9AUnit2語法講義

1、9A Unit 2 語法講義一、Would rather.句型的用法1. 我們先來看一下rather這個詞用法：rather用作表示程度的副詞，意為“相當”“太”，與very, quite, too同義，用來修飾形容詞或副詞。如： This book is rather bad. 這本書相當差。rather 和 quite 可用來修飾名詞，一般放在冠詞前面。That's rather / quite a good picture. 那是一副很好的畫。2. 以下是重點：Would ratherthan意思是“寧愿.而不原，喜歡.而不喜歡。”在使用時，前面和后面都 必須用表示并列的成分。它

2、的否定形式應(yīng)該在would rather的后面加not,而不是在would的后面加not，疑問句將 would提前。如： would rather 的主要句型有以下 2 種： 、 would rather (not) do sth. 寧愿(不)做某事 、 would rather do sth.1 than (do) sth.2 寧愿做事情 1，而不愿做事情 2. (在此句型中，如 果兩個動詞相同則后面一個動詞可以省略。 )例： She would rather stay at home tomorrow. 她寧可明天呆在家。I 'd rather not tell you about

3、 it . 我寧愿不告訴你此事。 I would rather have the red one than (have) the green one.我寧愿要紅的，而不要綠的。I would rather play football than watch TV . 我寧愿踢足球而不愿看電視。二、Prefer (=like better)和 preferto 的用法：prefer 是動詞，它的過去式和過去分詞都是 preferred .它的意思是“寧愿，更喜歡” ，相當于 likebetter,后面跟名詞或代詞，也可接不定式或動名詞(短語)。 prefer 的重點句型有以下幾種： .prefer

4、 (not) to do sth.寧愿(不)做某事 =would rather (not) do sth. .prefer sb. (not) to do sth.寧愿某人(不)去做某事 . prefer to do sth.1 rather than do sth.2 寧愿做事情 1，而不愿做事情 2.=would rather do sth.1 than (do) sth.2=prefer doing sth.1 to doing sth.2 (這種句型屬于第種句型，to為介詞) prefer A to B = like A better than B 喜歡 A，而不喜歡 B(此句型中 t

5、o 為介詞，其中 A 和 B 可以是名詞、代詞、動名詞或動名詞短語)例如：She p refers to stay at home on Sun da y星期天她更喜歡呆在家里。 They p referred their son (not) to go to college.他們寧愿他們的兒子(不)去上大學。 I p refer to look after the baby rather tha n clea n the room.=I would rather look after the baby than clean the room I prefer the town to the

6、country. 我喜歡城鎮(zhèn)而不喜歡農(nóng)村。=I like the town better than the country. She p refers red to blue.她喜歡紅色，而不喜歡藍色。=She likes red better than blue. She Prefers singing to dancing.他喜歡唱歌，而不喜歡跳舞。=she likes singing better than dancing.=She prefers to sing rather than dance.=She would rather sing than dance.I prefer s

7、tay ing at home to going out on Sun days.星期天我喜歡呆在家里，而不喜歡至U外面去。=I like staying at home better than going out on Sundays. =I prefer to stay at home rather than go out on Sundays.=I would rather stay at home than go out on Sundays.三、由some, any ,no, every.構(gòu)成的復合不定代詞的用法由 some；any ；no 和 every 可以與 one ,body

8、 ,thing 構(gòu)成復合不定代詞，它們的用法與 some. any 的用法相同。如：-some -any -no -every-body Somebody（有人，某人）Anybody（任何人）Nobody（沒有人）Everybody（每人，人人）-one Someone（有人，某人）Anyone（任何人）No one（沒有人）Everyone（人人，每人）-thing Something（ 某事） Anything（ 任何事 ） Nothing（ 沒有東西 ） Everything（ 一切，事事 ）Grammar （C）（D）C someone/ somebody ', ' a

9、nyone/anybody ', and no one/ nobody ' 以上幾個詞都是指代人的不定代詞， 當我們不確定所談?wù)摰娜说拿只虿恍枰峒八拿?時，就可以用不定代詞來表示。1. someone/somebody 用來表示“某人” ，常用于肯定句中。e.g. There is some one in the fitt ing room. Somebody wants to see you at the gate.2. anybody/ anyone 表示“任何人” 。常用于否定句和疑問句中。有時在肯定句或 if 條件狀語 從句中要想表達“任何人”的含義時也用 an

10、yone/anybody。e.g.Anyone （ who feels tired or weak） should wear red that makes you feel energetic. Has an ybody come? There is not anyone in the room. P lease tell me at once if anyone calls me.3. no one/ nobody 表示“沒有人”；“沒有任何人”。本身是否定詞，當然用于否定句中。 no one常用于書面語，nobody常用于口語中。（n obody = notan ybody）E.g. No

11、 one has come. Nobody knows where he is.注意：以上不定代詞在含義上都是單數(shù)，所以后面的動詞要用單數(shù)形式。e.g. Somebody has take n away the book. If anyone calls me, tell him I ' ll come back soon.something, anything, nothing 常指物' ， none 既可指代人'，也可指代物'。D something, anything, nothing, none ' something, anything, no

12、thing, none 也是不定代詞， 代表不確定的某樣東西或不需要提起名字的某樣東西。 1.something 表示“某物” ，常用于肯定句中。 e.g. Simon has something in his bag. Somethi ng is wrong with my bike.if 條件狀語從句中要想表達“任何2.anything 常用于否定句和疑問句中。有時在肯定句中或 東西”的含義時也用 anything。e.g. For a better life, he will do anything. Did he find any thi ng? She didn t say anyt

13、hing about it.3.nothing, none表示否定的意思，none還可以和of連用，做主語或賓語。(具體區(qū)別請參與 第四項 )( nothing = not anything )e.g. I have no thi ng to say. None of us want(s ) to go there. -Are there any cakes in the fridge? No, there is none left.學習時請?zhí)貏e注意以下幾點：1. 以上不定代詞做主語時 ,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式 . Everything is ready, Let' s start our

14、 party.2. 不定代詞被形容詞、動詞不定式修飾時, 該形容詞、動詞不定式要放在其后。There is nothing wrong with your computer.3在表示請求、建議或邀請等期待一個肯定回答時，用some系列，而不用any系列。 Can you do something for me? I really need your help.（ 表請求） Could you pass me something to drink?（表請求） Why not ask someone for help?（表建議） Aren t you do something for you so

15、n?（希望得到肯定回答） 你難道不打算為你兒子做點事嗎？4. any系列一般用于否定句和疑問句中，但如有必要也可用于肯定句或if條件從句中，表示“任何人（物） ”的含義 .Anyone （who goes into this room） will be punished.（ 處罰 ）5. 當句中有l(wèi)ittle, seldom, hardly , without等半否定意義的動詞、形容詞、介詞或如tooto 等具有否定意義的其它結(jié)構(gòu)時，通常用 any系列詞項。如： I have finished it without anyone ' s help. I am too busy to p

16、lay with anybody.6. every 系列一般用于肯定句中，如果用于否定句則表求部分否定（不完全否定）。如：）出現(xiàn)的上下文中，要用復數(shù)人稱代Not everyone likes sandwiches.（ 不是每個人都喜歡吃三明治7. 在 every one, everybody, n obody, no one（指人的不定代詞 詞與之對應(yīng)。 Everybody is busy, and they are worki ng on the farm. Every one was running as fast as they could.時，其反意疑問部分的主語用 they，it.8

17、. 當陳述句的主語是指人的復合不定代詞（-one,-body）當陳述句的主語是指物的復合不定代詞（-thing ）時，其反意疑問部分的主語用 Everyone is here , aren t they?人都到了，是嗎？ Everything is ready, isn ' t it ? 一切準備好了，是嗎？ Somebody is waiting for me at the gate , aren ' t they?有人在門口等我，是嗎？9. 回答 how many 或 how much 開頭的問句用 none, 回答 who 開頭的問句用 nobody 或 no one回答

18、what引導的問句用nothing。如： -How many boys are there in the classroom? -None. -Who is in the classroom ? -Nobody./No one. -What's she doing? Nothing.10. 注意none, nothing, no one的區(qū)別：none可以和of連用，其它的不能和 of連用；none 與 all 反義。（詳見第四部分） 以下為附加內(nèi)容：四、none用法補充：none既可指人，也可指物，它只是指在一定范圍內(nèi)，代替上下文已出 現(xiàn)過的名詞。none 可指沒有人或沒有東西，在句中作定主語或賓語。作主語時，謂語動詞可用單數(shù)。也 可用復數(shù)。如： "How many birds are there in the tree? ”" None” ."樹上有多少只鳥？”"一只也沒有”。 “ Are there any students in the classroom?” “None” .“教室里有學生嗎？” “一個也沒有。 ” I understood none of the questions. 這些問題我都不懂。 I wanted some ropes but there was none