4 Unit 3 Grammar 動名詞作表語定語賓語補(bǔ)足語

1、Book-4-Unit-3-Grammar-動名詞作表語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語Book 4 Unit 3 Grammar動詞-ing作表語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語一、動詞-ing作表語動詞-ing作表語，一般表示比較抽象的、習(xí)慣性的、經(jīng)常性的動作，或表示 主語的性質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài)。Her hobby is pai nting.她的業(yè)余愛好是畫畫。My job is looki ng after the childre n.我的工作就是照顧這些孩子。The film is quite movi ng. 這電影很感人。常用來作表語的動詞-ing 有：astonishing, amusing, confusin

2、g, disappointing, bori ng, en couragi ng, inspiring, moving, tiri ng, in teresti ng, surprising 等。二、動詞-ing作定語1. 單個動詞的-ing形式作定語位于被修飾名詞的前面，既可以表示被修飾者的 作用或功能，也可以表示被修飾者的動作或狀態(tài)。如：drinking water 飲用水 a walking stick 手杖 a reading room 閱覽室 writing desk 寫字臺2. -ing形式短語作定語時，放在所修飾的名詞之后，并且在意思上相當(dāng)于一個定 語從句。如：They live

3、d in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street.他們住在一間面朝街的房子。's fatf=eThe man who is standing t here is，The man sta nding there is P eterPeter ' s father.站在那兒的那個人是彼得的父親。3. -ing形式短語也可以用作非限制定語，相當(dāng)于一個非限制性定語從句，這時， 它與句子其他部分用逗號分開。如：His brother, worki ng as a teacher, liv

4、es in Beiji ng.=His brother, who is worki ng as a teacher, lives in Beiji ng.他那個當(dāng)教師的哥哥住在北京。The apple tree, sway ing gen tly in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit.=The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop o" fruit.那棵蘋果樹碩果累累，在微風(fēng)中輕輕搖曳。三、動詞-ing作賓語補(bǔ)足語1. 動詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足

5、語常放在賓語后面，表示一個正在進(jìn)行的主動性的 動作，強(qiáng)調(diào)一個過程或一種狀態(tài)。如：Whe n we retu rned to the school, we found a stra nger sta nding at the entran ce. 當(dāng)我們回到學(xué)校時，發(fā)現(xiàn)一個陌生人站在大門口。We fou nd the sn ake eati ng the eggs.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)蛇正在吃雞蛋。I found a bag lying on the ground.我發(fā)現(xiàn)地板上放著一個包。The boss kept the workers work ing the whole ni ght.那老板讓工人整夜

6、地工作。2. 當(dāng)主動句轉(zhuǎn)換為被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，原來作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞-ing形式便轉(zhuǎn)換為主 語補(bǔ)足語。The result is found very satisfy ing.They found the result very satisfy ing.這個結(jié)果很令人滿意。He was heard singing in the nextThey heard him singing in the n ext room.room.有人聽到他在隔壁房間唱歌。We mustn' t keep them waiting. = They mustn ' t be fept waiting.千萬不

7、能讓他們等。3. 能用-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的幾類動詞：1）表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞，常見的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, noticeobserve, look at, listen to 等。如：We saw a light burning in the wi ndow.I felt somebody p att ing me on the shoulder.Can you smell anything burning?As he sp oke, he observed everybody look ing at him curiously.Liste n

8、to the birds singing.I didn ' t notice him waiting.2）表示指使意義的動詞，常見的有have, set, kee p, get, catch, leave等。如：I won ' t have you doing that.This set me thinking.I ' m sorry to have kept you wOting.I can ' t get the clock going again.You won' t catch me doing that again.4. see, hear,

9、feel, watch等動詞之后用-ing形式和動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū) 別：1） 前者表示動作正在進(jìn)行，后者表示動作從開始到結(jié)束的全過程。如：We P assed by the classmates and saw the teacher making the exp erime nt.我們走過教室，看見老師正在做實驗。（只在走過教室的剎那間，看見老師正在 做實驗）We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the exp erime nt.我們坐了一個小時，看老師做實驗。（一個小時之內(nèi)一直在看老師作實驗）2） 如果賓語補(bǔ)足語是短暫性動詞，動詞不

10、定式短語表示一次動作，而-ing形式 則表示反復(fù)動作。如：We heard the door slamming.（ 反復(fù)_ while you brush your teeth.C. being runD. to runs some onefor her at the door.C. waits D. to wait“You are welcome. ” D. to smileWe heard the door slam.（ 一次動作） 動作）1. Don ' t leave theaterA. runB. running2. Tell Mary that thereA. wait i

11、ng B. waited3. Thewaiter came up to us and said,A. smili ng B. smiledC. smile4. A phone call sent himto the hos pital.D. hurriedA. hurryB. hurry ingC. to hurry5. Do you know the boy un der the big tree?A. lay. lai nC. layi ngD. lyi ng6. There are lots of p laces of in terestin our city.A. n eeds rep

12、 airi ng B. n eedi ng rep airedC. n eeded rep airi ngD. n eed ing9to be rep aired7. The drunken husba nd kno cked aga inst the table and sent the bowlsall direct ions before he was sentby his wife.A. flying; to slee p B. flying; slee pingC. to fly; to slee pingslee p8. When we got back from the ci n

13、ema, we found the lampD. to fly;but the doorintoA. being on; shut on; shutt ing9. As is known to us all, traveli ng is back from travels.B. burning; shutt ingC. burning; shut,but we ofte n feelwhe n we areA. in teresti ng; tiredB. in terested; tiri ngC. in teresti ng;tiri ngin terested; tired10. The

14、 woma n found it no goodher daughter too much mon ey.A. givingB. being give nC. give nD. gave11. As the stone was too heavy to move, I left iton the ground.A. layi ngB. layC. lyi ngD. la in12. John ' s bad habit iswithout thorough understanding.A. readB. being readC. to be readD. readi ng13. The

15、 wild flowers looked like a soft orange bla nketthe desert.A. coveri ngB. coveredC. coverD. to cover14. Don' trespond to any emails personal information, no matter howofficial they look.A. searchi ngB. ask ingC. request ingD. questi oning15. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden one

16、s at the entrance, in the n atural light duri ng the day.A. to letB. lett ingC. letD. havi ng let16. I smell somethi ngin the kitche n. Can I call you back in a minu te?A. burningB. burntC. being burntD. to be burnt17. Though I have ofte n heard this song, I have n ever heard youit.A. being sung; sa

17、ng B. sang; singing C. sung; sing sing18. It was so cold that they kept the fireA. to burnB. burn19. He looked around and caughtp asse nger.A. putB. to be pu tt ing20. Did you meet anyoneall ni ght.C. burninga manhis handC. to putat the p arty?D. to be sung; toD. burned into the pocket of aD. pu tti

18、 ngNo, in fact, I found the party rather.A. i nteresti ng; bori ngB. i nterested; bori ngC. in teresti ng; boredD. in terested; bored21. The salesma n scolded the girl caughtand let her off.A. to have stole n B. to be steali ng C. to steal D. steali ng22. Don 'A. run23. The _A. miss ing; p layi

19、ngplayC. to putD. pu tt ingit clear to us that he didn ' agree with us, left theday.10. The question (discuss) at present has something important todo with our daily life.1. Tell Mary that there ' s someone for her at the door.A. wait ingB. waited C. waits2. The A waiter came up to us and sa

20、i d,A. smili ngB. smiled C. smilet leave the waterwhile you brush your teeth.B. runningC. being runD. to runboy was last see nn ear the East Lake.B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to24. A cook will be immediately fired if he is foundin the kitche n.A. smoke B. smok ingC. to smokeD. smoke

21、d25. He looked around and caught a manhis hand into the po cket of ap asse nger.A. put B. to be pu tt ing26. The man ager,meeti ng room.A. who has made B. hav ing made C. made D. making27. Come on, pl ease give me some ideas about the p roject.Sorry. With so much workmy min d, I almost break dow n.A

22、. filledB. filli ngC. to fill D. bei ng filled28. P eter received a letter just nowhis gran dma would come to see himsoon. A. saidB. say C. say ingD. to say29. I smell somethi ngin the kitche n. Can I call you back in a minu te?A. burningB. burnt C. being burntD. to be burnt30. It is believed that i

23、f a book is, it will surelythe reader.A. in terested; in terestB. in teresti ng; be in terestedC. in terested; be in terest ingD. in teresti ng; in terest1. Not (know) his address, I couldn' t go to see him yester2. Look out for cars when (cross) the street.3. He dived into the water, (leave) on

24、ly his face exposed.4. (take) a deep breath, they dived into the water.5. (close) the windows and the door, the students left the room.6. Not (see) the film, I can' t tell you what I think of it.7. The man (work) for extra hours got an extra pay.8. (kno ck) at the door before en teri ng, pl ease

25、.(study)9. I was told that there were about 50 foreign studentsChin ese in the school, most of whom were from Germa ny.D. to wait“You are welcome. ”D. to smile3. On festivals, the traffic p olice worked hard to kee p the traffic B smoothly.A. runB. running C. to runD. being run4. Do you know the boy

26、 Dun der the big tree?A. layB. lainC. layi ngD. lyi ng5. I can hardly imagine Peter _C_ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A. sailB. to sailC. saili ngD. to have sailed6. There are lots of p laces of in terestD in our city.A. n eeds rep airi ngB. n eedi ng rep airedC. n eeded rep airi ng D. n ee

27、di ng tobe rep airedD near the window, so I couldn ' t fall asleep.C. shoutD. shout ingA_, but we ofte n feelwhe n we are7. There were some boysA. to shoutB. shouted8. As is known to us all, traveli ng is back from travels.A. in teresti ng; tired B. in terested; tiri ngC. in teresti ng; tiri ngD

28、.in terested; tired9. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _C muchA. sp eak B. sp eak ingC. sp okeD. to sp eak10. As the stone was too heavy to move, I left itC on the ground.A. layi ngB. layC. lyi ngD. la in11. John ' s bad habit is D without thorough understandin

29、g.A. readB. being read C. to be readD. read ing12. The n ext morni ng she found the man A in bed, dead.A. lyi ngB. lieC. layD. layi ng13. People D in the city do not know the pleasure of country life.A. liveB. to liveC. livedD. livi ngby an old woma n.C. being looked after D. be look ing14. When he awoke, he found himself CA. looked after B. be looked aft