高中英語語法篇――主謂一致

1、高中英語語法篇主謂一致歸類主謂一致的基本原則主謂一致有以下三條原則:1語法一致原則,即在語法形式上取得一致。例如,主語是單數(shù)形式,謂語動(dòng)詞也采取單數(shù)形式;主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語動(dòng)詞也采取復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:The students are very young.This picture looks beautiful.2意義一致原則,即從意義著眼處理一致關(guān)系。例如,主語形式雖是單數(shù)但意義是復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞也采取復(fù)數(shù)形式;而有些主語形式雖是復(fù)數(shù)但意義上看作單數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞也采取單數(shù)形式。1.The people in that country are fighting for independence.2

2、.The crowd deeply respect their leader.3.Three years in a strange land seems a long time.3就近原則,即謂語動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。例如:Neither he nor I am going to see thefilm tonight because we are busy.“主語+介詞短語”作主語時(shí)的主謂一致按英語習(xí)慣,介詞短語通常不用作主語,所以當(dāng)主語后跟有一個(gè)介詞短語時(shí),其后謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)只與介詞短語前面的主語保持一致,而與介詞短語無關(guān)。如:A woman with two child

3、ren has come.一位婦女帶著兩個(gè)孩子已經(jīng)來了。Everybody but you knows what was happening.除了你以外,人人都知道出了什么事。The teacher, together with some of his pupils, was cleaning the room.教師和他的一些學(xué)生一起在打掃教室。以下兩例中的as well as 也可視為介詞,其后謂語與as well as 前面的主語保持一致:The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.學(xué)生和他們的老師出席了會(huì)

4、議。I as well as they am ready to help you.不僅他們?cè)敢鈳椭?我也愿意幫助你。并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語的主謂一致1. 就近型:由or, eitheror, neitheror, not but, not onlybut also等連接的并列成分作主語時(shí),其謂語通常要與靠近的主語保持一致。如:Neither you nor he is tired.你和他都沒累。Not you but I am to blame.不是你的錯(cuò)而是我的錯(cuò)。Either my father or my brothers are coming.不是我父親就是我兄弟要來。2. 就遠(yuǎn)型:由as

5、well as, as much as, rather than, more than, no less than 等連接的并列成分作主語,其謂語通常與前面一個(gè)主語保持一致。如:The son, as well as his parents, wants to go there.不但兒子想去那兒,而且他的父母也想去。3. 復(fù)數(shù)型:由and和both.and連接的并列成分作主語,其謂語總是用復(fù)數(shù)。如:(Both New York and London have traffic problems.紐約和倫敦都存在交通問題。注:當(dāng)由and連接的兩個(gè)并列主語受each, every, no的修飾時(shí),其

6、謂語用單數(shù)。另外,當(dāng)and連接的兩個(gè)的詞語指同一個(gè)人或事物時(shí),其謂語也要用單數(shù)。如:Every man and woman wants to join it.每個(gè)男女都想加入它。A teacher and poet visited our school the other day.早幾天一位教師詩人參觀了我們學(xué)校。時(shí)間、距離、金額作主語時(shí)的主謂一致表示時(shí)間、距離、度量、重量、金額等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語,被看作整體時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);若強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體也可以復(fù)數(shù)。如:Twenty years is a long time. 二十年是很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。Two kilometers is a long way to g

7、o on foot. 步行兩千米是一段很長(zhǎng)的路程。Six months have passed, and we still have no news of them. 六個(gè)月過去了,我們依然沒有他們的消息。比較:Ten dollars is too much for this old coin. 這個(gè)古幣沒有10塊錢這么高的價(jià)格。Three dollars were paid for the old coin. 那個(gè)古錢花了3塊錢。Twenty years is a long time. 20年是一段很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。Twenty years have passed since they got m

8、arried. 他們結(jié)婚已有20年了。意義一致的三個(gè)典型用法1. 形式上雖為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù)名詞,如the police, people, cattle等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如:Cattle eat grass. 牛吃草。The police were called in. 警察被召來了。注:people 作“民族”解時(shí),其單數(shù)形式為people,復(fù)數(shù)形式為peoples,作主語時(shí),應(yīng)用語法一致原則。如:The Chinese people is a great people.中華民族是一個(gè)偉大的民族。56 peoples make up the big family of China

9、.56個(gè)民族構(gòu)成中國這個(gè)大家庭。2. 主語是指一類人的“the+形容詞(或過去分詞”時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù),這類詞有:the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the de af and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等。另外,像the C hinese, the British, the Irish等表示一個(gè)國家或民族的人的總稱,作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。如:The injure

10、d were taken to hospital. 受傷的人都送進(jìn)了醫(yī)院。The English do not drink much wine. 英國人不喝很多酒。3. 形式上為復(fù)數(shù),而意義上卻是單數(shù)的名詞,如news, mathematics, physics,politics, economics及以s結(jié)尾的書名、國名等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如:Mathematics is the language of science. 數(shù)學(xué)是科學(xué)語言。His “Selected Poems” was first published in 1965.他的詩歌選集最早是1965年出版的。主謂一致高考真

11、題1.The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _ saved for otherpurposes.A. isB. areC. wasD. were2.One third of the country _covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _black people.A. is; areB. is; isC. are; areD. are; is3.Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the on

12、ly one o f the women who _ evening dress.A.wearB.wearsC.has wornD.have worn4.Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A. isB. areC. hasD. have5.Such poets as Shakespeare widely read, of whose works, however,some difficult to understand.A. are;areB. is;isC. are;i

13、sD. is:are6.The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadilysince1990.A. isB. areC. has beenD. have been7.The teacher together with the students _ discussing Reading Skills that _ newlypublished in America.A. are; wereB. is; wereC. are; wasD. is; was8.Either you or one

14、 of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A. areB. isC. haveD. be9.Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, visit Beijing this summer.A. is going toB. are going toC. was going toD. were going to10.Did you go to the show last night?Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area inv

15、ited.A. wereB. have beenC. has beenD. was11. A survey of the opinions of experts that three hours of outdoor exercise a week goodfor ones health.A. show; areB. shows; isC. show; isD. shows; are12.As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area .A. need repairingB. needs to

16、repairC. needs repairingD. need to repair13.Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _ yet.A. hasnt been decidedB. havent decidedC. isnt being decidedD. arent decided14.The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third usedregularly. Now we have

17、60 working all day long.A. isB. areC. wasD. were15.Most of what has been said about the Smiths also true of the Johnsons.A. areB. isC. beingD. to be16. A poet and artist coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and paintingtomorrow afternoon.A. isB. areC. wasD. were17.The father as well as his

18、 three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sundayafternoon in winter.A. is goingB. goC. goesD. are going18.As you can see, the number of cars on roads _ rising these days.A. was keepingB. keepC. keepsD. were keeping19.Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _ in theclothing industry.A. is workingB. worksC. workD. worked20.Professor Smith, along with his assistants, on the project day and night to meet thedeadline.A. workB. workingC. is workingD. are working21.With more forests being