寫(xiě)作基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)

1、基本句型（Basic Sentence Patterns）：英語(yǔ)中千變?nèi)f化的句子歸根結(jié)底都是由以下五種基本句型組合、擴(kuò)展、變化而來(lái)的：1）主 + 謂（SV） I work.我工作。2）主 + 系 + 表（SVP） John is busy.約翰忙。3）主 + 謂 + 賓（SVO） She studies English.她學(xué)英語(yǔ)。4）主 + 謂 + 賓 + 補(bǔ)（SVOC） Time would prove me right. 時(shí)間會(huì)證明我是對(duì)的。5）主 + 謂 + 間賓 + 直賓（SVOiOd） My mother made me a new dress.我母親給我做了一件新衣裳?；揪湫?一

2、： （主謂）1. The sun was shining. 太陽(yáng)在照耀著。2. The moon rose. 月亮升起了。3. The universe remains. 宇宙長(zhǎng)存?？偨Y(jié)：常見(jiàn)的不及物動(dòng)詞_練習(xí)：I.畫(huà)出下列句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)1. In the last ten years great changes have taken place in may hometown.2. The girls came, dancing and laughing.3. At the meeting lots of problems concerning fund came up.4. In fro

3、nt of the house grows a tall tree with thick leaves and branches.5. They talked for half an hour. II. 用主謂結(jié)構(gòu)把下列句子譯成英語(yǔ)1. 我的英語(yǔ)水平提高了很多。_2. 昨晚， 那座橋上發(fā)生了一起交通事故。_3. 一些孩子正在操場(chǎng)上高興地玩耍。_4. 會(huì)議將在什么時(shí)候舉行？（take place）_基本句型 二： （主系表）Our teacher of English is an American. Is it yours?The weather has turned cold. The spe

4、ech is exciting.Three times seven is twenty one?His job is to teach English.His hobby（愛(ài)好）is playing football.The machine must be out of order.Time is up. The class is over.The truth is that he has never been abroad.從以上例句可以總結(jié)出表語(yǔ)可以由_充當(dāng)。練習(xí)：I. 畫(huà)出下列句子的主語(yǔ)、系動(dòng)詞、及表語(yǔ)部分1. The problem is what to do with the was

5、te water.2. How can the water in the sea stay calm.3. What Id like to see is an end to all the wars.4. It sounds as if a train is running under the house.5. Her job is looking after the children.II. 用主系表結(jié)構(gòu)把下列句子譯成英語(yǔ)1. 蘋(píng)果派吃起來(lái)真好吃。_2. 我們?cè)谌魏螘r(shí)候都應(yīng)該保持謙虛謹(jǐn)慎。_3. 這幅畫(huà)在一定的距離看更漂亮一些。_4. 這次活動(dòng)的目的增強(qiáng)人們的環(huán)保意識(shí)。_5. 解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的

6、關(guān)鍵是如何籌到足夠的資金。_基本句型 三： （主謂賓）They went to see an exhibition（展覽）yesterday.The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.He pretended not to see me.I enjoy listening to popular music.I think（tha

7、t）he is fit for his office.從以上例句可以總結(jié)出賓語(yǔ)可以由_充當(dāng).練習(xí)：I. 畫(huà)出下列句子的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)部分1. She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage.2. I wondered whether to accept or refuse the offer.3. I suggest that you listen to English programs as often as possible.4. I appreciate your coming to our party.5. Now th

8、e government pays more attention to the problem of education.II. 用主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)把下列句子譯成英語(yǔ)1. 我喜歡做網(wǎng)頁(yè)。_2. 他們還未被告知什么時(shí)候出發(fā)。_3. 我盼望受到你的來(lái)信。_4. 我疑惑他為什么要放棄那樣一個(gè)好機(jī)會(huì)。_基本句型 四： （主謂間賓直賓）I gave him help. I sent him a book.I bought May a book. Please show me your picture. 練習(xí)：I、分析下列句子的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及雙賓語(yǔ)，并用to/for進(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. I passed him

9、the salt.=_2. She cooked us a dilicious meal.=_3. The new machine will save you a lot of labour.=_4. She sang us a folk song.=_5. Her wonderful performance won her a good reputation.=_II. 用主謂賓賓結(jié)構(gòu)把下列句子譯成英語(yǔ)1. 我替你叫輛出租車(chē)好嗎？_2. 那個(gè)老人正在給孩子們講故事。_3. 只要你不是去信心，我會(huì)給你提供機(jī)會(huì)的。_4. 他把車(chē)票給列車(chē)員看。_5. 他的誠(chéng)實(shí)為他贏得了人們的尊敬。_.基本句型 五

10、： （主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）His father named him Dongming. They painted their boat white.Let the fresh air in. You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.We saw her entering the room. We found everything in the lab in good order.We will soon make our city what your city is now.從以上例句可以總結(jié)出賓補(bǔ)可以由_充當(dāng).練習(xí):I. 將下列句子變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)1.

11、 The government has warned the villagers of the flood._2. The boss made him work day and night._3. Many people consider it possible for us to master two foreign languages._4. I saw her chatting with Nancy._II. 將下列句子譯成英語(yǔ)1. 我們必須保持我們學(xué)校的清潔。_2. 我認(rèn)為有必要提高我們的社交能力。_3. 我們覺(jué)得他是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。_4. 據(jù)說(shuō)他正在國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)。_5. 我們應(yīng)該禁止人們?cè)?/p>

12、公共場(chǎng)所吸煙。_6. 兼職做零工可以幫助我們更多地了解社會(huì)。_判斷下列句子中的定語(yǔ)The little boy needs a blue pen.Tom is a handsome boy.Two boys need two pens.His boy needs Tom's pen.There are two boys of Toms there.The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.There is only one ball pen in the pencil box.The boy there needs a penThe b

13、oy to write this letter needs a pen. The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother. The pen bought by her is made in China./她買(mǎi)的筆是中國(guó)產(chǎn)的。There are five boys left.The boy you will know is Tom.判斷下列句子中的狀語(yǔ)The boy needs a pen very much.The boy really needs a pen.The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs

14、 a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen.In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.Before his mother,Tom is always a boy. On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom.He sits there,asking for a pen.Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.Frightened,he sits there soundlessly.The boy needs a pen to do

15、his homework.To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business. 分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)一致! 否則應(yīng)有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。例：錯(cuò)句：Studying hard,your score will go up.正確：(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up.或 (2)If you study hard,your score will go up.解析：錯(cuò)句中分詞studying沒(méi)有自帶邏輯主語(yǔ)，則其邏輯主語(yǔ)就

16、是句子的主語(yǔ)，既your score . 顯然做study的應(yīng)是人，不應(yīng)是your score（分?jǐn)?shù)）. 正確句(1)更正了句子的主語(yǔ),使其與分詞邏輯主語(yǔ)一致( 同為you );正確句(2)則使用條件分句帶出study的主語(yǔ),(不過(guò)已經(jīng)不是分詞結(jié)構(gòu)了). 分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)常省略being,having been.不過(guò)There being.的場(chǎng)合不能省略.如：Game (being) over,he went home.He stands there,book (being) in hand. 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)還可用with、without引導(dǎo)，作狀語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)不但可以用分詞，還可以用不定式、形容詞

17、、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞或名詞等。如：With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon./無(wú)事可做，他很快就睡著了。The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose./老師進(jìn)來(lái)了，戴著一付眼鏡。（注意，此句on his nose不可省略！） 指出下列句子中劃線(xiàn)部分的句子成分：1.Whether well go depend on the weather .2. Peoples standards of living are going up steadily .3. That was how they were defeated.4.

18、The nursery takes good care of our children .5.Ill return the book to you tomorrow .6.We are sure that we shall succeed .7.The woman with a baby in her arms is his other .8.There are many film that Id like to see.9.Have you met the person about whom he was speaking ?10.I have a lot of work to do .11. Anyway I wont stop you from doing it .12. I said it in fun .13. We can send a car over to fetch you .14. She had to work standi