighting promoting the Japan Association goal is to look forward to in 2009 is expected to reach 100 lm / w the luminous efficiency, and in fact, a considerable number of In the industry towards

32、the development of this area, is expected in the next few years, 100 lm / w luminous efficiency can actually commercial applications. LED micro-electronic control circuit design optimization of the focus is: reliable, the price of distinctions, using common components, sources of wealth. The length

33、or long span of control lights in addition to the above requirements, but also has the following advantages, such as: Shu Shimi, 100 meters and 1,000 meters above the band or linear layout of the point source. Optimal Design of the objectives are: motion control, it is necessary to colourful, bringi

34、ng amazing visual images, both of transition, have graded, but also to minimize - wire. LED development of the main issues to be tackled into the LED lighting is new to the area, is of epoch-making significance. However, as with any new technology, LED there are still some areas in urgent need of im

35、provement. 1) research and development of high power LED light source at the international level, Phlips, GE, OSRAN and other big companies have double-spherical HID products, which is currently the world's most advanced high-power HID light sources, especially Phlips company based on this sourc

36、e of sports Venues lamps, lamp efficiency and with very good light curve. Although LED many unique advantages, but this area is blank. High-power density point for the semiconductor LED light source on the principle of LED may be a lot of technical difficulties.   2) the development of high eff

37、iciency, high power factor, the price of gifted compact modular power LED, LED power supply is simple, can DC power supply, power supply can pulse. HID no neon lights and a series of high-pressure troubles. At present, the low efficiency of the power supply system, dragged down by the LED, greatly reduced the level of energy. Switching power supply from the 1970s to 20 KHZ the standard has now reached more than 1 MHZ the soft-switch technology, the crux of the problem is how to achieve quality and cheap. 3) the development of new LED mi