歷年英語專四聽力真題、答案和原文學(xué)習(xí)啊

1、學(xué)英語簡單嗎？肯定會(huì)有許多學(xué)生說：“難死了”。為什么有好多學(xué)生對(duì)英語的學(xué)習(xí)都感到頭疼呢？答案只有一個(gè)：“不得法?！?英語與漢語一樣都是一種語言，為什么你說漢語會(huì)如此流利？那是因?yàn)槟阒蒙碛谝粋€(gè)漢語環(huán)境中，如果你在倫敦呆上半年，保準(zhǔn)說起英語來會(huì)非常流利。但很多中學(xué)生沒有很好的英語環(huán)境，那么你可以自己設(shè)置一個(gè)英語環(huán)境，堅(jiān)持“多說”、“多聽”、“多讀”、“多寫”，那么你的英語成績肯定會(huì)很出色。 一、多“說”。 自己多創(chuàng)造機(jī)會(huì)與英語教師多講英語，見了同學(xué)，尤其是和好朋友在一起時(shí)盡量用英語去問候，談心情這時(shí)候你需隨身攜帶一個(gè)英漢互譯小詞典，遇到生詞時(shí)查一下這些生詞，也不用刻意去記，用的多了，這個(gè)單詞自然而

2、然就會(huì)記住。千萬別把學(xué)英語當(dāng)成負(fù)擔(dān)，始終把它當(dāng)成一件有趣的事情去做。 或許你有機(jī)會(huì)碰上外國人，你應(yīng)大膽地上去跟他打招呼，和他談天氣、談風(fēng)景、談學(xué)校只是別問及他的年紀(jì)，婚史等私人問題。盡量用一些你學(xué)過的詞匯，句子去和他談天說地。不久你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)與老外聊天要比你與中國人談?dòng)⒄Z容易的多。因?yàn)樗湍憬徽剷r(shí)會(huì)用許多簡單詞匯，而且不太看重說法，你只要發(fā)音準(zhǔn)確，準(zhǔn)能順利地交流下去。只是你必須要有信心，敢于表達(dá)自己的思想。 如果沒有合適的伙伴也沒關(guān)系，你可以拿過一本書或其它什么東西做假想對(duì)象，對(duì)它談你一天的所見所聞，談你的快樂，你的悲傷等等，長此堅(jiān)持下去你的口語肯定會(huì)有較大的提高。 二、多“聽” 尋找一切可以聽英

3、語的機(jī)會(huì)。別人用英語交談時(shí)，你應(yīng)該大膽地去參與，多聽聽各種各樣人的發(fā)音，男女老少，節(jié)奏快的慢的你都應(yīng)該接觸到，如果這樣的機(jī)會(huì)少的話，你可以選擇你不知內(nèi)容的文章去聽，這將會(huì)對(duì)你幫助很大，而你去聽學(xué)過的課文的磁帶，那將會(huì)對(duì)你的語言語調(diào)的學(xué)習(xí)有很大的幫助。 三、多“讀”。 “讀”可以分為兩種。一種是“默讀”。每天給予一定時(shí)間的練習(xí)將會(huì)對(duì)你提高閱讀速度有很大的好處，讀的內(nèi)容可以是你的課本，但最好是一些有趣的小讀物，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在的英語高考越來越重視閱讀量和閱讀速度。每道題的得分都與你的理解程度有很大關(guān)系，所以經(jīng)過高中三年閱讀的訓(xùn)練后，你必定會(huì)在高考中勝券在握。 另一種是“朗讀”這是學(xué)語言必不可少的一種學(xué)習(xí)途

4、徑。 四、多“寫” 有的同學(xué)總是抱怨時(shí)間緊，根本沒時(shí)間寫作文。其實(shí)“寫”的形式很多，不一定就寫作文才提高寫作能力。比如寫下你一天中發(fā)生的一些重要的事情，或當(dāng)天學(xué)了某一個(gè)詞組，你可以創(chuàng)設(shè)一個(gè)語境恰如其份地用上這個(gè)詞。這樣即可幫你記住這個(gè)詞的用法，又可以鍛煉你的寫作能力，比如學(xué)“wish”一詞時(shí)，可寫一小段如下： The teacher often asks us what we want to be in the future.My good friend Tom wishes to be a soldier.However,I'm different .I wish I were a

5、teacher in the future.But my mother wishes me to be a doctor. 只幾句話：但wish的幾種用法已躍然紙上，這樣寫下來印象會(huì)深刻得多，這樣比死記硬背wish的用法也有趣輕松的多。 學(xué)習(xí)英語不用花大塊的時(shí)間，10分鐘的散步可以練"說",吃完飯后可以讀一會(huì)兒英語小說，睡前聽?zhēng)追昼娪⒄Z，可以使你得到更好地休息只要你每天抽出一些時(shí)間來練英語，你的英語成績肯定會(huì)很快提高的。 背英語單詞技巧 1、循環(huán)記憶法 艾賓浩斯遺忘曲線 人的大腦是一個(gè)記憶的寶庫，人腦經(jīng)歷過的事物，思考過的問題，體驗(yàn)過的情感和情緒，練習(xí)過的動(dòng)作，都可以成為人

6、們記憶的內(nèi)容。例如英文的學(xué)習(xí)中單詞、短語和句子，甚至文章的內(nèi)容都是通過記憶完成的。從"記"到"憶"是有個(gè)過程的，這其中包括了識(shí)記、保持、再認(rèn)和回憶。有很多 人在學(xué)習(xí)英語的過程中，只注重了學(xué)習(xí)當(dāng)時(shí)的記憶效果，孰不知，要想做好學(xué)習(xí)的記憶工作，是要下一番工夫的，單純的注重當(dāng)時(shí)的記憶效果，而忽視了后期的保持和再認(rèn)同樣是達(dá)不到良好的效果的。 在信息的處理上，記憶是對(duì)輸入信息的編碼、貯存和提取的過程，從信息處理的角度上，英文的第一次學(xué)習(xí)和背誦只是一個(gè)輸入編碼的過程。人的記憶的能力從生理上講是十分驚人的，它可以存貯1015比特(byte，字節(jié))的信息，可是每個(gè)人的記憶

7、寶庫被挖掘的只占10%，還有更多的記憶發(fā)揮空間。這是因?yàn)椋行┤酥魂P(guān)注了記憶的當(dāng)時(shí)效果，卻忽視了記憶中的更大的問題-即記憶的牢固度問題，那就牽涉到心理學(xué)中常說的關(guān)于記憶遺忘的規(guī)律。 一、艾賓浩斯記憶規(guī)律曲線解釋 德國有一位著名的心理學(xué)家名叫艾賓浩斯(Hermann Ebbinghaus，1850-1909)，他在1885年發(fā)表了他的實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告后，記憶研究就成了心理學(xué)中被研究最多的領(lǐng)域之一，而艾賓浩斯正是發(fā)現(xiàn)記憶遺忘規(guī)律的第一人。 根據(jù)我們所知道的，記憶的保持在時(shí)間上是不同的，有短時(shí)的記憶和長時(shí)的記憶兩種。而我們平時(shí)的記憶的過程是這樣的： 輸入的信息在經(jīng)過人的注意過程的學(xué)習(xí)后，便成為了人的短時(shí)的記

8、憶，但是如果不經(jīng)過及時(shí)的復(fù)習(xí)，這些記住過的東西就會(huì)遺忘，而經(jīng)過了及時(shí)的復(fù)習(xí)，這些短時(shí)的記憶就會(huì)成為了人的一種長時(shí)的記憶，從而在大腦中保持著很長的時(shí)間。那么，對(duì)于我們來講，怎樣才叫做遺忘呢，所謂遺忘就是我們對(duì)于曾經(jīng)記憶過的東西不能再認(rèn)起來，也不能回憶起來，或者是錯(cuò)誤的再認(rèn)和錯(cuò)誤的回憶，這些都是遺忘。艾賓浩斯在做這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的時(shí)候是拿自己作為測(cè)試對(duì)象的，他得出了一些關(guān)于記憶的結(jié)論。他選用了一些根本沒有意義的音節(jié)，也就是那些不能拼出單詞來的眾多字母的組合，比如asww，cfhhj，ijikmb，rfyjbc等等。他經(jīng)過對(duì)自己的測(cè)試，得到了一些數(shù)據(jù)。 然后，艾賓浩斯又根據(jù)了這些點(diǎn)描繪出了一條曲線，這就是非

9、常有名的揭示遺忘規(guī)律的曲線：艾賓浩斯遺忘曲線，圖中豎軸表示學(xué)習(xí)中記住的知識(shí)數(shù)量，橫軸表示時(shí)間(天數(shù))，曲線表示記憶量變化的規(guī)律。 這條曲線告訴人們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)中的遺忘是有規(guī)律的，遺忘的進(jìn)程不是均衡的，不是固定的一天丟掉幾個(gè)，轉(zhuǎn)天又丟幾個(gè)的，而是在記憶的最初階段遺忘的速度很快，后來就逐漸減慢了，到了相當(dāng)長的時(shí)候后，幾乎就不再遺忘了，這就是遺忘的發(fā)展規(guī)律，即"先快后慢"的原則。觀察這條遺忘曲線，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),學(xué)得的知識(shí)在一天后，如不抓緊復(fù)習(xí),就只剩下原來的25%)。隨著時(shí)間的推移,遺忘的速度減慢，遺忘的數(shù)量也就減少。有人做過一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，兩組學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)一段課文，甲組在學(xué)習(xí)后不久進(jìn)行一次復(fù)習(xí)，乙

10、組不予復(fù)習(xí)，一天后甲組保持98%，乙組保持56%；一周后甲組保持83%，乙組保持33%。乙組的遺忘平均值比甲組高。 二、不同性質(zhì)材料有不同的遺忘曲線 而且，艾賓浩斯還在關(guān)于記憶的實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn)，記住12個(gè)無意義音節(jié)，平均需要重復(fù)16.5次；為了記住36個(gè)無意義章節(jié)，需重復(fù)54次；而記憶六首詩中的480個(gè)音節(jié)，平均只需要重復(fù)8次！這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)告訴我們，凡是理解了的知識(shí)，就能記得迅速、全面而牢固。不然，愣是死記硬背，那也是費(fèi)力不討好的。因此，比較容易記憶的是那些有意義的材料，而那些無意義的材料在記憶的時(shí)候比較費(fèi)力氣，在以后回憶起來的時(shí)候也很不輕松。因此，艾賓浩斯遺忘曲線是關(guān)于遺忘的一種曲線，而且是對(duì)無意義

11、的音節(jié)而言，對(duì)于與其他材料的對(duì)比，艾賓浩斯又得出了不同性質(zhì)材料的不同遺忘曲線，不過他們大體上都是一致的。 因此，艾賓浩斯的實(shí)驗(yàn)向我們充分證實(shí)了一個(gè)道理，學(xué)習(xí)要勤于復(fù)習(xí)，而且記憶的理解效果越好，遺忘的也越慢。 三、不同的人有不同的艾賓浩斯記憶曲線-個(gè)性化的艾賓浩斯 上述的艾賓浩斯記憶曲線是艾賓浩斯在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中經(jīng)過了大量測(cè)試后，產(chǎn)生了不同的記憶數(shù)據(jù)，從而生成的一種曲線，是一個(gè)具有共性的群體規(guī)律。此記憶曲線并不考慮接受試驗(yàn)個(gè)人的個(gè)性特點(diǎn)，而是尋求一種處于平衡點(diǎn)的記憶規(guī)律。 但是記憶規(guī)律可以具體到我們每個(gè)人，因?yàn)槲覀兊纳硖攸c(diǎn)、生活經(jīng)歷不同，可能導(dǎo)致我們有不同的記憶習(xí)慣、記憶方式、記憶特點(diǎn)。規(guī)律對(duì)于自然

12、人改造世界的行為，只能起一個(gè)催化的作用，如果與每個(gè)人的記憶特點(diǎn)相吻合，那么就如順?biāo)畵P(yáng)帆，一日千里；如果與個(gè)人記憶特點(diǎn)相悖，記憶效果則會(huì)大打折扣。因此，我們要根據(jù)每個(gè)人的不同特點(diǎn)，尋找到屬于自己的艾賓浩斯記憶曲線 2如何學(xué)英語 下定決心，堅(jiān)持不懈 英語學(xué)習(xí)作為一門語言技能，通過大量的訓(xùn)練和練習(xí)任何人是可以掌握的。一般地說，英語學(xué)習(xí)的原則是聽、說領(lǐng)先，讀、寫跟上。李揚(yáng)的瘋狂英語提倡，首先建立起我能學(xué)好英語的信心，然后以句子為單位，大量地模仿，瘋狂地操練，大聲地朗讀，最后達(dá)到自如地說英語，他的方法對(duì)提高說英語的能力很奏效。鐘道隆教授45歲開始學(xué)英語，一年后，學(xué)成出國當(dāng)口語翻譯，并創(chuàng)造了逆苦惱、逆急于

13、求成、逆速成的逆向?qū)W習(xí)英語的方法。他還提出學(xué)習(xí)英語要遵循聽、寫、說、背、想的方法，他的方法強(qiáng)調(diào)以聽為主，并且把所聽到的內(nèi)容全部寫下來。尤其是他的學(xué)習(xí)精神最可佳，他學(xué)習(xí)英語用壞了十幾臺(tái)錄音機(jī)，你可想象他聽了多少英語；用完的圓珠筆芯幾乎裝滿了一個(gè)一拉罐，你可想象他寫了多少，在一年半內(nèi)，累計(jì)業(yè)余學(xué)習(xí)英語時(shí)間大約三千小時(shí)，也就說每天抽出幾個(gè)小時(shí)來學(xué)英語。如果我們做到他那樣，一定也能學(xué)好英語。最重要的是堅(jiān)持，只要能下定決心，堅(jiān)持每天至少一個(gè)小時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)英語，戰(zhàn)勝自我最后肯定會(huì)有收獲的。 注意方法，循序漸進(jìn) 決心下定，還注意學(xué)習(xí)方法，有時(shí)根據(jù)自己的情況和不同的學(xué)習(xí)目的，選擇不同的學(xué)習(xí)方法，但是學(xué)習(xí)英語一定要

14、踏踏實(shí)實(shí)地、一步一個(gè)腳印地走。要把基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)掌握好，也就是說，發(fā)音要正確、基本詞匯要掌握牢、基本句式要熟練、基本語法要會(huì)用。 （1）要過好語音關(guān)。把每一個(gè)音標(biāo)發(fā)正確，注意改正有問題的音素，特別是那些容易混淆的音素，盡早地掌握國際音標(biāo)，并盡量的掌握一些讀音規(guī)則，盡快地能利用讀音規(guī)則來拼單詞，掌握讀音規(guī)則對(duì)單詞的記憶和拼寫非常有用。 （2）掌握一定數(shù)量的英語單詞。對(duì)于學(xué)習(xí)者來說掌握英語詞匯是一難關(guān)，學(xué)習(xí)單詞要從單詞的形、音、義這三方面去掌握，要注意單詞的一詞多義，一詞多類的用法，要學(xué)會(huì)一些構(gòu)詞法的知識(shí)，來擴(kuò)展詞匯量。學(xué)習(xí)單詞要在語言材料中去學(xué)，要結(jié)合詞組，通過句子，閱讀文章來活記單詞，死記的單詞是記

15、不牢的。堅(jiān)持在讀、說前，先反復(fù)聽，聽的時(shí)候反應(yīng)單詞、句子的意思和節(jié)奏，想一下單詞的拼法、句子結(jié)構(gòu)。并要同學(xué)習(xí)語法規(guī)則有機(jī)結(jié)合起來進(jìn)行。 （3）掌握好基本語法。語法在學(xué)習(xí)英語中也很重要，它能幫助我們把握住英語的基本規(guī)律，通過例句或語言現(xiàn)象把死的語法規(guī)則要記住，活的規(guī)則要通過做大量的練習(xí)掌握?？傊畬W(xué)習(xí)英語要通過聽、說、讀、寫、譯來進(jìn)行操練，不但要注意數(shù)量，更重要的是要注意質(zhì)量，尤其是基本知識(shí)要掌握的準(zhǔn)確，熟練。只有經(jīng)過大量的實(shí)踐，才能做到熟能生巧，運(yùn)用自如。 提前預(yù)習(xí)，有的放矢 作為學(xué)生，在每次上課前，都要對(duì)要學(xué)的課文提前預(yù)習(xí)。首先在音標(biāo)的幫助下試著拼讀單詞，也可以借助配套磁帶反復(fù)聽，對(duì)比一下，把

16、握不準(zhǔn)的要標(biāo)出來，注意上課老師的發(fā)音，還要記一下單詞的漢語意思和詞性。借助課文的注釋或輔導(dǎo)材料，預(yù)習(xí)一遍課文，找出不明白的地方，做到心中有數(shù)，在教師講課時(shí)注意聽這些地方?？傊A(yù)習(xí)的目的是熟悉要學(xué)的內(nèi)容，找出不明白的地方，帶著問題聽課，做到有的放矢。 認(rèn)真聽課，積極配合 課堂是老師與學(xué)生一起學(xué)習(xí)、掌握、運(yùn)用知識(shí)的主要場(chǎng)所。作為起主導(dǎo)作用的老師一方引導(dǎo)學(xué)生搞好課堂教學(xué)是很必要的，但也需要學(xué)習(xí)者的積極配合。上課要專心聽講、作好筆記、認(rèn)真操練、積極思考。預(yù)習(xí)時(shí)出現(xiàn)的問題在課堂上教師沒有講到的，要向老師提出，把問題搞清楚，老師講授的問題，先注意聽，下課后整理一下筆記，反復(fù)思考一下這些問題，抓住老師所講

17、的重點(diǎn)，難點(diǎn)和考點(diǎn)?？傊?，上課時(shí)要做到耳聽、眼觀、嘴動(dòng)、腦想，調(diào)動(dòng)起多個(gè)感官來。 完成作業(yè)，找出問題 學(xué)完每一課，要認(rèn)真完成課后作業(yè)。做作業(yè)時(shí)一定不要看參考書上題的答案，做完后再對(duì)答案，對(duì)于作業(yè)中所出現(xiàn)的不明白的問題，應(yīng)該記下來，等下次上課時(shí)提出來。做作業(yè)是英語學(xué)習(xí)的很重要的環(huán)節(jié)，它是消化知識(shí)和鞏固知識(shí)的過程，一定要認(rèn)真完成規(guī)定的作業(yè)，筆頭作業(yè)要?jiǎng)右粍?dòng)筆，口頭作業(yè)要?jiǎng)右粍?dòng)嘴，提高聽力要練一練耳，課文在聽和讀的基礎(chǔ)上，最好背誦某些精彩段落?？傊?，要做大量的練習(xí)，英語是練出來的， 一定不要偷懶。 及時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)，鞏固知識(shí) 學(xué)會(huì)了的東西隨著時(shí)間的流逝會(huì)逐漸遺忘，但學(xué)語言有遺忘現(xiàn)象是正常的。更不必因?yàn)橛羞z忘

18、現(xiàn)象而影響自己學(xué)好英語的信心與決心。問題在于怎樣來減輕遺忘的程度。善于類比，總結(jié)知識(shí)，把新學(xué)的知識(shí)同過去學(xué)的有關(guān)的知識(shí)進(jìn)行橫向和縱向比較和了解。建立錯(cuò)誤檔案記錄，加深印象，以避免再反同樣錯(cuò)誤。我們大部分知識(shí)和技能是靠重復(fù)獲得的，及時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)對(duì)于記憶非常必要，學(xué)英語就是要堅(jiān)持天天不斷的練，不斷地重復(fù)基本句型，常用詞匯和基本語法等。學(xué)習(xí)英語的過程也是同遺忘做斗爭(zhēng)的過程。 總而言之，只要你能做到下定決心學(xué)，注意學(xué)習(xí)方法，把課前預(yù)習(xí)，認(rèn)真聽課，完成作業(yè)，及時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)這些環(huán)節(jié)作好了，你一定能夠?qū)W好英語2000年專四聽力答案PART I DICTATION What We Know About Language

19、Many things about language are a mystery and will remain so. / However, we now do know something about it. / First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. / No human race anywhere on earth is so backward / that it has no language of its own at all. /Second, there is no such thin

20、g as a primitive language. / There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped, / but the languages they speak are by no means primitive. / In all the languages existing in the world today,/ there are complexities that must have been developed for years. / Third, we know that all languages are pe

21、rfectly adequate./ Each is a perfect means of expressing its culture. /And finally, we know that language changes over time, / which is natural and normal if a language is to survive. / The language which remains unchanged is nothing but dead.PART LISTENING COMPREHENSION SECTION A CONVERSATIONS Ques

22、tions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation.M:Jill,have you registered with the next semester?W:Not yet, there's still something that I'm not sure. Do you know if Professor Smith's economics 102 is still available to all undergraduate students?M: No, I don't think so. Last s

23、emester I tried to register in that course but all the other people told me not to.W: Why not?M: They said that my lack of knowledge in higher mathematics might be an obstacle in understanding Professor Smith's theory.W: Really?M: (I ) Jack tqld me that Professor Smith usually uses lots of formu

24、las inside class. So you'd better make sure that you are extremely familiar with these formulas if you are seriously considering taking his course.W:What a shame I (2)My friends all told me that Professor Smith has lots of original ideas and he really can stimulate students to think. But I don&#

25、39;t think I have the mathematical skills to keep up with the others.M:lf you want to take the course so much, why don't you register in a course in higher mathematics first?W. But I'm afraid that I will miss Professor Smith's course when I finish the mathematics course.M: Hey, I heard t

26、hat Professor Smith would give the same course in the semester that starts next fall. ( 3 ) Why don't you take a year's higher mathematics and register in economics 102 the next fall?W:That sounds a good idea.I. B 推斷題。根據(jù) ''They said that my lack of knowledge in higher mathematics mig

27、ht be an obstacle in understanding Professor Smith's theory.可知，缺少高等數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)會(huì)阻礙理解史密斯教授的理論，所以學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)需要有高等數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)，因而 B項(xiàng)偉正確答案。2. D 細(xì)節(jié)題。文中提到''My friends all told me that Professor Smith has lots of original ideas and he really stimulate students to think.”由此可知，史密斯教授有很很多新穎的觀點(diǎn)，斌且能夠激發(fā)學(xué)生思考。句中original意為“獨(dú)創(chuàng)

28、的，新穎的”，D項(xiàng)中possess意為“擁有”，因而D項(xiàng)為正確答案。3. B 細(xì)節(jié)題。文中提到 ''Why don't you take a year's higher mathematics and register in economics 102 the next fall?”由此可知，他建議今年學(xué)習(xí)高等數(shù)學(xué)，明年秋天學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)，因而B項(xiàng)為正確答案。Questions 4 to 6 are based on the following conversation.M;Do you want to go to a big university or a sma

29、ll one?W: (4)1 think I'd rather go to a small university, so the classes wouldn't be so large.M:Do you want to go out of the state or stay here?W:l want to stay in the state, so I will be close to home.M: It sure would be nice to be close enough to come home on weekends when you want to. How

30、 about a public or private university?W: Well, ( 6 ) I like the atmosphere of a private church-owned school. The students are more serious about school, and there aren't a lot of parties.M: Yes, but private universities are so expensive. How are you going to pay for it?W: (5 ) I've applied f

31、or a music scholarship, and my parents will be able to help pay for some of the expenses. What about you? What are you going to do after graduation?M : I'm going to Oregon State University.W:0h,l know a lot of kids who've gone there and really like it. Why do you choose it?M; Well, a lot of

32、my friends are going there, and the school has a good teacher preparation program. I've always wanted to be a teacher. I'm really excited about the life at college.W: Well, good luck.M: You too. See you later.4. B 細(xì)節(jié)題。文中提到“I'd rather go to a small university, so the classes wouldn't

33、be so large.”有此可知，她愿意去規(guī)模小的大學(xué)，因?yàn)榘嗉?jí)的人數(shù)不會(huì)太多，因此B項(xiàng)為正確答案。5. D 細(xì)節(jié)題。文中提到“I've applied for a music scholarship, and my parents will be able to help pay for some of the expenses.”由此可知，她已申請(qǐng)了獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，并且她的父母可以幫助她支付部分學(xué)費(fèi)，因而D項(xiàng)為正確答案。6. C 細(xì)節(jié)題。文中提到“I like the atmosphere of a private church-owned school，and there aren&#

34、39;t a lot of parties.”由此可知，私利教會(huì)學(xué)校沒有很多派對(duì)，因此C項(xiàng)的敘述錯(cuò)誤，為正確答案。由“. a private church-owned school. The students are more serious about school.”可知,私立教堂學(xué)校的學(xué)生更加認(rèn)真,因?yàn)锳項(xiàng)的敘述正確;由“but private universities are so expensive.”可知,私立大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)昂貴,因此B項(xiàng)的敘述正確;由“Well, I like the atmosphere of a private church-owned school.”可知,她喜歡

35、私立教會(huì)學(xué)校的氛圍,因而D項(xiàng)的敘述正確。Questions 7 to 10 are based on the following conversation. W: Gosh! Fred, another cup of coffee? That's your third since lunch, M: Yeah. Well, ( 7 ) I stayed up all night working for my history exam. I couldn't keep my eyes open in my last class. I'm having this coffe

36、e so I can stay awake this afternoon. W: Don't you know that drinking too much coffee is harmful? M:What do you mean by harmful? W: Well, for one thing it may cause heart disease. M: Nah. ( 8 ) Most of the research about the link between coffee and the heart disease is inconclusive. W:But coffee

37、 has caffeine which is addictive. M:l can't become addicted to caffeine like other drugs. W: Yes, you can. Don't you know that people who are deprived of caffeine suffer from draw symptoms, esp. headaches. M:0ne cure for headaches, oddly enough, is caffeine. Haven't you ever noticed that

38、 many over-the-counter headache remedies use caffeine as one of their ingredients? Besides, coffee helps me work faster. W: ( 9 ) Studies have shown that coffee makes you work faster but not necessarily better. You may finish your exam in a shorter period of time but you won't have fewer errors.

39、 M: You know that soda you are drinking has caffeine in it too. W:But 12 ounces of soda has only half the caffeine of a 5 ounces cup of coffee. And a cup of tea has less than that. M: But I like the taste of coffee.7. C 細(xì)節(jié)題。文中提到“I stayed up all night working for my history exam. I couldn't keep

40、my eyes open in my last class.” 可知他熬夜復(fù)習(xí)歷史，所以現(xiàn)在太累，因此C項(xiàng)為正確答案。8. B 細(xì)節(jié)題。文中提到“Most of the research about the link between coffee and the heart disease is inconclusive.”，由此可知，研究表明咖啡和心臟疾病沒有決定性的了解，因此B為正確答案。另外，由“But 12 ounces of soda has only half the caffeine of a 5 ounces cup of coffee.”可知C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；由“Studies ha

41、ve shown that coffee makes you work faster but not necessarily better.”可知D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。SECTION B PASSAGESQuestions II to 13 are based on the following passage. Everywhere we see Americans running. They run for every reason anybody could think of. They run for health, for beauty , to lose weight, to feel fit

42、and because it's the thing they love to do. Every year, for example, thousands upon thousands of people run in one race, the Boston Marathon, the best known long distance race in the United States, In recent years, there have been nearly 5 000 official competitors and it takes three whole minute

43、s for the crowd of runners just to cross the starting line. You may have heard the story of the Greek runner Pheidippides. He ran from Marathon to Athens to deliver the news of the great victory 2 500 years ago. (II) No one knows how long it took him to run the distance. But the story tells us that

44、he died of the effort. Today no one will die in a Marathon race. But the effort is still enormous. Someone does come in first in this tiring foot race. But at the finish line we see what this race is about: not being first but finishing. (12)The real victory is not over one's fellow runners but

45、over one's own body. It's a victory of willpower over fatigue. ( 13)ln the Boston Marathon each person who crosses that finish line is a winner.11. B 細(xì)節(jié)題。文中提到“No one knows how long it took him to run the distance. But the story tells us that he died of the effort.”由此可知，由于長途跑步，他勞累致死，因而B項(xiàng)為正確答案

46、。12. C 細(xì)節(jié)題。文中提到“The real victory is not over one's fellow runners but over one's own body. It's a victory of willpower over fatigue.”由此可知，真正的勝利不是超過他人，而是超越自我，這是以堅(jiān)強(qiáng)毅力戰(zhàn)勝疲勞的勝利。這里是堅(jiān)強(qiáng)毅力的勝利，而非D項(xiàng)所說的是人的體能上的勝利，因而C項(xiàng)為正確答案。13. D 細(xì)節(jié)題.。文中最后一句提到“l(fā)n the Boston Marathon each person who crosses that finish

47、 line is a winner.”由此可知，每個(gè)跑完全程，到達(dá)終點(diǎn)的人都是勝利者，因而D為正確答案。Questions 14 to 16 are based on the following passage. Paper is one of the most important products ever invented by man. Widespread use of written language would not have been possible without some cheap and practical material to write on. (14) The

48、 invention of paper meant that more people could be educated because more books could be printed and distributed. Together with the printing press, paper provided an extremely important way to communicate knowledge. How much paper do you use every year? Probably you cannot answer that question quick

49、ly. In 1900 the world's use of paper was about one kilogram for each person a year. Now some countries use as much as 50 kilograms of paper for each per-son a year. (15) Countries like the United States .England and Sweden use more paper than other countries. Paper, like many other things that w

50、e use today, was first made in China. (16) In Egypt and the West, paper was not very commonly used before the year 1400. The Egyptians wrote on a kind of material made of a water plant. Europeans usedparchment, a certain kind of paper, for many hundreds of years. It was very strong and made from the

51、 skin of certain young animals: We have learnt of the most important facts of European history from records that were kept on it.14. A 細(xì)節(jié)題。文中提到“The invention of paper meant that more people could be educated because more books could be printed and distributed. Together with the printing press, paper

52、 provided an extremely important way to communicate knowledge.”由此可知，紙的發(fā)明使得更多的人受到教育，更多的書籍被印刷發(fā)行，并且提供了交流知識(shí)的重要途徑。所以B項(xiàng)、C 項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)的敘述均正確，A項(xiàng)內(nèi)容并未提及，因?yàn)锳項(xiàng)為正確答案。15. B細(xì)節(jié)題。文中提到“Countries like the United States .England and Sweden use more paper than other countries.”由此可知，美國和瑞典這樣的國家使用紙的數(shù)量更多，因而B項(xiàng)為正確答案。16. A細(xì)節(jié)題。文中提到“In

53、 Egypt and the West, paper was not very commonly used before the year 1400.”由此可知，在埃及和西方國家，到1400年紙才被廣泛使用，因而A項(xiàng)為正確答案。Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following passage. Science fiction writers have often imagined humans going to live on Mars. But these days, scientists are taking the idea seriously.

54、 It has a great deal to recommend it, ( 17 ) since it might solve the problem of overcrowding on the earth. But obviously, it would not be worth making the effort unless people could live there naturally. ( 18 ) If the atmosphere were like that of the earth, this might be possible. Apart from that,

55、there are other problems to be overcome. For example, the temperature would have to be raised from 6 degrees below zero to 15 degrees above it. Scientists who study Mars have laid down the program that they can follow. To begin with, they will have to find out whether life has ever existed on the pl

56、anet of Mars in the past. Secondly, they will have to make a reliable map of its surface. And finally, they will have to make a list of the gases.( 19) Above all, they will have to discover how much nitrogen it possesses. Since nitrogen is four fifths of the air we breathe, they are surprisingly opt

57、imistic about raising the temperature on Mars and believe it could be done in one hundred years. It will take a bit longer, though, to transform the atmosphere so that human beings could live there. ( 20 ) Scientists estimate this will take one hundred thousand years.17. A 推斷題。根據(jù)“. since it might so

58、lve the problem of overcrowding on the earth. But obviously, it would not be worth making the effort unless people could live there naturally.”可知，這也許可以解決地球過于擁擠的問題，使人們可以自然地住在那里，所以移居火星是科學(xué)家感興趣的問題，因而A項(xiàng)為正確答案。18. D If the atmosphere were like that of the earth, this might be possible. 細(xì)節(jié)題。文中提到“If the atmo

59、sphere were like that of the earth, this might be possible.”由此可知如果火星的大氣與地球的大氣相像，人們就可能移居，因而D項(xiàng)為正確答案。19. D 細(xì)節(jié)題。文中提到“Above all, they will have to discover how much nitrogen it possesses. Since nitrogen is four fifths of the air we breathe,.”由此可知，氮?dú)庹嫉厍虼髿獾?/5，是大氣的主要成分，所以科學(xué)家要考察火星的氮?dú)夂浚蚨鳧項(xiàng)為正確答案。20. C 細(xì)節(jié)題。文中提到“Scientists estimate this will take one hundred thousand years.”由此可知