中考英語語法精講例析---動詞

1、中考英語語法精講例析-動詞清華大學(xué)英語系測試：為中學(xué)英語量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站： 清華大學(xué)英語教授50年研究成果中考英語語法精講例析 動詞(一) 知識概要動詞在語言中是必不可少的一部分。它的語法現(xiàn)象也較多，但在初中范圍主要有以下幾方面問題。 時態(tài)：初中范圍主要有一般現(xiàn)在時，一般過去時，現(xiàn)在完成時，過去完成時，將來時與過去將來時六種時態(tài)。 語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)。 助動詞和情態(tài)動詞。 非謂語動詞，也就是不定式，動名詞及現(xiàn)在分詞的用法。時態(tài)主要掌握以下幾種時態(tài)的應(yīng)用要點和習(xí)慣用法。1 一般現(xiàn)在時：主要有以下三方面， 用來表示狀態(tài)，特征或不受時間限制的客觀存在和真理。如：Matter exists i

2、n three states物質(zhì)有三態(tài)。又如：The earth moves around the sun 表示習(xí)慣性和經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，如：I often go to bed at 9 在時間、條件等狀語從句中表示將來要發(fā)生的動作，如：As soon as I get there I'll telephone you.2 一般過去時：主要用于表達(dá)過去時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，如：I was ill last week 過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或習(xí)慣性動作，如：I used to get up at six. 3 一般將來時：用于表示將要發(fā)生的動作，其構(gòu)成方式 用ill (shall)+動

3、詞原形來表達(dá)將來在某一時間內(nèi)要發(fā)生，或經(jīng)常、將要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，如：School will begin on Sepember 1st 用be going to+動詞原形，用來表示不久將要發(fā)生或打算去作的動作。如：I'm going to swim this afternoon be+現(xiàn)在分詞，也就是用某些動詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示將來，如：I'm coming。這些動詞只限于：go, come, leave, start, move, sail, arrive, reach, get to等動詞。 在狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。4 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：用于表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作，如：

4、What are you doing now?要注意的是表示狀態(tài)，情感的某些詞沒有現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，這些動詞有：like, have (有)，love, know, understand, remember, forget, see, hear, smell, taste, feel, wish hope, expect5 過去將來時：用來表達(dá)從過去某時間點上看將要發(fā)生的動作，如： He told me he would come to my party6 現(xiàn)在完成時與過去完成時：現(xiàn)在完成時的兩個用處是：用來表達(dá)在過去開始的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，如：I've studied English for

5、 two years 用來表達(dá)過去發(fā)生的事但它影響到現(xiàn)在，如：I haven't had my breakfast. so I'm hungry now 現(xiàn)在完成時與過去完成時的區(qū)別在于動作的截止時間，現(xiàn)在完成時所表達(dá)的動作截止于現(xiàn)在，而過去完成時所表達(dá)的動作截止于過去。如：I haven't seen my old teacher for a long time 我好久未見到我過去的老師了。是指到目前截止。如果加上一句話，則將變?yōu)檫^去完成時，如：Yesterday I saw my old teacher. I hadn't seen him for a lo

6、ng time. 因為我好久未見他這一情況截止于昨天。還要注意的一個問題是截止性動詞可以有完成時，但不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用，如：When I got to school, the class had begun 如果一定要講開始幾分鐘了則要換用表示狀態(tài)，或延續(xù)性動詞，如：When I got to school, the class had been on for five minutes語態(tài)：英語中只有主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)之分。主動語態(tài)，句子中的主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，如：I broke the window 而被動語態(tài)句子中的主語是主動語態(tài)句子中的賓語，如：The window was b

7、roken by me 被動語態(tài)主要用于，動作的執(zhí)行者不明確，或沒有必要說出來，如：The New building was built last week 關(guān)鍵要注意的是在主動語態(tài)中有省略不定式符號to的動詞，在被動語態(tài)要還原，如： 主動語態(tài) I saw him come in.被動語態(tài) He was seen to come in. 助動詞和情態(tài)動詞：助動詞本身沒有詞義，它只不過與實義動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語動詞，形成了時態(tài)、語態(tài)、構(gòu)成了疑問句，否定句，以及用來加強(qiáng)語氣。而情態(tài)動詞則表達(dá)一種可能、必要、允許、愿望、猜測的意圖、傾向。也用來表示語氣的委婉和祝愿。初中階段主要有：can, could,

8、 may, might, will, would, must (have to), shall, should。最后要談?wù)摰氖欠侵^語動詞，非謂語動詞分為不定式，和動詞的ing形式，(即現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞)。雖然在初中范圍，這一項不是語法重點，但還是要花一定時間去學(xué)習(xí)，為的是打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。為進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)提供良好的條件。不定式在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語。如：To see is to believe.(百聞不如一見) He want to see a film 還可以作補(bǔ)足語，如：He wants me to leave.也可以作狀語，如：I come here to learn English.動

9、名詞也可以起到上述作用，如：Seeing is believing. I like swimming very much. 而現(xiàn)在分詞多用于作定語、補(bǔ)足語、狀語，如： The girl driving a car is her sister.(定語) Did you notice his hand shaking?(賓語補(bǔ)足語)Hearing the noise, we stopped talking.(狀語) (二) 正誤辨析 誤 She laid down and soon fell asleep. 正 She lay down and soon fell asleep. 析 考試中常出現(xiàn)

10、的是易混動詞lay放，lie躺，lie說謊。它們的過去時、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞變化如下： lay (放) laid， laid， laying (及物動詞) lie (躺) lay， lain， lying (不及物動詞) lie (說謊) lied， lied， lying 誤 Please rise your hand. 正 Please raise your hand. 析 rise 是不及物動詞，其后不能接賓語，如：The sun rises in the east.而raise是及物動詞。 誤 I like to swim very much, but I don't like

11、 swimming this afternoon. 正 I like swimming very much, but I don't like to swim this afternoon. 析 like作為"喜歡"講時，可以接動名詞也可以接不定式，但接動名詞時多表達(dá)一種習(xí)慣性動作。而接不定式則側(cè)重于表達(dá)一次性、特殊性的動作。 但要注意的是like 與would連用時則一定要接不定式，如：Would you like to go with me? 再有一點要注意的是，like作為介詞"像"講時，只能用分詞作其賓語。 誤 Stop! Did you

12、 listen to a strange voice? 正 Stop! Did you hear a strange voice? 析 hear的側(cè)重點是聽到、聽見什么，而listen to 的側(cè)重點為聽的傾向，如：listen! Do you hear someone calling help?這樣的詞還有l(wèi)ook與see。它們的側(cè)重點也不同，look重于"看"的傾向，而see重于看見沒看見。 誤 Did you watch some film recently? 正 Did you see some film recently? 析 英語中see 與 watch 各有不

13、同的用處，see用于看電影、劇目，而watch用作看電視和看球賽。 誤 Look. A beautiful lamp hanged from the ceiling. 正 Look. A beautiful lamp hung from the ceiling. 析 hang有兩個含義， "掛"，它的過去時與過去分詞是hung， hung; "絞刑"，這時它是規(guī)則動詞，其過去式與過去分詞則為hanged， hanged。 誤 How long can I borrow this book? 正 How long can I keep this book?

14、 析 "借"在英文中有三個詞， 借入，即borrow,如：May I borrow some books from the library? 借出，如：I can lend my bike to you. 借多久要用keep, 因為borrow與lend都是截止性動詞，而keep是延續(xù)性動詞。如 How long can I keep it? 誤 We have won your class. 正 We have beaten your class. 析 win是及物動詞，其后面的賓語應(yīng)是比賽、戰(zhàn)爭、獎品、獎金。而beat的賓語，應(yīng)是人、隊、班級等等，如：We won th

15、e game. 誤 I left my key. 正 I forgot my key. 正 I left my key at home. 析 leave是"丟下"，其后一定要接地點狀語，而forget其后不要接地點狀語。 誤 Oh! It's raining outside. Please bring the rain coat with you. 正 Oh! It's raining outside. Please take this rain coat with you. 析 bring為"帶來"如：Next time bring y

16、our little sister here.而take為"帶走"，fetch為"去某處取什么回來"，如：Please fetch some coffee for us 要熟記的是在初中課文中與take有關(guān)的詞組，如： take away 拿走 take back 收回 take down 取下take off 脫下 takeout 拿出 take place 發(fā)生 take hold of 拿住 take part in 參加 take a seat 坐下take one's place 替代 take a look 看看 take one&#

17、39;s turn 輪流 take a message 捎信 take care of 照看 take it easy 別著急take one's time 慢慢來 take one's temperature 測量體溫 誤 The policeman reached his gun. 正 The policeman reached for his gun. 析 reach作"到達(dá)"講時是及物動詞，如：I reached the hotel at 830但作"伸手去拿"，則要用reach for something。作為"到達(dá)&

18、quot;講時還有arrive (in+大地方)(at較小的地方)和get to.要注意的是與get有關(guān)的詞組有： get back 回來 get in 收割 get into 進(jìn)入 get off 下車 get on 上車 get out 出去 get up 起床 get to 到達(dá) get ready for=be ready for get on well with 與人相處融洽 get 加比較級為變得如何，例如： get colder and colder. 誤 This dictionary spent me five dollars. 正 This dictionary cost

19、me five dollars. 析 英文中的"花費"有4個spend, cost, take 和 pay,其中spend 與pay所在句中的主語應(yīng)為人，如：I spent two hours in doing my homework. I paid five dallars for the book.而cost與take的主語則是事物，如：It takes me two years to finish this book. 誤 In summer I always sleep with the windows opened. 正 In summer I always sl

20、eep with the windows open. 正 I always sleep with the windows closed. 析 要注意open是動詞也是形容詞，而close則要用其過去分詞作形容詞。誤 Please wait a minute. I'm having on my clothes. 正 Please wait a minute. I'm putting on my clothes. 析 英語中的穿衣服要分狀態(tài)，是什么樣的穿著打扮，還是穿衣服的動作兩類動詞。表示穿著狀態(tài)的詞有have on, wear,在用法上have on不宜用進(jìn)行時態(tài)，它多用一般時

21、態(tài)，如：She has on a new school dress. 而wear則多用進(jìn)行時來表示狀態(tài)，如：She is wearing a new sweater.在表示動作的詞中put on是常用的一詞。dress用作動詞當(dāng)"穿衣"講時其后賓語不應(yīng)接衣物，而要接人，如：My children were very young they couldn't dress themselves.在表示穿著狀態(tài)時用其過去分詞當(dāng)形容詞，如：He is dressed in white. 誤 My computer can't begin. Could you find

22、 someone to help me? 正 My computer can't start. Could you find someone to help me? 析 begin與start均可指"開始"，而且常?？梢曰Q，如：School begins (starts) at 8 a. m. 但是在兩種情況下不宜用begin 而要用start, 當(dāng)作機(jī)器開動、發(fā)動講，如：My car can't start. There must be something wrong with it. 作為"旅途開始"講，如：We should ha

23、ve to start early. There was a lot of traffic on the road. 誤 I'm very glad because I have founded my lost key. 正 I'm very glad because I have found my lost key. 析 find是不規(guī)則動詞，它的過去式和過去分詞是found, found，而found又是另外一詞"建立"，它是規(guī)則動詞，其過去式與過去分詞是founded founded, 如：The People's Republic of Ch

24、ina was founded in 1949. 誤 Please. Let's speak in English. 正 Please. Let's speak English. 正 Please. Let's talk in English. 誤 Can you speak it English? 正 Can you say it in English? 析 英文中"說"有4個常用詞say, tell, speak, talk.其中不及物動詞有speak和talk，如：I want to talk with you.We are talking a

25、bout the new film.而speak其后接語言時是及物動詞，其他情況是不及物動詞。say 與tell是及物動詞，其中tell常用雙賓語，如：Tell us a story.但用于講實話或謊話時也用單賓語。如： Tell the truth. 誤 Can you say Japanese from Chinese? 正 Can you tell Japanese from Chinese? 析 tellfrom為固定詞組，即分辨兩者的不同。 誤 Excuse me, did I step on your foot? 正 Oh, sorry, did I step on your fo

26、ot? 析 excuse me用于未打擾對方前，以提醒對方注意的用語，而sorry則是由于自己已做的事向?qū)Ψ降狼浮?誤 Would you care for to swim with us? 正 Would you care to swim with us? 析 care for 后接不定式時，要省略for,或換用名詞，如：Would you care for a cup of tea. care for 作"照顧"講時與look after相同。在初中階段學(xué)習(xí)與for有關(guān)的詞組有： ask for 請求 call for 接人，請人 care for 關(guān)心go in fo

27、r 從事 answer for 負(fù)責(zé) look for 尋找wait for 等待 send for 請人 pay for 付款search for 尋找 leave for 去某地 prepare for 準(zhǔn)備 thank somebody for something 為某事向某人道謝。 誤 Are you understanding it? Yes, I got to it. 正 Do you understand it? Yes, I got it. 析 understand這一詞沒有進(jìn)行時態(tài)，如同感觀動詞love、hate I got it 是美語，即I understood it。要

28、記住get 作為"到達(dá)"講時是不及物動詞，如：I'll get to the school at 8 a. m. 初中范圍常用與to有關(guān)的動詞詞組如下： belong to 屬于 come to 蘇醒 point to (at) 指著get to 到達(dá) refer to 談到 stick to 堅持lead to 導(dǎo)致 turn to 翻到 look forward to 期望agree to 同意 誤 The meat has gone badly. 正 The meat has gone bad. 析 英語中g(shù)o, get, become, turn作為轉(zhuǎn)變時，

29、其后接形容詞，這時這些動詞應(yīng)被看作系動詞。 誤 The teacher said the earth moved around the sun. 正 The teacher said the earth moves around the sun. 析 如果主句的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時，其賓語從句可以是任何時態(tài)。如果是過去時，則賓語從句中的時態(tài)應(yīng)與之呼應(yīng)。但地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)是不隨時間而變化的客觀事實，所以還應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)來表達(dá)。 誤 I'll come to see you as soon as I'll be back. 正 I'll come to see you as s

30、oon as I am back. 析 在狀語從句中要用一般時來表示將來，如：I should tell him when he came back. 誤 I want to know whether you come to my party tomorrow or not. 正 I want to know whether you will come to my party tomorrow or not. 析 在賓語從句中則要用將來時表示將來的動作。要注意的是如果賓語從句中仍有狀語從句時，依然要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來，如：I want to know if it rains tomorrow

31、 you'll come here or not. 誤 What did you do at eight last night? 正 What were you doing at eight last night? 析 在描述過去某一具體時刻的動作或從某時到某時一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作要用過去進(jìn)行時，如：I was washing clothes from eight till noon last Sunday 誤 My classmates came to see a film yesterday. I didn't go with them, because I have

32、seen it before. 正 My classmates came to see a film yesterday. I didn't go with them because I had seen it before. 析 現(xiàn)在完成時與過去完成時的相同之處是其動作均開始于過去的某一點，它的差別在于該動作是截止到什么時候。如動作截止到現(xiàn)在用現(xiàn)在完成時；如動作截止到過去，用過去完成時。例如：I've learnt English for three years.(到現(xiàn)在為止)又如：Before I went to college, I had learnt English

33、for three years. (動作截止到上大學(xué)那時，即截止于過去) 誤 I'm feeling well now. 正 I feel well now. 析 瞬間動詞有些無進(jìn)行時態(tài)，它們是：表示思維狀態(tài)的詞：believe, feel, forget, imagine, know, mean, need, prefer, remember, understand, want 表示感情的動詞：care, like, do like, love, mind, hate, fear 表示狀態(tài)的詞：belong, own 感觀動詞： feel, hear, see， smell, tas

34、te 誤 When have you done this work? 正 When did you do this work? 析 when提問的是一個時間點不可用于完成時態(tài)的問句中。 誤 This is our new English teacher. He has gone to many foreign countries. 正 This is our new English teacher. He has been to many foreign countries. 析 have gone to 是到某地去了，此人現(xiàn)在不在這里。have been to 是到過某地，現(xiàn)在此人在說話現(xiàn)場

35、。 誤 I have borrowed this book for two weeks. 正 I have kept this book for two weeks. 析 截止性動詞有完成時態(tài)，但不可和與表達(dá)一段時間的時間狀語連用。如：When I got to the cinema the film had begun. 但要講When I got to the cinema the film had be on for five minutes 這樣的用法還有buy, join, die, 如：I bought this book yesterday.我昨天買的這本書。 I have ha

36、d this book for two days. 這本書我已買了兩天了。 I joined the club two years ago.兩年前我加入了這個俱樂部。 I have been in this club for two years. 我加入這個俱樂部已兩年了。 My father died five years ago. 我父親是5年前去世的。 My father has been dead for five years. 我父親已去世5年了。 誤 Have you understood the lessons? 正 Do you understand the lessons?

37、析 有些動詞不易用完成時態(tài)，它們是understand, think, believe, know (知道) 誤 It was said that the Second World War had broken out in 1939. 誤 It was said that the Second World War was broken out in 1939. 析 在講述過去的歷史事件時，總要用過去時而不要用完成時，而且happen, break out, take place作為發(fā)生講時均沒有被動語態(tài)。 誤 When I walked along the street. I happene

38、d to meet an old friend. 正 When I was walking along the street I happened to meet an old friend. 析 在一個長動作發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的過程中，某一突然事件發(fā)生，這時長動作應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時或過去進(jìn)行時)，而突發(fā)性動作用一般時(一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時)，如：When my father is reading a newspaper the telephone rings. 誤 Please buy a book for me. 正 Please buy me a book. 正 Please buy a

39、book to me. 析 在接雙賓語的動詞后面的兩個賓語，一個是直接賓語，一個是間接賓語，如：Buy me a book中me是間接賓語，而a book是直接賓語。如果將直接賓語前置，其后應(yīng)加to，如： Tell me a story. Tell a story to me. Give me a book. Give a book to me. 誤 He was seen come into the book store. 正 He was seen to come into the book store. 析 在主動語態(tài)中，有時可以加不帶to的不定式作賓語，如：I saw him come

40、 into the book store.但如果變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，則要將省略的to還原。當(dāng)然這些動詞還可以加動名詞作賓語，如： I saw him coming into the book store, 如變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，則沒有變化。如：He was seen coming into the book store. 誤 How nice the book is! Is it sold well? 正 How nice the book is! Does it sell well? 析 有些動詞可以表示一種動作，但也可以用來表示某種性質(zhì)，表示動作時可用被動語態(tài)，在表示性質(zhì)時則不可用被動語態(tài)。如：

41、This book sells well. 這本書暢銷。 This car drives easily. 這車容易駕駛。 These clothes wash easily. 這些衣服好洗。 在作上述表達(dá)時，不要用被動語態(tài)。而要講： This kind of book was sold out. (這種書賣完了) These clothes were washed by the washing machine. 這時要用被動語態(tài)，因為它描述的是具體動作。 誤 Must I do it now?No. you mustn't. 正 Must I do it now? No, you ne

42、edn't. 析 need用在疑問句和否定句中常用作情態(tài)動詞，其后接不帶to的不定式。由must提問的問句作答語時，如是肯定的要用must,否定的要用needn't，即為沒有必要。在肯定句中常用作實意動詞，如：I need to wait for my boy. 誤 Is this book yours? Yes, It's. 正 Is this book yours?Yes, It is. 析 在肯定的回答中不要用縮寫形式，而在否定的回答中可以用縮寫形式，如：No. It isn't. 誤 I'll have my bike repair tomorr

43、ow. 正 I'll have my bike repaired tomorrow. 析 have+人+動詞原形或現(xiàn)在分詞意為：讓某人作某事，如：My father had me to learn how to drive， 或My father had me doing my homework from morning till might have+物+動詞的過去分詞為某件事被別人完成。如：I have my hair cut.我去理發(fā)。而不是自己理發(fā)。如果講我想自己作某事，則用I want to repair my bike myself. 誤 I'll get my b

44、rother repair the bike for you. 正 I'll get my brother to repair the bike for you. 析 have與get的用法有相同之處，也有不同之處。相同之處，如：have something done, 也可用get something done, 或have (get) somebody doing something但不同之處在于have somebody do something 在用get時則要用get somebody to do something。 誤 I have to study on Saturda

45、y but I haven't to study a full day 正 I have to study on Saturday， but I don't have to study a full day. 析 have to 不得不，而don't have to 為其否定式。 誤 Is Tom in the classroom? No. He mustn't be in the classroom, because I saw him talking with our teacher in the office just now. 正 Is Tom in t

46、he classroom? No. He can't be in the classroom because I saw him talking with our teacher in the office just now. 析 must 加動詞原形表達(dá)一種比較肯定的推測，而表示否定的推測則要用can't。 誤 My grandpa is over eighty but he is able to read without glasses. 正 My grandpa is over eighty， but he can read without glasses. 析 can

47、(could) 多用于表達(dá)客觀的事實，主觀能力，而be able to 則多用于表達(dá)主觀的意愿。 誤 She doesn't answer the doorbell. She should be asleep. 正 She doesn't answer the doorbell. She must be asleep 析 should 用于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的句子中應(yīng)譯為"應(yīng)該"，如：You should do your homework right away. 而 must加動詞原形表示一種推測。 誤 Do you like to go with us? 正 Wou

48、ld you like to go with us? 析 Do you like問的是習(xí)慣，如：Do you like swimming? 而would you like是一次性的邀請。 誤 I am used to get up early in the morning. 正 I am used to getting up early in the morning. 析 used to 共有三種用法， 表示過去的習(xí)慣，如：I used to live with my parents. 表示過去的習(xí)慣延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，如：I am used to swimming in the river. 用于被

49、動語態(tài)，如：Oil is used to cook 誤 To play with the children are very interesting. 正 To play with the children is very interesting. 析 不定式作主語時，應(yīng)視為單數(shù)主語，特別是兩個不定式用and作連詞作主語時，如指的是一件事也應(yīng)用單數(shù)謂語動詞。如：To get up early and to go to sleep early is good for your health. 誤 He asked me do my homework alone. 正 He asked me to

50、 do my homework alone. 析 某些動詞要求不定式作其賓語或賓語補(bǔ)足語，它們是：ask somebody to do something 要求某人做某事。 tell somebody to do something 告訴某人做某事 還有prepare 準(zhǔn)備， decide 決定， happen to 碰巧， seem 似乎。 誤 he told me to drive a car. 正 He told me how to drive a car. 析 要學(xué)會疑問詞加不定式的用法，特別要注意的是what是疑問代詞，而how是疑問副詞。如：I want to know what

51、to do. (我想知道干什么)。 I want to know how to do it. (我想知道如何去作)。 要注意的是how to do it 中的it是不可少的，因how是疑問副詞，不能作及物動詞的賓語，而what是疑問代詞，可做do的賓語，所以what to do 后不要加it。 誤 I am very glad meeting you. 正 I am very glad to meet you. 析 許多形容詞后加不定式，這樣用時形容詞多是用來描述人物的感情、態(tài)度，如：glad, happy, pleased, lucky, sorry, sad, upset, ready,

52、careful, surprised。 誤 I'm too glad for seeing you. 正 I'm too glad to see you. 析 這句話不能按照tooto的句型翻譯為：我太高興了以至于不想見你。而應(yīng)譯為：見到你太高興了。又如：She is too honest to tell the truth 應(yīng)譯為：她很誠實，不會不講實話。 誤 Tom is too young not to join the army. 正 Tom is too young to join the army. 析 這是tooto的正常用法，太如何如何以至于不能如何。 誤 I

53、went to the hospital for seeing my old friend. He was ill in hospital. 正 I went to the hospital to see my old friend. He was ill in hospital. 析 在句中表示某動作的目的時，要用不定式而不能用for加動名詞。 誤 Could you help me to find a chair to sit. 正 Could you help me to find a chair to sit on. 析 當(dāng)不定式作后置定語時，將不定式放于名詞之后。如果不定式中的動詞是

54、不及物動詞，則其后面的介詞不要省略。如：I sat on the chair. 這樣的用法還有：I want to find a room to live in. I want to find a pen to write with. 誤 When mother was about leaving the baby cried suddenly. 正 When mother was about to leave the baby cried suddenly. 析 be about to 是表達(dá)較近的即將發(fā)生的動作，可用來表示將來時，或按計劃、安排的事。 誤 This work is diff

55、icult to be done. 正 This work is difficult to do. 析 在不定式作賓語時，下列情況常用主動語態(tài)表示被動。 句子的主語即是不定式動作的執(zhí)行者，如：I have a lot of letters to write. 句中的賓語是不定式中動作的執(zhí)行者，如：Could you find me a job to do? 在形容詞之后的不定式，如：English is difficult to learn. 誤 Would you like to see a film with us? Yes, I'd love. 正 Would you like

56、to see a film with us? Yes, I'd love to. 析 在口語簡答語中要將不定式符號保留，如： I had to (不得不作) I'm going to (打算作) I used to (過去習(xí)慣作) I'd love to (喜歡作) I hope to (希望作某事) I'll be glad to (高興作) 誤 Did you see someone to do this work for me? 正 Did you see someone do this work for me? 析 在感觀動詞之后常接不帶to的不定式。這

57、些詞是see, look at, watch, hear, listen to, feel, notice。 誤 He was seen prepare this car. 正 He was seen to prepare this car. 析 在被動語態(tài)中要將主動語態(tài)句中省去的不定式還原回來。 誤 Please Let my child to try it again. 正 Please Let my child try it again. 析 在make, have, let后加不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 誤 Why not to do it again? 正 Why not do it again? 析 Why not, you'd better 后接不帶to的不定式，如：You'd better go.但要注意的是它的否定式是You'd better not go. 誤 When he heard the news he coul