賓語從句語法講解及專題訓(xùn)

1、第二部分語法知識第仃講賓語從句高職考綱中賓語從句測試的重點(diǎn)是：掌握賓語從句的基本用法1.掌握賓語從句的各不同引導(dǎo)詞的用法。2.掌握賓語從句的語序。3.掌握賓語從句中，主句與從句在時(shí)態(tài)上的相互呼應(yīng)。4.掌握由 it 作形式賓語的賓語從句。一.賓語從句的定義賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作賓語，從句放在主句謂語動詞（及物動詞），介詞或某些形容詞之后，前后不用逗號分開。如I don tknow if/whether he will come tomorrowShewas interested in what I said .二、 賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞1、 由連詞 that 引導(dǎo)的述句性的賓語從句， 在很多動詞如 s

2、ay, think, hope, see, believe, expect,hear 等動詞后。連詞 that 只起連接作用，在從句中不做句子的成分，也無詞匯意義，在口語中常被省略。He says （that） his father is a boss.注意事項(xiàng)：許多帶復(fù)合賓語的句子，that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子后部，而用it 作形式賓語。如：I find it necessary that we should learn English well.2、 由連詞 if、whether 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句表示是否.”。Whether,if 在從句中不做句子的成分，一般情況下，whether

3、和 if 可以替換，但在特殊情況下if 與 whether 是不能互換的。I wonder whether （if） they will come to our party.當(dāng) whether 與 or not 連用時(shí) whether 不可換用 if。 在介詞后面只能用 whether，不能用 if。在動詞不定式之前，只能用whether，不能用 if。He does nt know whether to stay or not.3、 由 wh-引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。連接代詞 who,whom,whose, what, which,和連接副詞 when, where, why,how 等連接的賓語從

4、句，它們在句中既有連接從句的作用，又在句中充當(dāng)句子的成分。Do you know which film they are talking about? （which在從句中做定語 ）I don know where he lives. （where 在從句中 做地點(diǎn)狀語）三、 賓語從句的語序賓語從句屬于名詞性從句，它的語序必須是述語序，即連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分如: I believe that they will come soon.He asked me whether I was a teacher.They wan ted to know what they can do for

5、us.四、賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)。賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)受主句的限制，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。主句是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句用相應(yīng)的過去的時(shí)態(tài)。如果從句的動作發(fā)生在主句之前，則從句要用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。女口： She says that she is a student.She said that she was a student.She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.She says that she has finished her homework already.S

6、he said that she had finished her homework already.注意事項(xiàng)：如果賓語從句說的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或事實(shí)時(shí)，這時(shí)賓語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在 時(shí)態(tài)。女口： The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.He told me that Japa n is an isla nd coun try.Could you tell me是用來征詢對方的意見，語氣委婉，并不表示過去。如: Could you tell me when we will visit the farm?五其他常見用法否定轉(zhuǎn)移問題在

7、think , believe , suppose , consider 等動詞所跟的賓語從句中，如果從句表 示的是否定意義，一般要將否定詞移至主句的謂語上，而將從句變?yōu)榭隙ㄐ问?。如：Im sorry , but I don th ink I know you. 很抱歉，我想我并不認(rèn)識你。I don believe that the man is killed by Jim.我認(rèn)為那個人不是吉姆所殺的。例 1 （2008 年，）He asked me_ we could go to Beiji ng to watch the game by pla ne.A. thatB. ifC. howD

8、. what解析考查賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞。根據(jù)主句可以推出賓語從句表達(dá)的是不確定的語氣，所以排除 選項(xiàng) A ;賓語從句中沒有缺少與 how 和 what 相對應(yīng)的句子成分，故本題應(yīng)選 B。例 2 （2008 年，）Do you know_?Sorry, I dont know.A. where does Jimmy workB. where Jimmy worksC. how does Jimmy go to workD. what does Jimmy do解析考查述句語序。A、C、D 用的是疑問句語序，所以該題的正確答案應(yīng)為B。例 3 （2008 年，）Do you know_for Shan

9、ghai last ni ght?At 9:00.A. what time he leaves B. what time does he leaveC. what time he leftD. what time did he leave解析考查述句語序和時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語序，可以排除選項(xiàng) B 和 D,從時(shí)間狀語 last night 可以 推斷賓語從句應(yīng)該使用一般過去時(shí)，故本題的正確答案是Co例 4 （2009 年，平湖I think_best that you should stay here.A. thisB. that C. it D. what解析考查 it 引導(dǎo)的形式賓語。that 后面

10、引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，it 起形式賓語的作用，this, that, what都不能作形式賓語，故本題的正確答案是Co例 5 （2010 年，）Linda said the moon_round the earth.A. travelled B. has travelledC. had travelled D. travells解析考查時(shí)態(tài)。賓語從句表達(dá)的是事實(shí)真理時(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故本題的正確答案是D。例 6 （2009 年,）In some western countries， when you hear something like an invitation, listen careful

11、ly tomake sure_ it is a real in vitati on or not.A. ifB.whetherC. weatherD. that解析考查賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞。句意“在一些西方國家，當(dāng)你聽到像邀請之類的東西，你要仔細(xì)聽來確定是否是一個真正的邀請?！辟e語從句表達(dá)的是一個不確實(shí)的事，且后面有or not，故本題的正確答案是 B。例 7 （2010 年,）We don believe （that） they will come tomorrow,_ ?A. do weB.don weC. will they D.won they解析考查賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移。真正的否定意義在從句

12、，這種否定前移的賓語從句，在 變成反意疑問句時(shí)，反意疑問句的主謂語要與從句一致。本題的正確答案是C。A. it, thatB. that, thatC. it, what D. that, what2004年高職考試題解析考查 it 作形式賓語。真正的賓語從句不缺what 對應(yīng)的成分，故本題正確答案為A。2._No one can be surein a million years.A. man will look like whatB. what will man look likeC. what man will look likeD. what look will man like200

13、4年高職考試題3. Please tell us_to the Scienee Museum.A. how can we reachB. how we can reachC. how can we getD. how we can get20005年高職考試題解析第 2.3 兩題考查賓語從句的語序與get to 短語。2 題正確答案為 C, 3 題正確答案為D。4. Mike wants to know if _ a picnic tomorrow.Yes, But if it_, we visit the famous compa ny in stead.A. you will have,

14、rainsB. you will have, will rainC. you have, will rainD. will you have, rains20005年高職考試題解析本題考查在賓語從句和條件狀語中的不同用法。第一個if 位于及物動詞后面，所以引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，時(shí)間是 tomorrow，用將來時(shí)態(tài)；第二個 if 引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句，用 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)，故本題的正確答案是A。4.Do you know whe n_ ?2009年高職考試題解析考查賓語從句的語序與主謂一致。 the World AIDS Day 作主語，是單數(shù)概念，一個日子，正確答案為 Co5._Emily c

15、ouldn tfind her key .Shedidn remember_.A. what it wasB. where was itC. what was itD. where it was2010年高職考試題解析考查賓語從句的語序和引導(dǎo)詞。從句中缺少表示地點(diǎn)的表語，正確答案為Do1.He says_ he will go skat ing tomorrow.A. whatB. that C. if D.how2.一 Could you please tell me_ ?一 I live in Hangzhou, ZhejiangA . where do you liveB. if you

16、 live in GuilinC. where you liveD. where you were born3. No one tells us_ , so we n eed your help.A. how should we doB. what we should doC. how we should doD. what should we do4. My physics teacher said that light_ faster tha n sound.A. travels B. travel C. travelled D. travelling5. They said that t

17、hey_ in a week.A. will come back B. would come back C. come back D. Came back6. Could you tell me_ we are going mou ntain hiki ng tomorrow or n ot?A. whether B. if C. whe nD. where7. I dont know_.A.which room I can liveB.which room can I liveC.which room I can live inD.which room can I live in8. I d

18、on tknow if it_ tomorrow, If it_ not go fishing.A.rai ns;rai nsB. Rain s;will rain C. will rain; rai nsD. will rain; will rain9. Do you remember_you said at the meeti ng?Oh ,it on December 1 st.A.the World AIDS day are .C.the World AIDS Day isB,are the World AIDSDay .D.is the world AIDS Day .一、單項(xiàng)填空A

19、.whe nB. where C.that D. what10. Lucy said she_ such a beautiful piece of music before.A. has n heardB. had n heard C. does n hearD. did n hear二、用合適的連接詞填空。1. Jim told me_ he did nt go fish ing yesterday after noon.(whe n, why )2. Do you know_else is going to be on duty today ? ( who, whom )3. She sa

20、id_ it would nt matter much. (that, what )4. He always thinks_ he can do better. (how, who )5. I really dont know_the bridge will be fini shed.(how long, how soon )6. They dont know_to go or wait. (if, whether)7. They dont know_their pare nts are. (where,whe n)8. I was really surprised at_ I saw. (t

21、hat, what)9. I dont know_ way I should take. (which, where)10. Do you know_you are study ing for? (why, what)三、用所給動詞的正確形式填空。1. We are sure that he_ (go) to school tomorrow.2. Do you know who_ (be) the first man to walk on the moon?3. Could you tell me where the post office_ (is)?4. Our father said t

22、hat he_ (will) buy a new computer.5. I hear that he_(swim) in the sea yesterday.6. The little boy tells us where his father_(work).7. He said that he_(fini sh) his work already.8. They thought they could_(hike) to the top of the mountain.9. He was glad that so many people_(help) him whe n he was in

23、trouble.10. She doesn tknow whether_ (go) or wait.一. 填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~完成句子。1. Does Mr . Brown enjoy living in China ? Could you tell us ?Could you tell us_ Mr. Brown_ living in China ?2. When does the train leave ? I want to know .I want to know_the train_ .3. Did Peter come here yesterday ? Li Lei wants to k

24、now .Li Lei wan ts to know_Peter_here yesterday.4. I th ink this is a good idea.(改為否定句)I_ this_ a good idea.5. He has bee n to Beiji ng before.He said_he_bee n to Beiji ng before.二. 把下列句子改寫成賓語從句1. You were ill yesterday. (I hear )2. How old is he? (He does nt know )3. Have they finished the experiment?(I want to know )4. Does your unc