拉普拉斯簡介

1、拉普拉斯簡介法國數(shù)學(xué)家 ，天文學(xué)家。法國科學(xué)院院士。1749年3月23日生于法國西北部卡爾瓦多斯的博蒙昂諾日，1827年3月5日卒于巴黎。曾任巴黎軍事學(xué)院落數(shù)學(xué)教授。1795年任巴黎綜合工科學(xué)校教授，后又在高等師范學(xué)校任教授。1816年被選為法蘭西學(xué)院院士，1817年任該院院長。French mathematician, astronomer. French Academy of Sciences. March 23, 1749 was born in the north-west France Calvados of beaumont-en-auge, March 5, 1827 and d

2、ied in Paris. A former mathematics professor at the Paris military academy down. 1795 Integrated engineering school of Paris, Professor at the Higher Normal School and then Professor Ren. Was elected in 1816 the French Academy, in 1817 president of the hospital office.。 -趙益鋒拉普拉斯是天體力學(xué)的主要奠基人，是天體演化學(xué)的創(chuàng)立

3、者之一，是分析概率論的創(chuàng)始人，是應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)的先軀。拉普拉斯用數(shù)學(xué)方法證明了行星的軌道大小只有周期性變化，這就是著名拉普拉斯的定理。他發(fā)表的天文學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)和物理學(xué)的論文有270多篇，專著合計有4006多頁。其中最有代表性的專著有天體力學(xué)、宇宙體系論和概率分析理論。1796年，他發(fā)表宇宙體系論。因研究太陽系穩(wěn)定性的動力學(xué)問題被譽為法國的牛頓和天體力學(xué)之父。Laplace was the main founder of celestial mechanics, astrophysics speech is the founder of chemistry is one of the founders o

4、f probability theory analysis is the first body of applied mathematics. Laplace mathematical methods used to prove the size of a planet's orbit is only a cyclical change, which is well-known Laplace's theorem. He has published astronomy, mathematics and physics more than 270 papers, monograp

5、hs, taken together, there were more than 4006 pages. One of the most representative of the monograph of "celestial mechanics", "system of the universe" and "probability theory." In 1796, he published "On the cosmic system."Due to study the stability of the dyn

6、amics of the solar system known as the Newton of France and the father of celestial mechanics. -王柳明拉普拉斯生于法國諾曼底的博蒙，父親是一個農(nóng)場主，他從青年時期就顯示出卓越的數(shù)學(xué)才能，18歲時離家赴巴黎，決定從事數(shù)學(xué)工作。于是帶著一封推薦信去找當(dāng)時法國著名學(xué)者達朗貝爾，但被后者拒絕接見。拉普拉斯就寄去一篇力學(xué)方面的論文給達朗貝爾。這篇論文出色至極，以至達朗貝爾忽然高興得要當(dāng)他的教父，并使拉普拉斯被推薦到軍事學(xué)校教書。此后，他同拉瓦錫在一起工作了一個時期，他們測定了許多物質(zhì)的比熱。Laplace B

7、eaumont was born in Normandy, France, the father is a farmer, from a young age, he showed excellent mathematical ability, when 18-year-old home in Paris, decided to engage in mathematical work. So go with a letter of recommendation from well-known scholar of France at the time D'Alembert, but th

8、e latter refused to meet. Laplacian on the mechanical aspects of an article sent to the D'Alembert papers. This paper extremely well, and D'Alembert to be happy all of a sudden when he was the godfather, and Laplace was recommended to the military school to teach. Since then, he has worked w

9、ith Lavoisier together for a period of time, they measured the specific heat of many substances. -樊汗青1780年，他們兩人證明了將一種化合物分解為其組成元素所需的熱量就等于這些元素形成該化合物時所放出的熱量。這可以看作是熱化學(xué)的開端，而且，它也是繼布拉克關(guān)于潛熱的研究工作之后向能量守恒定律邁進的又一個里程碑，60年后這個定律終于瓜熟蒂落地誕生了。拉普拉斯的主要注意力集中在天體力學(xué)的研究上面，尤其是太陽系天體攝動，以及太陽系的普遍穩(wěn)定性問題。他把牛頓的萬有引力定律應(yīng)用到整個太陽系，1773年解決了

10、一個當(dāng)時著名的難題：解釋木星軌道為什么在不斷地收縮，而同時土星的軌道又在不斷地膨脹。拉普拉斯用數(shù)學(xué)方法證明行星平均運動的不變性，并證明為偏心率和傾角的3次冪。這就是著名的拉普拉斯定理，從此開始了太陽系穩(wěn)定性問題的研究。In 1780, both of whom proved to be a compound composed of the elements required for the decomposition of the heat is equivalent to the formation of the compounds of these elements when the he

11、at release. This can be seen as the beginning of the thermo-chemical, but it is also on the latent heat bulak following research work to the law of conservation of energy into another milestone, 60 years after the law was to瓜熟蒂落was born. Laplace's main focus on the study of celestial mechanics a

12、bove, in particular, perturbation of celestial bodies in our Solar System, as well as the general stability of the solar system. He Newton's law of gravity applied to the entire solar system,1773 was a well-known solution to a problem: to explain why the orbit of Jupiter is constantly shrinking,

13、 while at the same time the orbit of Saturn in constant expansion. Laplace mathematical methods used to prove the average movement of the invariance of the planet, and that eccentricity and inclination for the 3 times the power. This is the well-known Laplace theorem, the stability of the solar syst

14、em began the study. -沈華平同年，他成為法國科學(xué)院副院士，17841785年，他求得天體對其外任一質(zhì)點的引力分量可以用一個勢函數(shù)來表示，這個勢函數(shù)滿足一個偏微分方程，即著名的拉普拉斯方程。1785年他被選為科學(xué)院院士。 1786年證明行星軌道的偏心率和傾角總保持很小和恒定，能自動調(diào)整，即攝動效應(yīng)是守恒和周期性的，即不會積累也不會消解。1787年發(fā)現(xiàn)月球的加速度同地球軌道的偏心率有關(guān)，從理論上解決了太陽系動態(tài)中觀測到的最后一個反常問題。That same year, he became a Fellow of the French Academy of vice, 1784

15、1785, he obtained any objects outside of its gravitational weight of the particles can be used to indicate a potential function, the potential function satisfy a partial differential equation, that is, the famous Rio de la Plata Adams equation. He was selected as the 1785 Academy of Sciences. 1786 p

16、roved to orbit the planet eccentricity and inclination to maintain a small and constant total will automatically adjust, which is the conservation of perturbation effects and cyclical, that is not and will not remove the accumulation. In 1787 found that the acceleration of the Moon with the Earth

17、9;s orbit eccentricity, and a theoretical solution to the solar system from the dynamics of the last observed anomaly.-張益青1787年發(fā)現(xiàn)月球的加速度同地球軌道的偏心率有關(guān)，從理論上解決了太陽系動態(tài)中觀測到的最后一個反常問題。1796年他的著作宇宙體系論問世，書中提出了對后來有重大影響的關(guān)于行星起源的星云假說。他長期從事大行星運動理論和月球運動理論方面的研究，在總結(jié)前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上取得大量重要成果，他的這些成果集中在17991825年出版的5卷16冊巨著天體力學(xué)之內(nèi)。在這部著

18、作中第一次提出天體力學(xué)這一名詞，是經(jīng)典天體力學(xué)的代表作。這一時期中席卷法國的政治變動，包括拿破侖的興起和衰落，沒有顯著地打斷他的工作，盡管他是個曾染指政治的人。他的威望以及他將數(shù)學(xué)應(yīng)用于軍事問題的才能保護了他。他還顯示出一種并不值得佩服的在政治態(tài)度方面見風(fēng)使舵的能力。In 1787 found that the acceleration of the Moon with the Earth's orbit eccentricity, and a theoretical solution to the solar system from the dynamics of the last

19、observed anomaly. In 1796 his book "system of the universe," come out of the book to have a major impact later on the origin of planetary nebula hypothesis. He has long been engaged in the moon planet movement theory and research in kinetic theory, at the conclusion of previous studies bas

20、ed on a large number of important results achieved, he concentrated on the results of the 1799 1825 published in 5 volumes of 16 masterpiece "celestial mechanics" of inside. In this book the first time the term celestial mechanics,Is a classic representative of celestial mechanics. During

21、this period of sweeping political changes in France, including Napoleon's Rise and Fall, there is no significant interruption of his work, even though he is a person who has been to meddle in politics. His prestige and his military will be applied to the issue of mathematics in order to protect

22、him. He also does not deserve a show of admiration for the political attitudes of the capacity。-林傳聰拉普拉斯在數(shù)學(xué)上也有許多貢獻。1812年發(fā)表了重要的概率分析理論一書。1799年他還擔(dān)任過法國經(jīng)度局局長，并在拿破侖政府中任過6個星期的內(nèi)政部長。拉普拉斯的著名杰作天體力學(xué)，集各家之大成，書中第一次提出了“天體力學(xué)”的學(xué)科名稱，是經(jīng)典天體力學(xué)的代表著作。宇宙系統(tǒng)論是拉普拉斯另一部名垂千古的杰作。在這部書中，他獨立于康德，提出了第一個科學(xué)的太陽系起源理論星云說?？档碌男窃普f是從哲學(xué)角度提出的，而拉普拉

23、斯則從數(shù)學(xué)、力學(xué)角度充實了星云說，因此，人們常常把他們兩人的星云說稱為“康德-拉普拉斯星云說”。Laplacian in mathematics there are many contributions. Published in 1812 an important "probability theory" book. 1799 He also served as Secretary for the French longitude, and the Government of Napoleon had any of the six weeks the Minister o

24、f the Interior.Laplace's famous masterpiece, "Celestial Mechanics", set each of the Dacheng, for the first time, the "celestial mechanics" of the subject name, is the representative of the classic works of celestial mechanics. "System of the universe" is the Laplaci

25、an of another masterpiece down through the ages. In this book, he is independent of Kant, the first solar system origin of a scientific theory - that the nebula. Kant said that the nebula is made from a philosophical point of view, while the Laplacian from mathematics, mechanics point of view that e

26、nriches the nebula, therefore, it is often said that they were the nebula known as the "Kant - Laplace nebula said. " -周紫劍拉普拉斯在1814年提出科學(xué)假設(shè) 稱之為拉普拉斯妖 假定：如果有一個智能生物能確定從最大天體到最輕原子的運動的現(xiàn)時狀態(tài)，就能按照力學(xué)規(guī)律推算出整個宇宙的過去狀態(tài)和未來狀態(tài)。后人把他所假定的智能生物稱為拉普拉斯妖拉普拉斯在數(shù)學(xué)和物理學(xué)方面也有重要貢獻，以他的名字命名的拉普拉斯變換和拉普拉斯方程，在科學(xué)技術(shù)的各個領(lǐng)域有著廣泛的應(yīng)用。Laplace in 1814 in the scientific assumption called Laplace demonAssumptions: If there is an intelligent bio-energy from the largest celestial bodies