打嗝不是病,但…課件

1、 Trauma 外傷Infection 感染Vascular 血管疾病Tumors(Brain stem) 腦瘤(腦幹)Multiple sclerosis 外發(fā)性硬化癥Irritation of phrenic / Vagus nerves 刺激腦神經(jīng)/迷走神經(jīng)V-P shunts 腦室-腹腔引流Foreign body 異物Goiter 甲狀腺結(jié)腫Aneurysm 動(dòng)脈瘤Pharyngitis/laryngitis 喉炎/咽炎Tumor/cysts 腫瘤/囊腫 Membrane stimulation Trauma 外傷Pneumonia 肺炎Pleuritis 肋膜炎Pericardit

2、is 心包膜炎Aneurysm 動(dòng)脈瘤Esophagitis 食道炎Achalasia 食道閉鎖不全Esophageal stricture/injury 食道狹窄/損傷Esophageal obstruction 食道阻塞Hiatal hernia 橫膈膜疝氣Diaphragmatic eventration 橫膈膜皺折Tumor 腫瘤Lymphadenopathy 淋巴結(jié)病變 Ulcers 潰瘍Abscess Gastritis 胃炎Gastric distention 胃脹Cholecystitis 膽囊炎Pancreatitis 胰臟炎GERD 胃食道逆流Neoplasm 腫瘤Bowe

3、l obstruction 腸阻塞Hypokalemia 低血鉀Uremia 尿毒癥Hypocalcaemia 低血鈣Influenza 感冒Herpes zoster 帶狀皰疹Malaria 瘧疾Tuberculosis 肺結(jié)核Alcohol 酗酒Diabetes mellitus 糖尿病Hypocarbia(hyperventilation) 二氧化碳過低(過度通氣)IV Methylprednisolone DexamethasoneBarbituratesChlodiazepoxideMethyldopa Stress/excitement 壓力/緊張Conversion/grief

4、reaction 轉(zhuǎn)移/悲傷Anorexia nervosa 厭食癥Schizophrenia 精神分裂癥Malingering 詐病Anesthesia 麻醉Gastric distention 胃脹Neck extension 頸部過度伸展 胃脹 溫度猝變 酗酒吸煙過量心理因素 飲食過量，過快飲用過多的碳酸 飲料 吞入過多的空氣 胃鏡檢查時(shí)，打氣過多 食用過熱或過於冰冷的食物或飲料 冷水淋浴 進(jìn)入或離開溫差大的空間 驚嚇、情緒緊張、興奮過度 Central nervous system 中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng) diaphragmatic,or vagus nerve 橫隔膜/迷走神經(jīng) Toxic,m

5、etabolic 中毒/代謝性 Structural lesions 結(jié)構(gòu)性病灶Trauma 外傷Inflammation 炎癥Vascular iesions 血管性病灶I(lǐng)nfection 感染Uremia 尿毒癥Diabetes mellitus 糖尿病Alcohol 酗酒Gout 痛風(fēng)Fever 發(fā)燒Hypokalemia 低血鉀Hypocalcemia低血鈣Hyponatremia低血鈉Hypocarbia(hyperventilation) 二氧化碳過低(過度通氣)Insulin shock therapy 胰島素低血糖休克治療 General anesthesia 全身麻醉導(dǎo)致 O

6、perative 手術(shù)導(dǎo)致 Drug-induced 藥物導(dǎo)致 Inadequate ventilation 通氣不足Intubation(stimulation of glottis) 氣管插管(舌咽骨刺激)Suppression of normal inhibitory influences 壓抑正常呼吸抑制機(jī)制Recovery period 恢復(fù)期Traction on viscera 臟器牽扯Hyperextension of the neck (stretching of phrenic nerve roots)頸部過度伸展(拉扯膈神經(jīng)根)Gastric distention or

7、ileus 胃脹或脹氣Manipulation of diaphragm of adjacent organs 觸及橫隔膜或其週遭器官Prostatic and urinary tract surgery 前列腺及泌尿道手術(shù) Laparotomy (cholecystectomy,gastrectomy,colectomy,sympathectomy)剖腹手術(shù) (膽囊切除術(shù)，胃切除術(shù)，結(jié)腸切除術(shù)，交感神經(jīng)切除術(shù) )Thoracotomy 胸腔手術(shù)Craniotomy(various operations) 各類腦部手術(shù)Analeptic agenta SulfonamidesDexametha

8、soneChlordiazepoxideMethyldopaDiazepamShort-acting barbiturates 全全部部 男 性 女女性性 調(diào)查期間調(diào)查期間CisplatinCarboplatinEtoposideVindesineIrinotecanDocetaxelPaclitaxelGemcitabineVinorelbineTotal(%)百分比百分比36/83675/59576/448919/31549/1651823/29977/10427/46410/1066162/41215(0.39%) 34/4649 5/2875 6/2973 19/233 49/9313

9、 21/1386 6/148 7/296 10/630 157/22503 (0.7%) 2/3718 0/3082 0/1516 0/82 0/7205 2/1611 1/894 0/168 0/436 5/18712 (0.03%) 1979-1989 1986-1994 1982-1993 1995-2001 1986-2000 1992-2001 1991-2000 1989-2001 1988-2001 1979-2001王玉祥王玉祥 王全正王全正 王宏銘王宏銘 王正旭王正旭 邱昌芳邱昌芳 巫宏博巫宏博林炯森林炯森 林哲斌林哲斌 林勝豐林勝豐 吳銘芳吳銘芳 高瑞和高瑞和 張正雄張正雄 張明志張明志 張義芳張義芳 郭集慶郭集慶 陳仁熙