人教版八年級下冊Unit9知識點及練習(xí)

1、Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement park?【單元目標(biāo)】n.目標(biāo)句型：1. Have you ever been to ？ Yes, I have. /No , I haven ' t.2. I/He/She has / have never been to 3. Where have you been?4. Where do you want to go?5. How long have you been d oing ?6. What do you like best about doing sth.?7. What kind of

2、 job do you want?8. How do/did you do sth.?9. How do you spell your name?m.語法現(xiàn)在完成時A.表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持 續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。如：The car has arrived.車子來了。（結(jié)果：車子已在門口）Someone has broken the window.有人把窗戶打破了。（結(jié)果：窗戶仍破著）現(xiàn)在完成時句子通常有recently , lately, since, for, in the past few months/years 等詞做時間狀語?？隙ㄐ?/p>

3、式： have/has + done 否定形式 ：have/has + not +done 一般疑問句：have或has放于句首。B.現(xiàn)在完成時的用法1）現(xiàn)在完成時所表示的動作在說話之前已完成，而對現(xiàn)在有影響。所以常常后面不用 時間狀語?，F(xiàn)在完成時所表的動作離說話人的說話時刻可近可遠(yuǎn)。如：He has gone to London.（說話人認(rèn)為他不在該地 ）He has been to London.（說話人認(rèn)為他在該地）2）現(xiàn)在完成時所表示的動作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還會持續(xù)下去。常用for和since表示段時間的狀語或so far, now, today, this week （mo

4、nth , year）等表示包括現(xiàn)在時間在內(nèi)的狀語。例如：He has studied English for 5 years.He has studied English since 2001.Now I have finished the work.注意：表示短暫時間動作的詞，如:come, go, die, marry, buy等的完成時不能與 for, since等表示一段時間的詞連用。3）現(xiàn)在完成時還可用在時間和條件狀語從句中，表示將來某時完成的動作。 例如：I ll go to oyur home when I have finished my homework.If it has

5、 stopped snowing in the morning ， we will go to the park.【重點詞語】1. record（1）record 作名詞，表示“記錄 ”This is a record of school attendance. 這是一份學(xué)生考勤記錄。He kept a record of what the speaker sail. 他把說話人所說的話都記錄了下來。（2）record 作名詞還可表示“有關(guān)某人或某物過去的已知事實；檔案記錄”。He has an honorable record of service. 他有光榮的服務(wù)記錄。（3）record

6、作動詞，表示“寫出以作參考、記錄”。例如：The tape recorder has recorded his voice 錄音機已經(jīng)錄下了他的聲音。Listen to the speaker carefully and record what he says. 仔細(xì)聽講，然后記下他所說的 話。2. have been to 表示 “到 （去 ）過某處 ”，現(xiàn)在已不在那個地方。如：He has been to England他曾到過英國。（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在英國了）Have you ever been to the Great Wall ？你到過長城嗎?（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在長城上）have gone to

7、 表示 “去了某處”， “到某處去了”，現(xiàn)在已不在說話的地點了。如：He has gone to England。他已去英國了。（已經(jīng)不在說話的地方，到達(dá)英國或者在去英國的路上）3. timen. U 時間，時候如：Time never stands still.時間不會停滯不前。The time has come for us to speak out. 是我們大膽講話的時候了。n. C 一段時間，時刻如：You have taken a long time writing the letter.你用了很長時間寫這封信。We had a good time together.我們一起度過了愉

8、快的時光。n. （多用復(fù)數(shù)）時代如：He is one of the best actors in modern times.他是現(xiàn)代最好的演員之一。In Shakespeare s time there were no actresses on the English stea.g莎士比亞時代英國舞臺上沒有女演員。n. 次；倍如：This is the first time that I have ever been abroad.這真是我第一次出國。Your room is three times the size of mine.你的房間是我的三倍大。注意：作 “倍，次 ”，必須用于“三

9、次（倍）”以上，一、二次（倍）用once， twice 表示。4. attract(1)用作及物動詞，可直接跟名詞或代詞作賓語。The noise attracted his attention. 喧嚷聲引起了他的注意。(2)attract 常用于 be attracted to sb / sth 結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“喜愛某人或某物”。I m very attracted to her. 我非常喜歡她。5. discover(1)作 “發(fā)現(xiàn) ”講時，作及物動詞，后跟名詞作賓語，指的是那些原來已存在的，但不為人知的物或事等They discovered him stealing public prope

10、rty.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)他盜竊公共財產(chǎn)。Who discovered the America?誰發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲？(2)discover 還可意為“知道事實，答案”I soon discovered the truth. 不久我便知道了真相。6. onethe other表示“兩者中的)一個另一個“，該短語是代詞短語，強調(diào)兩個當(dāng)中的一個另一個。注意其基數(shù)必須是兩個。I have two sister. One is a doctor, and the other is a teacher. 我有兩個姐姐，一個是醫(yī)生，一個是老師。Hold it in this hand ， not the other. 用這

11、只手握著，不要用那只手。7. for example表示 例如”，該短語常用在句中作插入語，用于舉例說明情況，可放在句首、句中或句末，但常用逗號與正文隔開。常置于句首。We feed many animals， for example ， cows， pigs， dogs， horses etc.我們喂養(yǎng)很多的動物，例如奶牛、豬、狗、馬等等。For example， Jack Booth， a 21-year-old man， gave up his job in San Francisco Library a year ago.例如，21歲的杰克 布斯在一年前放棄了他在舊金山圖書館的工作。F

12、or example， I know the film star Zhang Ziyi.譬如，我認(rèn)識電影明星章子怡。8. mean(1)mean 作及物動詞，意為“意思是，意味著”。What does this word mean? 這個單詞是什么意思？(2)mean意為 意思是:還可跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。例如：The teacher meant that you must listen carefully in class.老師的意思是你上課必須認(rèn)真聽講。(3)mean還可意為 意味著”，后跟動名詞作賓語。What he said means sending you to the hos

13、pital. 他說的話得意思著要送你去醫(yī)院。(4)mean 還可意為“打算，意圖”，后跟動詞不定式作賓語。例如：I don t mean to hurt you. 我并無意傷害你。What do you mean to do next? 你下一步打算做什么？9. own(1)own 意為 “自己的，特有的”，常與名詞所有格連用，起加強語氣的作用。It s nice if I can have my ownroom. 我要是能有自己的房間就好了。(2)own 作代詞，意為“屬于某人之物”，相當(dāng)于一個名詞性物主代詞。Those books belong to the library but thi

14、s is my own.那些書是圖書館的，但這本是我自己的。(3)own 還可作動詞，表示“擁有，有”。We don t rent our house; we own it. 我們的房子不是租的，是我們自己的。(4)own 作動詞，還可表示“承認(rèn)，自白”。He owned to have done it. 他承認(rèn)曾經(jīng)干過這件事。10. ask for 表示 “要求，請求”。Bill did a lot for me without asking for any reward 比爾為我做了許多事，沒要任何報酬。Don't serve water at meals unless someo

15、ne asks for it. 除非有人要，就餐時不要端水上 去。I've asked for an interview with the manager. 我已請求與經(jīng)理見面。If you get into difficulties ， don't hesitate to ask for advice.如果你陷入困境，應(yīng)立即去請求建議。If I had asked for direction ， I wouldn't have lost my way.我要問一問方向的話，就不會迷路了?！局仉y點分析】1. Have you ever been to a water pa

16、rk?你曾去過水上公園嗎？ No， I haven t.不，沒去過。 Me， neither.我也沒去過。(1)have been to 表示某人“去過某地，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了”，可用于各種人稱。I have been to the Summer Palace. 我去過頤和園。Have you ever been to Shanghai? 你曾經(jīng)去過上海嗎？I have never been to the city. 我從沒去過那座城市。(2)副詞ever 意為 “曾經(jīng)，以前，無論何時”表示一個不確定的時間。主要用于否定句、疑問句、條件句、比較句等。Have you ever been to Pa

17、ris? 你曾去過巴黎嗎?We hardly ever go out at night.我們晚上很少出去。(3)本句中Me， neither. 是口語化的簡略回答。一般情況下用Neither have I ， 為 “ neither +系/助/情態(tài)動詞+主語”結(jié)構(gòu)，neither在此意為 也不”，表示主語所做的動作與前面提到 過的人或事相同，是為了避免語言重復(fù)，其中的系/助 /情態(tài)動詞在時態(tài)上與前一句保持一致，而在數(shù)上要與其后的主語一致。例如：一I can ' t swim我不會游泳。一Neither can I.我也不會。I don t want to go, neither wil

18、l I. 我不想去，也不會去。He didn t go to school. Neither did she. 他沒去上學(xué)，她也沒去。(4)若在肯定句中表示也”，則要用“so舔/助/情態(tài)動詞”。I am a student， so is my sister. 我是學(xué)生，我妹妹也是學(xué)生。He can swim ， so can I. 他會游泳，我也會。I feel happy ， so does he. 我高興，他也高興。2. All the houses look like houses in Holland.所有的房子看起來像荷蘭的房子。 句子look是系動詞，后跟介詞短語作表語。look

19、like表示 像，與相似"是一動詞短語。He looks so much like his brother that people often mistake them for each other.他和他弟弟十分相像，人們常錯認(rèn)他們。These houses look exactly like each other， which makes the street look very dull.這些房屋一模一樣，使這條街顯得單調(diào)乏味。3. Most of us have probably heard of Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, and many oth

20、er famousDisney characters. 我們大部分人可能都聽說過米老鼠、唐老鴨還有其他許多有名的迪士尼人物。(1)hear of 為動介結(jié)構(gòu)，后面常接名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語，表示聽到有關(guān)某事的消息或情況。They have never heard of that. 他們從未聽說過那件事。hear of后一般不接從句，要接從句時，則不用 of。例如：I heard our Chinese teacher was ill.我聽說我們的語文教師病了。(2)probably 表示 “可能 ”，是一種推測。He will probably succeed.他很可能會成功。4. I wa

21、nt to study in an English-speaking country. 我想到一個說英語的國家深造。(1)want to do sth 意為 “想要做某事”。Did you want to tell me something?你想告訴我些什么嗎？(2)English-speaking 是合成形容詞，表示“說英語的”，注意 spoken English 表示 “英語口語 ”。5. I've never been to an amusement park like it before. 我以前從未去過那樣的露天游樂 場。(1)副詞never作 永不，決不”解，表示全部否定，

22、一般指經(jīng)常性的狀態(tài)，不用于修飾一次性的具體動作；一般位于系動詞及助動詞之后，實義動詞之前，如修飾動詞不定式或分詞，則要放在不定式或分詞之前；never 可用于句首加強語氣，其后的句子要主謂倒裝。I can never understand why Mary said nothing about her wrongs.我絕不理解瑪麗說的她什么也沒有做錯。I hope never to see him again我希望再也不要見到他。He is never late for class 他上課從不遲到。Never have l seen such a strange person我從來沒看見過這樣

23、的怪人。(2)before 用作副詞表示“以前 ”。泛指 “以前 ”時，謂語動詞可用一般過去時表示過去發(fā)生過， ， 也可用現(xiàn)在完成時則表示對現(xiàn)在的影響。用于特指時通常置于表示具體時間的名詞之后。We saw that film before.那部電影我們以前看過。I have never seen such a beautiful scene. 我從來沒有見過這樣美麗的景象。It came across my mind that l had met him somewhere before.我突然意識到我曾在什么地方見過他。6. Here's what two of our stude

24、nts said about our school.這里就是兩個我們的學(xué)生所說的關(guān)于我們學(xué)校的情況。(1)這是一個含有主語從句的倒裝的主從復(fù)合句。連接代詞what 既引導(dǎo)主語從句，又在從句中作said 的賓語。What he said is true他所說的是真的。What l need most is your help 我最需要的是你的幫助。What we need badly are more teachers我們急需的是更多的老師。(2)副詞here置于句首要用倒裝語序，主語為代詞部分倒裝，主語為名詞全部倒裝。Here it is. 給你。Here is a letter for yo

25、u.這是給你的來信。Here comes the bus! 汽車來了!Here's the book you're looking for.這就是你正在找的書。Here he comes! 他來了 !7. It was because I could speak English that I got the job.正是因為我會講英語我才得到了這份工作。這是一個強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，強調(diào)原因狀語從句。強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的句式是“It+be哦強調(diào)成分+that被強調(diào)的是簡單句的主語、賓語、賓補或狀語，不能強調(diào)謂語、定語或表語。強 調(diào)對象是人作主語時可用who,作賓語時用 whom,其余一律用that。

26、It was my father who that did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.正是父親昨天晚上在實驗室作實驗。It was at the gate of the school I met Tom.正是在校門口我見到湯姆。It was last week that l attended an art exhibition for the first time.是上周我才第一次參觀一個藝術(shù)展覽。It was not until he broke my favorite vase that l flew into rages.我是

27、在他打碎了我的花瓶時才生氣的。It was because he was ill that he didn't come to the school yesterday.正是因為他病了昨天才沒來上學(xué)?！驹~語辨析】1. hear， hear of 與 hear from(1)hear 為及物動詞，意為“聽見，聽到”，后可跟復(fù)合賓語，hear sb do sth 表示 “聽見某人做了某事”或 hear sb doing sth 表示 “聽見某人正做某事”。We listened but could hear nothing.我們留心聽，卻什么也沒有聽見。I heard her singin

28、g in her room.我聽見她正在房間里唱歌。(2)hear 還可作 “聽說 ”講，后常跟that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。I heard that he was ill.我聽說他病了。I heard that it s a good film. 我聽說那是部好影片。(3)hear of 意為 “聽說 ”，后跟人或物作賓語。I ve never heard of that place. 我從未聽說過那個地方。Have you ever heard of that story? 你聽說過那個故事嗎？(4)hear from 意為 “收到某人的來信”，后跟人作賓語。How often do you

29、hear from your sister?你多長時間收到你姐姐的一次信？I heard from him last week.我上周收到他的信。2. find ， find out 與 look for 都含有 “尋找，找到”的意思，但其含義和用法卻不同。(1)find 意為 “找到， 發(fā)現(xiàn) ”， 通常指找到或發(fā)現(xiàn)具體的東西，也可指偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)某物或某種情況，強調(diào)的是找的結(jié)果。Will you find me a pen?你替我找支鋼筆好嗎？He didn t find his bike. 他沒找到他的自行車。(2)look for 意為 “尋找 ”，是有目的地找，強調(diào)“尋找 ”這一動作。I d

30、on t find my pe；n I m looking for it everywhere. 我沒有找到我的鋼筆，我正到處 找。He is looking for his shoes.他在找他的鞋子。(3)find out 意為 “找出，發(fā)現(xiàn)，查明”，多指通過調(diào)查、詢問、打聽、研究之后“搞清楚，弄明白 ”，通常含有“經(jīng)過困難曲折”的含義，指找出較難找到的、無形的、抽象的東西。Please find out when the train leaves. 請查一下火車什么時候離站。Read this passage， and find out the answer to this questi

31、on.讀這篇短文，找出這個問題的答案。3. already， still 與 yet(1)already 用于肯定的陳述句，也可用于疑問句，表示期待肯定回答，或表示驚訝。或用于否定句，也帶有否定含義。When I arrived, he was already there.我到達(dá)時，他已在那兒了。Is it six o clock already? 已經(jīng)到 6 點鐘了嗎？(2)still 通常置于句子中間，意為“仍然，依舊”。例如：She still doesn t understand. 她仍然不明白。(3)still 還可作形容詞，意為“靜止 ”。例如：The soldier stood

32、there still.那位士兵站在那一動不動。(4)yet 與 already 意思相近，一般用于否定句和疑問句中，常置于主要動詞之前或句末。例如：We have not yet been there. 我們還沒有到過那兒。4. other， others， the other， the others， another， any other， any others(1)other 作形容詞，通常用在單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞的前面，意為“別的；其他的；另外的”。I'll come again some other day.我改日再來。(2)others(=other+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞) 泛指 “部分

33、”含義，用于已知的一些人或物中，除去某些后余下的人或物中的一部分。The students of Class Four are cleaning the classroom. Some are carrying water ， others are sweeping the floor. 四班的學(xué)生們在打掃教室。一些人在打水，另一些人在掃地。(3)the otherthe other 表示已知的兩個(或兩部分)人或事物中，特指的 “另一個 ”或 “另一些 ”， 其后可跟單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞。I have two brothers. One is a doctor ， and the other is

34、 a teacher.我有兩個兄弟。一位是醫(yī)生，另一位是教師。(4)the others(=the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞)指一定范圍內(nèi)除去一個或一部分后，余下的人或物的全部 ”。This composition is better than the others.這篇作文比其他那些都好。(5)another泛指不定數(shù)中(三者或三者以上)的 另一個"。another前面不能用定冠詞the,它作為限定詞(定語)通常與單數(shù)名詞連用，但是它后面可以跟few 或基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。This glass is broken， get me another please. 這只玻璃杯壞了，請給我再拿

35、一個。I'll stay here in another few days.我要在這兒再呆幾天。注意： other 和 another 都可以用來修飾數(shù)詞，表示“另外的；附加的”，但是結(jié)構(gòu)不同。other的位置是 數(shù)詞+other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”，相當(dāng)于 more的用法；而another則是“another+ 數(shù)詞 +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”。今天下午我又寫了兩封信。I wrote another two letters this afternoon.=I wrote two other letters this afternoon.=I wrote two more letters this afte

36、rnoon.(6)any other 表示一個之外的其它任何一個，而不是兩個之中的另一個。(7)any others 表示一些之外的其他一些。 Exercises for new words (生詞專練)I .Write down the right word form requested in the brackets.(根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的要求，寫出單詞的正確形式。)1.attract（名詞）2.fox（名詞復(fù)數(shù) ）3.wake （形容詞）4.film（同義詞）5.wonder（形容詞）6.India（形容詞）參考答案： 1.attraction 2.foxes 3.awake 4.movie 5

37、.wonderful 6.Indiann . Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English to complete the sentence.（根據(jù)括號中的漢語意思完成句子。）1 .（不）you nor he was late for school.1.1 like to eat（餃子）.3.Three（四分之三）of the students want to go boating.4.In fact, he is（勇敢）than me.5.There are four（季節(jié)）in a year.參考答案： 1.Neither 2.dum

38、plings 3.quarters 4.braver 5.seasons Exercises for phrases （短語專練）出.Complete the sentence with the right phrase.（用適當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z完成句子。）A. on board B. wake up C. all year round D. take a holiday E. ends up1. The businessman is busy.2. I often at six o 'clock.3. If you have time, you can.4. The story that th

39、e girl becomes a fairy.5. We went the ship.參考答案：1.C 2.B 3.D 4.E 5.A Exercises for function items （交際用語專練）N .Renumber the following sentences to make a complete dialogue.（重新排列以下句子，組成一個完整的對話。）A. I wish, too. I believe we will have a great time there.B. Neither have I.I want to go there. I want to go t

40、o the space museum, too.C. Yes. Now it's getting late. Where will you go?D. Have you ever been to an aquarium?E. I want to see a film in the theater now.F. How lucky you are! I wish I will go there with you that day.G. Twenty yuan. We have no time now. Let's go.H. I want to go, too. How much

41、 is the ticket?I. Yes, I have. I went there last year. But I have never been to an amusement park.J.I haven't ever been to the space museum, either. My father said he would take me there one day...9.10.參考答案：DIBJFACEHG Exercises for grammar （語法專練）V . Choose the correct word to compl

42、ete the sentence.（選擇正確的單詞完成句子。）1. Have you ever been to Europe? No, but I (have been/went) to Africa last year.2. Have you ever been to my house? No. But I m coming to your party(tonight/this night).3. Has Victor(been ever/ever been) to China?4. In future, people will (spend/waste)a long vacation ev

43、ery year.5. He is an(exchanged/exchange) student in this school.參考答案：1.答案： went 從 last year 可知應(yīng)用一般過去時。2 .答案：tonight 沒有 this night 的表達(dá)，只有this evening 的表達(dá)。3 .答案：ever been ever放在be動詞之前，行為動詞之后。4 .答案：spend 度假“用 spend a vacation。5答案：exchange燹換學(xué)生”為固定搭配，為 exchange student。再接再厲(課后鞏固類訓(xùn)練) Elementary exercises

44、(基礎(chǔ)題)I .Draw lines to match dialogue.(把下列對話用線連起來。)1. Has Mr. Li ever been to Hong Kong?2. Have you ever traveled by ship?3. Have they ever been to the moon?4. Has Gina ever been to the USA?5. Have you ever gone surfing?plane.參考答案：1.D 2.E 3.A 4.C 5.BA. No, but they d like to go one day.B. No, I haven

45、 t.C. Of course! She comes from America.D. Yes, he has been there several times.E. No, Ive only traveled by train andn . Fill in the blank with the right verb form.(用所給動詞的正確形式填空。)A: I m not feeling well. I (get) a cold.B: you(be) to the hospital yet?A: Yes, I(go) to see doctor Li this morning and he

46、(give) me somemedicine.C: you (take) the medicine?A: Yes, I(take) it just a moment ago.B: Mr. Li is a good doctor. I think you(be) all right soon.A: I hope so. By the way, where s our teacher? I have to ask sick leave.B: She (go) to the post office.參考答案：have got; Have, been; went, gave; Did, take; t

47、ook; will be; has gone to Integrated exercises (綜合題)in .Multiple choice (單項選擇)1. I haven t seen Mr.Hu for days. Can you tell me ?A. where does he goB. where he has beenC. where he goesD. where he go答案： B 填空處為賓語從句。要用陳述句語序。2. Excuse me, may Iyour telephone? I have something to tell my mother.A. borrow

48、B. callC. useD. lend答案： C 從后句可知前句應(yīng)為用一下電話。3. Do you often your penfriend?- Not very often.A. hear fromB. hear about C. hear ofD. hear答案：A hear from意為收到某人的來信”。4. If he, he will go to fly a kite next Sunday.A. will freeB. will be free C. is going to be freeD. is free答案：D 條件句中主句為一般將來時，從句為一般現(xiàn)在時。5. 一Where

49、's Li Lei? He his sports shoes in the room. He football with his friends.A. is putting on; is playingB. puts on; will playC. is putting on; will playD. put on; played答案：C 前一個穿衣的動作正在進行，后一個沒有發(fā)生，用一般將來時。 Link to test （模擬鏈接）IV .閱讀理解（2010成都模擬，八，B）"Cool " is a word with many meanings. It can be used to express feelings of interest in almost everything. Wh en we see a famous car in the street, maybe we will say,"It ' s