動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)

1、動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)一. 教學(xué)目標：從宏觀角度把握動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)的用法二. 教學(xué)重點，難點：1.動詞時態(tài)的構(gòu)成，用法及中考考點。 2.被動語態(tài)的用法 3.被動語態(tài)的特殊用法三. 教學(xué)輔助工具:圖畫，練習(xí)題四. 教學(xué)步驟：1 Greeting: Say hello to the student.2 Warm-up: Sing an English song about some verbs.3 Revision: The classify of Verb.4 Leading-in: Ask students“when do they get up everyday”and “When do the

2、y go to school” in Chinese. Then,Tell them what is Simple Present tense. According to this kind of way, we can learn the other tenses.5 Teaching content:動詞的時態(tài)從分類的角度 一般現(xiàn)在時 一般過去時一般將來時現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去進行時過去完成時過去將來時 從中考考點的角度一 般 現(xiàn) 在 時一 從構(gòu)成的角度： 肯定式 ： 主語 + 動詞原形 + . They speak English and French . 主語 + 動詞三單： She

3、 studies in a school near here. 否定句 ： 主語 +助動詞do/does+not+動詞原形 He doesnt feel very well.一般疑問句 : Do/does+主語+動詞原形 Do you speak English? 回答: Yes,主語+do/doesNo,主語+dont/doesnt實義動詞have當(dāng)”有”講時,疑問句有以下變化形式:Have you a penfriend? Do you have a penfriend ?Have you got a penfriend?特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞(where,when,how,why)+do

4、/does+主語+動詞原形(不用yes,no回答)Where does ZhouNan study?選擇疑問句:Do you like this book or that one?二從用法的角度：1. 表示經(jīng)常性,習(xí)慣性的動作或經(jīng)常存在的狀態(tài),常與always,often,usually,everyday,sometime等連用(通常用于be后,行為動詞前)e.g.)Lei Feng is always ready to help other.I am always/usually go to school at 7 oclock.2. 表示普遍性的真理與規(guī)律The moon goes rou

5、nd the esrth.月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn).Light travels faster than sound.3. 表示習(xí)慣與能力Do you drive a car? 你會開車嗎?Mr Green teaches English.4. 表示按規(guī)定,計劃或安排預(yù)計要發(fā)生的動作或存在狀態(tài)(主要用于 come,go,leave,begin,start,arrive,return等瞬間動詞)Could you tell me what time the plan leaves?Do you know what time the plan arrives in Moscow?5. 在時間,條件狀語從句中表

6、示將來動作When you climb higher, youll find nothing grows there at all. Tom wont feel well till the game is over.6. 一般現(xiàn)在時表將來表最近的將來,說話人說話時動作并未發(fā)生,但即將開始(Im off now .)或 強調(diào)未來的事實和早已規(guī)定的事. ( Tomrrow is Sunday.) 特殊用法角度：1. 表示說話時刻,這一刻往往很短暫.What time is it now ?My watch says ten to seven.2. 有些表示心理狀態(tài)和感情,感覺的動詞常用于一般現(xiàn)在時

7、I feel better now.It doesnt matter this time .Does it hurn here? 3 用于下列句型中There goes the bell.Why dont you go by bus?Why dont/they/we +動詞原形Why doesnt he +動詞原形Why not have a drink of tea?Here comes Jim.一 般 過 去 時一. 從構(gòu)成的角度： 肯定式:主語+動詞的過去式I wanted to watch animals in the zoo.They took his son to the cine

8、ma.否定式:主語+didnt+動詞原形 I didnt have his telephone number. 一般疑問句:特殊疑問詞+did+主語What sport did she play yesterday? 一般過去時沒有人稱及數(shù)的變化 二. 從基本用法的角度：1. 表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài).(常與其連用的時間狀語有:yesterday ,the day before yesterday ,a moment ago ,just now ,in May, in 1999,last night/week/month/year ,once ,one day ,before at

9、the age of 18,when she was five等)e.g.)He was a soldier two years ago.They had a baby last month.2. 表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作或行為(never ,often ,always)e.g.)They didnt pass the ball often enough.He always took off his shoes and threw on the floor.3. 根據(jù)時態(tài)一致,在賓語從句中用一般過去時代替一般現(xiàn)在時e.g.)She asked weather they needed som

10、e more tea.(瞬問的動作是過去,”需要”指現(xiàn)在) He said that there wasnt time to go to the city century. 過去了 現(xiàn)在 4. 用于since從句,(主句的謂語動詞為現(xiàn)在完成時,其后since從句為一般過去式)He has worked there since it opened in 1989.It has been two days since I came back.5. 由于when,while,before,after,whenever等引導(dǎo)的表示過去時間的狀語從句常用過去時.e.g.)The boy began to

11、 go to school when he was five.They lived there before they came to China.6. 有些情況和事件,發(fā)生的時間不很清楚,但實際已發(fā)生,應(yīng)當(dāng)用過去時態(tài).Look at the bags.They came.Five people died in the traffic accident. 特殊用法的角度1. 在時間,條件狀語從句中表示過去將來的動作.If we won the match,we would be top.2. 一般過去時形式上為過去時,實指現(xiàn)在I didnt know you were there.(剛才不知,

12、現(xiàn)在知道了.)一般將來時一：從構(gòu)成的角度： 肯定形式：主語+will+動詞原形/ 主語+ Am/is /are +going to 動詞原形 否定形式：都是在will/am/is /are這些助動詞后加not即可。 一般疑問的形式： 把助動詞will/am/is /are 提前。 二：從基本用法的角度：1) 表示在將來某一時間要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，常與表示將來的時間狀 語連用，如：tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next Tuesday, in five minutes, some day, in the future, next year.(eg.)Will

13、 you be free tonight?We will know the result tomorrow.Im sure I wont lose my way.They will get married next May Day.2) 其他表示將來時的結(jié)構(gòu)1 be going to(表示說話者明確的打算、安排、決定或確信會發(fā)生的事，多用于口語); 2be to do（表示安排好了要在將來做的事）; 3be about to do（表示就要發(fā)生的事，句中不能用表示動作發(fā)生時間的狀語） 4一般現(xiàn)在時表將來（限于某些動詞，如leave, finish）5現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來時（限于某些動詞，表示按計

14、劃安排要發(fā)生的事，如：take, have ,leave）Hes leaving school in on years time.他一年后就要畢業(yè)了現(xiàn)在進行時一：從構(gòu)成的角度： 肯定形式：主語+be+動詞的ing形式 否定形式：在be 動詞后加not 即可。 一般疑問形式：只需將助動詞be提前。二：從基本用法的角度：1） 此刻正在進行或發(fā)生的動作。常伴隨的時間狀語如：look,listen,now,at the moment等 What are you thinking about now?She is having a talk with Lin Tao upstairs.2） 這一時段時間

15、正在發(fā)生的動作或變化，雖然這個動作此時此刻不 一 定正在 進行。I am sorry I cant go. I am writing a report.We are preparing for the English exam.3） 其他用法表示經(jīng)常性的動作，和always, constantly, forever這類副詞連用，表示厭煩，贊美等情緒。He is always losing his keys.表示按計劃安排最近即將發(fā)生的動作，常用位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞如：come, go, leave, start, arrive等。She is taking her exam next Monday.

16、用在時間或條件狀語從句中表示將來正在進行的動作。You can do some reading while you are waiting for the train.If shes still waiting, tell her to go home.現(xiàn)在完成時一：從構(gòu)成的角度： 結(jié)構(gòu)：主語have /has+動詞的過去分詞 否定形式：在助動詞have /has后加not. 一般疑問形式：將助動詞提前即可。二：從基本用法角度：1 表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，與現(xiàn)在時間相聯(lián)系。不能和確定的時間狀語連用，但和不確定的連用，如：just, yet, already, e

17、ver, never, recently , lately, still, before等。The car has arrived.Hes been ill.He still hasnt finished his work.Have you seen Alice recently?2 表示動作狀態(tài)從過去某時開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在可能還要持續(xù)下去，也可能剛剛結(jié)束，這是通常和since或for引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用。I have lived here for more than thirty years.He hasnt cleaned his room for months.He has been ill

18、 for a long time.注意：（1）現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作持續(xù)發(fā)生時還可以用以下表示包括現(xiàn)在時間在 內(nèi)的時間狀語：up to now, in the past few years, so far, these days, this year.Up to now, the work has been easy.So far he has done very well at school.The rain has stopped now.（2）非持續(xù)動詞不能同表示一段時間的狀語連用，不能同for引導(dǎo)的短語或since引導(dǎo)的短語和從句連用。如果句中有表示一段時間的狀語，則必須改用延續(xù)性動詞。常

19、用的動詞及其轉(zhuǎn)換如下：buyhave diebe deadborrowkeepleavebe awaybeginbe onjoin/becomebe in the+組織名稱wakeawake（3）Has been to& has gone to前者表示曾經(jīng)來過某地；后者表示去往某地，即不在現(xiàn)場。動詞的語態(tài)一定義的角度英語語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用語表示主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系。二. 分類的角度：主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)表示主語的動作是執(zhí)行者。被動語態(tài)表示是動作的承受者或動作的目標。三構(gòu)成的角度 一般時態(tài)進行時態(tài)完成時態(tài)現(xiàn)在am is madeare am is being madeare h

20、ave been beenhas 過去was madewerewas being madewere had been made將來shall be made will shall have been madewill過去將來Should be madeWould Should Have been madewould 情態(tài)動詞CanMay be mademustCanMay be mademust三 中考考點角度 被動語態(tài)的基本用法 英語的被動語態(tài)常用于以下場合 1 強調(diào)或突出動作的承受者. Fish from the east and west coasts is sold to many o

21、ther coutries. 東西部海岸的魚被銷售給許多其它國家. 2 不知道或無需說出動作的執(zhí)行者. Bread is made from wheat. 面包是用麥子做的. 3. 出于禮貌或語氣委婉等不愿說出動作的執(zhí)行者是誰 This matter will be looked into in the future. 這件事將來是要查明的。 特殊用法的角度 一. 英語中 及物動詞的被動語態(tài)是表示被動意義的主要方法，但還有一些其它也表示被動意義的結(jié)構(gòu)。 1 有些及物動詞轉(zhuǎn)化來的不及物動詞，如 read write clean wash iron burn easily smoothly 這些動

22、詞的主語一般是表物的詞，而且這些物往往有某種內(nèi)在的特點。 The cloth washes well. 這種不料好洗。 注有些動詞如 cook do 等 常用主動結(jié)構(gòu)的進行時表被動含義。如 The cakes are baking. 蛋糕正在烘烤。2 動詞 need require want deserve be worth 后接ing 的主動結(jié)構(gòu)表被動含義。如 This film is really worth seeing . 這部電影的確值得看。3 有些系動詞如feel smell taste sound 等加上形容詞 也可以主動語態(tài)表被動。 如 How sweet these flow

23、er smell! 這些花問上去多香??！4 有些介詞短語，如 sent for heard of carry out in talk about 如 Has the doctor been sent for 去請大夫了嗎？5 帶有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài) 如.This word can be used as a noun . 這個單詞可以用作名詞。6 帶不定式的被動語態(tài) The child asked to be brought along . 孩子要求被帶走。 二. 不能用于被動語態(tài)的動詞1.不及物動詞 不及物動詞短語She swims very well Your speech came acr

24、oss very well,everyone liked it .2.等表示狀態(tài)的動詞The family have carThis village lacked kof electronic appliance 3.反身代詞和被動語態(tài)You should take care of yourself I have cut myself 動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)專項練習(xí)1.The teacher told us in class that the sun_in the east.A. rose B. will rise C.would rise D.rises2. If it _ tomorrow,Ill

25、go by car. A.rian B.will rain C.rains D.would rain3.We _ the Great Wall three days ago. A.dont go to B.werent go to C.didnt went to D.didnt go to4.How often _you _to the park when you were in Tianjin? A.do;go B.did;go C.will;go D.have;go5.-Lucy has gone to London to see her grandmother. - Really? Wh

26、en_she come back? A.does B.has C.did D.will6.Look!Some boys_on the playground. A.playing B.are playing C.playD.plays A.lived B.has lived C.lives D.is going to live8.-Where is you father?-_. A.He has been to American. B.He has gone to England/ C.He is going to Australia. D.He would visit my grandparents.9.How long _he _English? A.has;taught B.did;taught C.does;teaches D.is;taught10.I _never_such a nice song befo