中考英語復習專題1名詞

1、 中考四輪復習第一輪 專題一：名詞一、名詞1可數名詞和不可數名詞的用法；2名詞所有格的構成及用法； 3近義名詞的辨析。【考點講解】一、名詞的數1單數和復數 可數名詞有單數和復數兩種形式。復數形式通常是在單數形式后加詞尾“-s”構成，其主要變法如下：（1）一般情況在詞尾加-s，例如：bookbooks，girlgirls，boyboys， penpens,doctordoctors。以s，x，ch，sh，結尾的詞加-es，例如：busbuses，classclasses， boxboxes， watchwatches，brushbrushes。（3）以ce, se, ze,（d）ge結

2、尾的名詞加s，例如：orangeoranges。（4）以輔音母加y結尾的詞變“y”為“i”再加-es,例如：citycities, factoryfactories, countrycountries, familyfamilies。但要注意的是以元 音字母加y結尾的名詞的復數形式只加s，如：boyboys, daydays。（5）以o結尾的詞多數都加-es。例如:heroheroes，potatopotatoes， tomatotomatoes,但詞末為兩個元音字母的詞只加-s。例如：zoozoos， radioradios，還有某些詞也只加-s，例如：photophotos，pianopi

3、anos。（6）以f或fe結尾的詞，多數變f為v再加-es，例如：knifeknives，leafleaves, halfhalves。（7）少數名詞有不規(guī)則的復數形式，例如：manmen，womanwomen， toothteeth，footfeet，childchildren，mousemice。【注意】與man和woman構成的合成詞，其復數形式也是-men和-women。例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成詞，故復數形式為 Germans；man, woman等作定語時，它的單復數以其所修飾的名詞的單復數而定，如：menworkers，

4、 women teachers。有個別名詞單復數一樣，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但當fish表示不同種類的魚時，可以加復數詞尾。（8）單數形式但其意為復數的名詞有：people, police等。（9）數詞+名詞作定語時，這個名詞一般保留單數形式，中間加連字符。例如： ten-minutes walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。（10）還有些名詞僅有復數形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses， goods，ashes，scissors。（11）只用作單數的復

5、數形式的名詞有：科學名詞：physics, mathematics/maths 專有名詞：the United States, Niagara Falls其他名詞：news, falls2不可數名詞“量”的表示方法在英語中，不可數名詞如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下兩種方法：（1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如： The rich man has a lot of money There is some milk in the bottle Is there any water in the glass？ I don&

6、#39;t like winter because there's too much snow and ice（2）用a piece of 這類定語，例如： a piece of paper, a piece of wood, a piece of bread a bottle of orange, a glass of water（milk）, a cup of tea a cup of tea, a bag of rice, three bags of rice 如果要表示“兩杯茶”、“四張紙”這類概念時，在容器后加復數，例如： two cups of tea, four piec

7、es of paper, three glasses of water 可數名詞也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等來修飾。二、名詞的所有格1. 名詞所有格，用來表示人或物的所有，以及領屬關系。表示有生命的名詞的所有格其單數形式是加 's,其復數形式是s'，例如：a student's room, students' rooms, father's shoes。2. 如其結尾不是s的復數形式仍加 's，如：Children's Day。3. 在表示時間、距離、長度、重量、價格、世界、國家等名詞的所有

8、格要用 's，例如：a twenty minutes' walk，ten miles' journey，a boat's length，two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth。4. 無生命名詞的所有格則必須用of結構，例如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。5. 雙重所有格，例如：a friend of my father's?！咀⒁狻?如果兩個名詞并列，并且

9、分別有 's，則表示“分別有”，例如：John's and Mary's rooms（約翰和瑪麗各有一間，共兩間）；Tom's and Mary's bikes（兩人各自的自行車）。 兩個名詞并列，只有一個's，則表示“共有”，例如：John and Mary's room（約翰和瑪麗共有一間）；Tom and Mary's mother（即Tom與Mary是兄妹）。【實例解析】1.（2004年上海徐匯區(qū)中考試題）These _ have saved many childrens lives.A. woman doctors

10、60;               B. women doctorC. women doctors                D. woman doctor2. (2004年河北省中考試題)This is _ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.A. A

11、nne and Jane              B. Annes and Janes C. Annes and Jane             D. Anne and Janes3. (2004年吉林省中考試題)-Are there any _ on the farm? -Yes, there are some.A. horse 

12、B. duck  C. chicken  D. sheep4. (2004年佛山市中考試題) -What would you like to drink, _ or orange? -Orange, please. A. hamburger      B. chip       C. tea 【中考演練1】一. 單項填空1.We went to Dr. Browns yesterday. He gave us _.A. some advice B

13、. advices C. an advice D. some advices2. What _ theyve got! No wonder they are very happy.A. a good news B. quite a good news C. good news D. little news3. Much _ to fight against pollution.A. have been done B. has been done C. had been done D. has done4. What _ ! Lets go swimming.A. a fine weather

14、B. fine day C. a fine day D. bad weather5. You have made _. You should be more careful. A. a lot of mistake B. a great deal of mistakes C. a large number of mistakes D. few mistakes6. Before we moved into the new house, we bought many_. A. furnitures B. future C. pieces of future D. pieces of furnit

15、ures7. The bookshelf over there is _. A. Marys and Janes B. Marys and Jane C. Mary and Janes D. Mary s furnitures8.We saw the guest off at _ yesterday. A. the Shanghais Railway Station B. the Shanghai Railway StationC. Shanghai Railway Station D. The railway Station of Shanghai9. They had a good tim

16、e at the _ Palace. A. children B. Childrens C. Children D. Childrens 10. Xiao Li was _ in my boyhood. A. my close friend B. mine a close friend C. a close friend of mine D. a close friend of me11. These are _ famous other presses They are having a meeting in one of the _office. A. editor-in-chiefs;

17、editors- in chief B. editors-in-chief; editors- in-chiefs C. editor-in-chiefs; editors-in-chief D. editor-in-chiefs; editors-in-chiefs12. There are five _ in our class. A. Zhangs B. Zhangs C. Zhangs D. The Zhangs13. How far is your school? A. Twenty-five minutes walk. B. The walk of twenty-five minu

18、tesC. Twenty-five minutes walks D. Twenty-five minutes walk.14.Which do you like better, _ or _? A. sheep; cows B. sheep; cow C. sheeps; cow D. sheeps; cows15. Were going to have a _ next month.A. two day holiday B. two day holiday C. two days holiday D. two days holiday16. Whos a cousin? A. Uncle o

19、r aunts son. B. Uncle or aunts daughterC. Uncles or aunts child. D. Uncle or aunts brother or sister.17. She always wears beautiful _.A. clothes B. cloth C. dress D. clothings18. Will you have a little _? A. more fishes B. more fish C. much fishes D. fishes19. There _ in my class. Which of them do y

20、ou want to see?A. is John B. are three Johns C. are the Johns D. is the John20. Twenty dollars _ what he needs.A. was B. were C. is D. has been21. The United Nations _ a resolution.A. has past B. has passed C. have passed D. has through22. The Arabian Nights _ a very interesting storybook.A. is B. a

21、re C. has been D. had been23. The New York Times _ a wide circulation(發(fā)行額).A. is B. has C. are D. have24. Mathematics(數學) _ a very important subject.A. are B. is C. were D. was25. His physics _ weak. A. is B. seem C. was D. are26. An iron works _ now.A. is being built B. are being built C. has built

22、 D. has been built27. Every means _ tried to improve teaching and learning.A. has B. has been C. have D. were28. The police _ searching for a tall dark man with long hair.A. is B. has been C. are D. had been29. I was very excited when I saw so many _ on the farm.(2006長沙中考題)A. chicken B. sheep C. duc

23、k 30. - I want to go to different places, but I dont know the _.- A map is helpful, I think.(2006江西中考題)A. price B. way C. time D. ticket31. Can I help you?- Id like _ for my twin daughters.(2005黃岡市中考題)A. two pair of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pairs of shoe D. two pairs of shoes32. Ive read _ s

24、ports news about the F1 race today.A. two B. pieces C. two pieces D. two pieces of 二. 根據下列句子的情景及所給漢語注釋，寫出所缺單詞。1. Weve got a lot of new _(雜志) in our school library.2. Please turn to another _（頻道）, I dont like this show.3. Yesterday the _(航班) to London was put off because of the bad weather.4. Autumn

25、is my favourite _ (季節(jié)).        5. -How many _(小刀) do you have? -Three.6. _ are widely used in the modern world.(計算機)7. June 1st is _(兒童) Day.8. Mary, would you please tell me your new _(地址) so that I can write to you.9. -Does this piece of _(音樂) sound nic

26、e?-Yes. Its wonderful!10. May 12th is the International _(護士) Day. Lets say “ Thanks” to them for their work.三. 根據句意和所給首字母寫出所缺的單詞。1. “Whats your n_?”  “Li Lei.”2. How many d_ does your uncle have?3. Please close the w_. Its cold outside.4. If you want to study English well, you must pay attenti

27、on to your p_.5. A computer is one of the greatest i_ in the world.6. Zhang Hui is very excited. He will go to Japan with his p_ during the Spring Festival.  7. At the a_ of seven, the lonely girl had to work to make living.8. Its only about an h_ flight from Qingdao to Beijing by air.9. H

28、ealth is more important to me than m_.10. Be careful! Its d_ to run across the street now【中考演練2】1. Sandy didnt tell her parents that she was going home because she wanted to give them a _. A. gift B. call C. surprise D. note2.Whats your job, Henry? -Im a _. I work late. Im very busy when people go o

29、ut to dinners.A. waiter B. reporter C. teacher D. nurse3. -Forests are very important to us, arent they? -Yes, if we have more forests, they will help to keep _ from running away.A. trees B. leaves C. water D. grass4. -Michael likes flying around the world.-I think being a _is just right for him. A.

30、 pilot B. policeman C. cook D. doctor5. It was very hard for me to make a _, but I decided to leave my job.A. suggestion B. decision C. plan D. speech6. Something is wrong with my _. I cant see anything around me.A. nose B. ears C. eyes D. mouth7. -Why do you get up so early in the morning, Tarcy? -

31、I generally make it a _ to be up by 7 to read English. A. plan B. wish C. secret D. rule8. _ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are _teachers. A.A number of ; women B. A number of ;woman C. A number of ; women D. The number of ;women9. A school in Anshun held an activit

32、y called”Recommend(推薦) Books to Your Teachers”. The students made a _ of 1,000 books!A. note B. line C. menu D. list10. -I want to buy the book “Cold Moutain”. Do you know its _?-Not really. Maybe three dollars. A. cover B. size C. color D. price11- Where have you been, Tim? - Ive been to _.A. the H

33、enry house      B. the Henry familyC. The Henrys home    D. Henrys12In England, if _ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.A. food   B. lunch   C. breakfast   D. dinner13You looked for it twice, but you ha

34、vent found it. Why not try _ .A. three times   B. a third time   C. the third time   D. once14- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ? - Certainly.A. some bottles of waters   B. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of water     D. s

35、ome bottle of waters15Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday.A. tooth   B. feet   C. hand   D. ear16There is some _ on the plate.A. cakes   B. meat   C. potato   D. pears17In England, the last name is the  _ .A. family name&#

36、160;  B. middle   C. given name   D. full name18The _ are going to fly to Beijing.A. Germen   B. Germany   C. Germanys   D. Germans19The_ has two _ .A. boys; watches   B. boy; watch   C. boy; watches   D. boys; watc

37、h20The little baby has two _ already.A. tooth   B. tooths   C. teeth   D. teeths21Whats your _ for being late again?A. idea   B. key   C. excuse   D. news22- Its dangerous here. Wed better go out quickly.- But I think we should let _ go out

38、 first.A. woman and children   B. women and childC. woman and child    D. women and children23- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_ ”on the door of his shop.- Thanks.A.ENTRANCE       B.BUSINESS HOURSC.THIS SIDE UP   D.NO S

39、MOKING24Are they going to have a picnic on _ ?A. Childrens Day    B. Childrenss DayC. Childrens Day      D. Children Day25Where are the students? Are they in _ ?A. the Room 406   B. Room 406   C. the 406 Room   D. 406 Room（2011西城二

40、模）完形填空（共12分，每小題1分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選擇最佳選項。Six months ago my father lost his job. My parents discussed what would be best for my family and agreed that he would be more likely to find work in his field in another city.I was very 36 that they hadnt asked my opinion. “What about my

41、friends?” I shouted. “And baseball? Im 37 playing center field. I dont want to move.”“Jesse!” my mother cried out.But Dad seemed to 38 . “Its all right,” he told my mother. “His whole life is about to change. Were all upset (難受) by this 39 .”“I know you dont believe me now,” my father said quietly,

42、“but something good will come out of all this. I dont know 40 . Just keep an open mind.”The next few weeks were a blur (模糊的記憶). Dad was in a city 300 miles away, looking for work. Mom and I stayed in our house, knowing that our days there were 41 . When my father called with the news that he had a job, I felt numb（麻木）. As we 42 away from the house, my mother must have seen the sadness on my face. “Jesse, life goes on,” she said. “A wonderful new life