高中英語語法強化訓練(形容詞性從句和名詞性從句)

1、高中英語語法名詞性從句部分表語從句:主語+系動詞+表語從句1定義:用作表語的從句叫做表語從句。2構成:關聯(lián)詞+簡單句3.引導表語從句的關聯(lián)詞的種類:(1從屬連詞that。如:The trouble is that I have lost his address. (2 從屬連詞whether, as, as if。如:He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起來還與十年前一樣。The question is whether they will be able to help us.注:從屬連詞if一般不用來引導表語從句,但as i

2、f卻可引導表語從句,如:All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday.這都是20多年前的事了,但宛如昨天一樣。能跟表語從句的謂語動詞一般為系動詞be, seem, look等。如:It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起來天要下雨了。(3連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever連接副詞where, when, how, why。如:The problem is w

3、ho we can get to replace her. 問題是我們能找到誰去替換她呢。The question is how he did it. 問題是他是如何做此事的。That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了閣樓干的。1.連詞because可引導表語從句。如:I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想這是因為你做得太多。2.在一些表示“建議、勸說、命令”的名詞后面的表語從句中,謂語動詞用虛擬語氣。should+動詞原形表示,should可省略

4、。如:My suggestion is that we (should start early tomorrow. 我的建議是我們明天一早就出發(fā)。3.“That is why.”與“That is the reason why.”同義,只不過從語法結(jié)構上講,“That is the reason why.”中why引導的是個定語從句,將其中的the reason去掉則與“That is why.”結(jié)構一樣,例如:That is (the reason why I cannot agree. That is because.(2主語從句1定義:用作主語的從句叫做主語從句。2構成:關聯(lián)詞+簡單句3

5、引導主語從句的關聯(lián)詞有三類:(1 從屬連詞that。如:That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.很明顯,她們確是親姐妹,她們的臉型很相似。(2 從屬連詞whether。如:Whether hell come here isnt clear.他是否會來這里還不清楚。(3 連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever連接副詞where, when, how, why。如:What she di

6、d is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。How this happened is not clear to anyone. 這事怎樣發(fā)生的,誰也不清楚。Whoever comes is welcome. 不論誰來都歡迎。Wherever you are is my home - my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家-我唯一的家。1.主語從句能用it作形式上的主語。常以it作形式主語的句型有:A. It+be+形容詞(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, l

7、ikely, certain, probable, etc.+that從句。如:It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫無疑問她考試成績會很好。It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告訴她了。B. It+be+名詞詞組(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.+that從句。如:Its a pity that we cant go.很遺憾我們不能去。Its no surprise that

8、 our team should have won the game. 我們沒贏這場比賽真意外。C. It+be+過去分詞(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.+that從句。如:It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 據(jù)說格林先生已經(jīng)到了北京。It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.據(jù)報道中國又成功地發(fā)射了一顆人造地

9、球衛(wèi)星。D. It+seem, happen等不及物動詞及短語+that從句。如:It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不來參加晚會。It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。E. It+doesnt matter (makes no difference, etc.+連接代詞或連接副詞引起的主語從句。如:It doesnt matter whether she will come or not. 她是否來這無關緊要。It makes no differenc

10、e where we shall have the meeting. 我們在哪里開會毫無區(qū)別。F. 當that引導的主語從句出現(xiàn)在疑問句中時,要以it作形式主語,而把主語從句后置。如:Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下周那位科學家將給我們作報告是真的嗎?Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他們明天不來很要緊嗎?G. 當主語從句出現(xiàn)在感嘆句中時,要以it作形式主語,而把主語從句后置。如: How strange it is tha

11、t the children are so quiet! 孩子們這么安靜真奇怪!2.注意連接代詞whoever, whatever, whichever等引導主語從句的含義Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who 來的人將受到歡迎。Whatever he did was right. (whatever=the thing that 他所做的事情是正確的。Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. (whichever=anyone of you who 你們當中不論哪個進來

12、將會得到獎勵。(3賓語從句1定義:用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。2構成:關聯(lián)詞+簡單句3引導賓語從句的關聯(lián)詞有三類:(1 從屬連詞that。如:He told us that he felt ill. 他對我們說他感到不舒服。I know he has returned. 我知道他已經(jīng)回來了。注:that在引導賓語從句時也并不是任何情況下都可以省略。在以下情況下,that不能省略。1.Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and連接兩個賓語從句,that賓語從句放在and的后面時,that不能省略。大家都會看出

13、所發(fā)生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引導的賓語從句作介詞賓語時,that不能省略。對他我一無所知,只知道他是南方人。3.That he ever said such a thing I simply dont believe. (that從句位于句首時,that不可省略。我簡直不相信他曾說過這樣的話。4.We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a pro

14、bationary period. (主句謂語動詞與that從句之間有插入語,that不可省略。鑒于他的特殊情況,我們決定應允他一段試用期。(2從屬連詞if/whether。如:I doubt whether he will succeed. 我懷疑他是否會成功。I dont know if you can help me.我不知道你能否幫助我。(3連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever連接副詞where, when, how, why。如:Who or what he was, Martin never

15、learned.他是什么人?他是干什么的?馬丁根本不知道。I wonder what hes writing to me about.我不知道他要給我寫信說什么事。Ill tell you why I asked you to come. 我會告訴你我為什么要你來。You may do what you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。(1 介詞賓語從句賓語從句也可用作介詞的賓語。如:He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.他對那天發(fā)生的事感到很不快。I walked over to where she sat. 我走向她

16、坐的地方。I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要說什么。Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.你是否成功將主要取決于你做什么和怎樣做。有時介詞可以省略。如:I dont care (for who marries him.我不管誰跟他結(jié)婚。Be careful (as to how you do that. 你要注意做這件事的方式。1.如果賓語從句后還有賓語補足語,則用it作形式賓語,而將賓語從句后置。如: We thought it strang

17、e that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.我們認為小王昨天沒來是奇怪的。He has made it clear that he will not give in.他已表明他不會屈服。2.作介詞的賓語:連詞that引導的名詞性從句很少作介詞的賓語,只用在except, but, in后。其他一些介詞的賓語從句如果由連詞that引導,則需用it先行一步,作形式賓語。如:He is a good student except that he is careless.他是一個好學生,只是有點粗心。You may rely on it that I shall h

18、elp you. 你可以指望我會幫助你的。介詞賓語不可以用which來引導,而要用what來引導。如:Are you sorry for what you've done?你為你所做的一切感到內(nèi)疚嗎?3.某些形容詞或過去分詞后常接賓語從句,這類形容詞或過去分詞有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等,連詞that可省略。如:I am not sure what I ought to do.我不能確定我該做什么。I'm afraid you don't understand wh

19、at I said.恐怕你沒領會我說的意思。I'm surprised that I didn't see all that before.我好奇怪,我以前沒看到過。Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.媽媽為她的女兒通過了考試而感到高興。4.連詞whether (or not或if引導的賓語從句if和whether引導的賓語從句可以互換使用,但whether常和or not連用,if一般不與or not連用。如:I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假

20、。用if引導賓語從句如果會引起歧義,應避免使用if而用wheter。試比較:Please let me know if you want to go.Please let me know whether you want to go.if從句可理解為賓語從句,意為“請告訴我你是否想去”;此句又可理解為條件狀語從句意為“如果你想去的話,請告訴我一聲”。5.賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移。在think, believe, suppose, expect等動詞后的賓語從句,有時謂語盡管是否定意思,卻不用否定形式,而將think等動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问?。?I dont think you are right. 我認為

21、你錯了。I dont believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他們還未完成他們的工作。I dont suppose he cares, does he? 我想他不在意,是嗎?6.賓語從句的時態(tài)變化規(guī)律:(1 當主句是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時,從句可根據(jù)需要用任何時態(tài)。(2 當主句是一般過去時態(tài)時,從句只能使用過去范圍內(nèi)的任何時態(tài)。但客觀真理除外。如:The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.7. what is / was the matter /wrong with sb作賓語從句, 不改變

22、語序;Who knows what is the matter / wrong with him?(4同位語從句1定義:用作同位語的從句叫做同位語從句。2.用法:同位語從句的先行詞多為fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等,關聯(lián)詞多用從屬連詞that。如:They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.對你生病這件事,他們都很焦慮。Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪

23、兒聽說我不能來?注:同位語從句偶爾由從屬連詞whether引導。如:I have no idea whether hell come or not. 我不知道他是否來。1.that引導的同位語從句與定語從句之區(qū)別句法功能上that只起連接從句的作用,無意義。在從句中不充當句子成分。不可省。that替代先行詞在從句中不僅起連接作用,還充當一個句子成分。如在從句中作動詞的賓語時可省略。意義上從句是被修飾名詞的內(nèi)容。從句起限定作用,是定語如:The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位語從句,that不可省。李先生

24、將是我們的新英語老師這個消息是真的。The news (that he told me yesterday is true. (定語從句,that在從句中作told的賓語,可省。他昨天告訴我的消息是真的。2.一些表示“建議、命令、要求”的名詞后所跟的同位語從句中,謂語動詞用虛擬語氣should+動詞原形表示。should可省。如:This is our only request that this (should be settled as soon as possible.這就是我們唯一的請求:盡快解決這個問題。I wont believe the fact that he lied to

25、his mother.I wont believe the fact (that he told me. The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year. We have no idea at all where he has gone.Thats the place where he was born三、考查關聯(lián)詞的正確選用這是近幾年高考的重中之重。解決這一問題可以從以下幾點入手:1.依據(jù)"缺什么補什么&q

26、uot;的原則確定正確的連詞認真分析句子成分,看從句中缺什么成分,再根據(jù)語境和語義,選用恰當?shù)倪B詞。如果從句中缺少主語,指人用who,指物則用what或which;如缺賓語,指人用whom,指物用what;如缺時間狀語用when;地點狀語用where;原因狀語用why;方式狀語用how;定語用what 或which;如果從句中什么成分都不缺,用that。例如:I don't know who will be our English teacher next term.(缺主語,指人用whoI know what should be done and what shouldn't

27、 be done.(缺主語,指物用whatI'm sure that he will come tomorrow.(什么成分都不缺,用thatWhere he will go is still unknown.(缺地點狀語,用whereI don't know which / what topic I should choose.(缺定語,用what或which2.注意幾組易混連詞的使用1 what與that這是高考測試的一對熱點連詞,同學們一定要將其掌握。that引導名詞性從句時僅起連接作用,不作句子任何成分,除在賓語從句中外一般不可省略;what引導名詞性從句時,除起連接作

28、用外,還在句子中擔任主語、賓語、表語和定語等句子成分。all that, anyt hing that或the thing(s thatWhat we cant get seems better than what we have.Tom thought what a beautiful girl Mary was.whether與if在引導動詞的賓語從句時,兩者一般可以互換,但在引導主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句以及作介詞賓語的賓語從句或后面直接跟or not時,只能用whether。高中英語語法強化訓練(形容詞性從句和名詞性從句( 1. Do you still remember the

29、chicken farm_we visited three months ago?A. where B when C that D. what( 2. Mary wrote an article on _the team had failed to win the game.A. why B what C. who D that( 3. I have many friends,_some are businessmen.A. of themB. from whichC. who ofD. of whom( 4.The poor young man is ready t accept_help

30、he can get.A. whicheverB. howeverC. whateverD. whenever( 5.As soon as he comes back ,Ill tell him when_and see him.A. you will comeB. will you comeC. you comeD. do you come( 6. Why does she always ask you for help?-There is no one else_,is there?A.Who to turn toB. she can turn toC. for whom to turnD

31、. for her to turn( 7.Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _it is rough or smooth.A./ B whether C. how D. what( 8.Last month part of Southeast was struck by floods ,from_effedts the people are still sufferingA.thatB. whoseC. thoseD. what( 9._in the regulations that not tell

32、 other people the password of your email account.A. What is requiredB. What requiresC.It is requiredD. It requires( 10.If a shop has chairs_women can park their men ,women will spend more time isn the shop.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where( 11.Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003,_he

33、 studied very hard and was made Chairman of the StudintsUnion.A. during which timeB. for which timeC. during whose timeD. by that time( 12. The old ladys hand frepuently,. She explained to her doctor_this sharking had begun half a year before, and _,only because of this ,she had been forced to give

34、up her job.A.when ,howB. how ,whenC. how , whenD. why, why( 13,Some researchers beliver that there is no doubt_a cure for AIDS will be found.A.which B that C. what D whether( 14,Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes_ people were eaten by th

35、e tiger.A. in whichB. by whichC. whichD. that( 15.Mum is coming,What present_for your birthday?A. you expect she has got B you expect has she gotC.do you expect she has gotD.do you expect has she got( 16.-Is that the small town you often refer to?-Right ,just the one _you know I used to work for yea

36、rs.A. thatB. whichC. where D what( 17.Franks dream was to have his own shop_to produce the workings of his own hands.A.thatB. in whichC. by which D how( 18. I was surprised by her words ,which made me recognize_silly mistakes I had made.A.whatB. thatC. howD. how( 19.Her sister has become a lawyer,_s

37、he wanted to be .A. who B that C. what D. which( 20.The schools themseves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs_they are being trained.A.in that B for that C. in which D. for which( 21.The way he did it was different_we were used to .A.in which B in whichC from what D.from which

38、( 22.Jim passed the drining test,_surprised everybody in the office.A. whichB. thatC. thisD. it( 23. Danby left woud with my secretary_ he would call again in the afternoon.A.who B that C. as D. which( 24.Great changes have taken place in that school ,It is no longer _it was 20 years ago ,_it was so

39、 poorly equipped.A. what , whenB. that , whichC. what, whichD. which ,that( 25.The place _the bridge is supposed to be built should be _the cross- river traffic is the heaviest.A. which ,whereB. at which ,whichC. at which ,whereD. which ,in which( 26.-Dont you think it necessary that he _in Miami bu

40、t to New York?-I agree ,but the problem is _he has refused to .A. will not be sent , thatB. not be sent ,thatC.should not besent, whatD.should not send ,what( 27.The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _he thought was not enough.A.whereB. howC. whatD. which( 28.He was educated at a local grammat sch

41、ool,_he went ont to Cambridge.A. from whichB. after thatC. after whichD. from this( 29.I walked in our garden, _Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.A. which B what C where D that( 30.Do you have any idea _is actually going on in the classroom ?A.that B what C as D. which( 31.A fa

42、st food restaurant is the place _,just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly.A. which B where C. there D what( 32 The other day , my brother drove his car down the street at_I thought was a mangerous speed.A.as B which C. what D. that( 33. Along with the letter was his promise_he would v

43、isit me this coming Christmas.A. which B that C. what D. whether( 34 Luckily, wed brought a road map without_we would have lost our way.A. a B that C. this D which( 35 You are saying that everyone should be equal ,and this is _I disagree.A.why B where C. what D. how( 36.We cannot figure out _quite a

44、 number of insects ,birds ,and animals are dying out .A. thatB. asC. why D when( 37._is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.A.ItB. As B. That D. What( 38.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _,of course , made the others envy him.A

45、. whoB. that C what D which( 39.A modern city has been set up in _was a wasteland ten years ago .A. what B which C that D where( 40.American women usually identify their best friend as someone _they can talk frequently.A.who B as C. about which D. with whom( 41.After Yang Liwei succeeded in cireling

46、 the earth, _our astuonauts desire to do is walk in space .A, where B. what C. that D. how( 42.A story goes _Elicabeth I of England liked nothing more than being sur rounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.A.whenB. whereC. whatD. that( 43.Anyway ,that evening,_Il l tell you more about late

47、r ,ended up staying atBachels place .A. whenB. whereC. what D which( 44.I work in a business _almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.A.howB. whichC. whereD. that( 45. I think Father would like to k now _Ive been up to so far ,so I decide to send him him a quick note.A.which B why C what D. ho

48、w( 46.What surprised me was what he said but _he said it .A.the way B in the way thatC. in the wayD. the way which( 47.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80%_are sold abroad.A.of which B which of C. of them D. of that( 48._is often the case, we have worked out the producti

49、on plan .A.Which B When C. What D. As( 49.The journey around the took the old sailor nine months, _the sailing time was 226 days.A. of whichB. during whichC. from which D for which( 50There were dirty marks on her trousers_she had wiped her hands.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. that( 51.We living in age _

50、many are done on computer.A.whichB. thatC. whoseD. when( 52._has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month.A. That B As C It D What( 53 I can think of many comes _students obviously know a lot of English words and expressions but cant write a good essay.A.why B which C. us D. where( 5

51、4.-Are you still thinking about tomorrows game?-Oh, thats _.,A. what makes me feel excitedB whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about itD. when I feel excited( 55.It is pretty well understood_controls the the flow of caron dicxide in and out the almosphere today.A thatB whenC whatD how( 56.Pe

52、ople have heard what the President has said ,they are waiting to see_he will do .A. ( how B. what C. when D. that 57.I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _it was. A. where B what C. how D. which ( 58.-I think it's going to be a big problem. -Yes, it could be . -I wonder_we can d

53、o about it . A. if B how C. what D. that ( 59._she couldnt understand was _fewer and fewer students showed interst in her lesson. A. What ,why B. That, what C.What , because D. Why ,that ( 60. Theres feeling in me _well never know a UFO is_not ever. A. that ( B. which C of which D. what 61.Persevera

54、nce is a kind of quality_and thats _it takes to do anything well. A. what B. that C. which D. why ( 62.Information has been put forward_more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B that C. when D. as ( 63.The film brought the back to me _I was taken care of in that far

55、-way village. A. until B. that C. when D. where ( 64._is known to everyone, the moon round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C That D. What ( 65.John said hed been workine in the for an hour ,_was true. A. he B. this C. which D. who ( 66.Have you seen the film “Titanic”_leading actor is world

56、famous ? A. its B. it's C. whose D. which to lose control over the ( 67.Hes got himself into a dangerous situation_he is likely plane. A. ( where B. which C. while D. why 68.A computer can only do _you have instructed it to do. A. how B. after C. what D. when ( 69.He is the only one of the students who _a winner of scholarship for three yearrs. A. is B. are C. have been D. has been 參考答案：1-5 CADCA 6-10 BBBCD 11-15 ACBAC 16-20 CBADD 21-25 CABAC 26-30 BCCCB 31-35 BCBDB 36-40 CBDAD 41-45 BDDCC 46-50 AADAA 51-55 DBDAC 56-60 BDC