小學(xué)英語知識(shí)

1、 小學(xué)六年級(jí)英語講義(III) 慧 通 培 訓(xùn) 學(xué) 校 編著教師：Miss Li 學(xué) 員：_聲明：此講義為慧通培訓(xùn)學(xué)校自主研發(fā)項(xiàng)目，其它任何教師、任何地方不得使用目 錄Section 1 小學(xué)英語詞匯和句型復(fù)習(xí)Section 2 基礎(chǔ)語法鞏固和拓展(III)Section 3 小學(xué)英語單項(xiàng)選擇專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練Section 4 小學(xué)英語閱讀專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練Section 5 小學(xué)英語知識(shí)鞏固和延伸訓(xùn)練Section 6 小學(xué)英語連詞成句專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練題Section 7 知識(shí)檢測和畢業(yè)測試題訓(xùn)練Section 8 朗文SIDE BY SIDE第四冊(cè)課文精選Section 9 能力拓展：完型填空（初中題型了解，選作）

2、劉老師對(duì)你說：小學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語，本是很好的一件事。對(duì)于孩子整體素質(zhì)的提高，思想見識(shí)的拓展，各科知識(shí)的延伸，都是有積極意義的。小學(xué)階段的孩子的英語學(xué)習(xí)，受制于家長的學(xué)習(xí)理念和培養(yǎng)孩子的意識(shí)目標(biāo)。所以對(duì)于學(xué)習(xí)英語，我希望大家都要明白：英語學(xué)習(xí)是個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)的循序漸進(jìn)的過程，不是急功近利的工具。切忌將孩子的英語學(xué)習(xí)帶進(jìn)誤區(qū)。 1）小學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語誤區(qū)一：英語學(xué)習(xí)要立竿見影，學(xué)習(xí)幾個(gè)月要見到效果。建議：語言的學(xué)習(xí)是循序漸進(jìn)的積累的過程，家長應(yīng)該避免英語速成思維：學(xué)習(xí)母語（漢語）為例，漢語的學(xué)習(xí)不可能短期速成，需要由易到難，由簡到繁的過程和規(guī)律。所以，循序漸進(jìn)的學(xué)習(xí)過程，才能真正地學(xué)習(xí)好語言。英語學(xué)習(xí)，更是如此，

3、才能逐步提高語言水平。學(xué)習(xí)英語就像練習(xí)一種樂器，只有反復(fù)練習(xí)，才能夠達(dá)到熟能生巧的水平。每當(dāng)孩子學(xué)會(huì)一個(gè)英語單詞、一個(gè)短語，需要通過日常生活和學(xué)習(xí)過程中進(jìn)行靈活運(yùn)用。這樣學(xué)以致用、反復(fù)練習(xí)，英語水平才有可能提高！2）小學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語誤區(qū)二：英語學(xué)習(xí)就是背單詞。建議：學(xué)習(xí)英語的首要目的不是背單詞，而是擴(kuò)展詞匯的接觸和了解，積少成多：英語作為語言是拿來應(yīng)用，所以語言的運(yùn)用和理解，是最主要的。背單詞不是首要任務(wù)，重要的是需要孩子在全英語的語境當(dāng)中學(xué)習(xí)單詞、擴(kuò)充詞匯量，這樣才能開展英語內(nèi)容的學(xué)習(xí)。詞匯的掌握，不是看孩子背會(huì)多少，而是看他們見過多少，能用多少，理解多少。詞不離短語，短語不離句，才是學(xué)習(xí)詞匯

4、的好思路。3）小學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語誤區(qū)三：在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)了英語，回到家就應(yīng)該會(huì)說會(huì)寫。建議：英語學(xué)習(xí)良好的語言學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境很重要，周邊自然環(huán)境和人文環(huán)境對(duì)孩子的英語思維形成具有很大的影響。：孩子在系統(tǒng)化的英語學(xué)習(xí)氛圍中進(jìn)行英語學(xué)習(xí)，會(huì)有不同的學(xué)習(xí)感想和效果。在這種學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境中進(jìn)行交流、表達(dá)趣味學(xué)習(xí)與活動(dòng)，快樂學(xué)習(xí)等特點(diǎn)，對(duì)孩子學(xué)習(xí)英語幫助很大。而在沒有英語學(xué)習(xí)氣氛的環(huán)境中，孩子對(duì)于英語的輸出就會(huì)出現(xiàn)障礙甚至空白，所以，家長要明確這點(diǎn)，對(duì)孩子的學(xué)習(xí)輸出的感覺要盡量自然，盡可能給孩子一個(gè)英語的環(huán)境和感受，才能刺激孩子對(duì)于英語的反映和積累量。 4）小學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語誤區(qū)四：學(xué)習(xí)英語的興趣，要一直很高，才是理想的狀態(tài)。建

5、議：英語的學(xué)習(xí)最佳狀態(tài)是將英語的學(xué)習(xí)當(dāng)成了一個(gè)積累的過程，當(dāng)成了學(xué)習(xí)中的一種享受的過程，因?yàn)樽孕牛『⒆觽儗?duì)于任何事物的興趣，都是在開始接觸時(shí)，會(huì)很明顯，隨著時(shí)間的延續(xù)，興趣的保持需要孩子自身的非智力因素的發(fā)展，需要家長的支持和鼓勵(lì)，需要孩子接觸這個(gè)事物中經(jīng)歷過的一些過程的積極影響，等等。所以，尤其在孩子學(xué)習(xí)英語的過程中，無論是家長還是老師，要給孩子充分的信任和支持，還有必要的引導(dǎo)和激勵(lì)，來保證孩子能對(duì)英語的學(xué)習(xí)有個(gè)正確的觀點(diǎn)，那就是-英語是個(gè)積累的過程，需要堅(jiān)持和學(xué)習(xí)的毅力，更需要孩子自己對(duì)自己的信心。英語是門工具學(xué)科，學(xué)習(xí)它是為了有一天要用到它，所以只要耐心地去堅(jiān)持學(xué)習(xí)，就一定能對(duì)它的興趣愈

6、來愈濃，從而自己的信心會(huì)更加強(qiáng)的！ Section 1 小學(xué)詞匯和短語學(xué)習(xí)（自學(xué)，提高，拓寬）Part I 小學(xué)英語詞匯歸類復(fù)習(xí)(1) NumbersWords: one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety, a hundred補(bǔ)充：

7、one hundred and sixty-two, thousand, million句型：1. -What's the number? - It's 110. (It's the number four.)2. -What's your phone number? -My phone number is 879654.3. -How many girls can you see? -Let me count, 1, 2.I can see 5 girls.4. -What's five and five? -Five and five is ten.

8、5. -What's 3 minus 2?-It's one.6. -How many desks are there?-There are 12 desks.7. -How many red thing are there?-Six.8. -How many shoes are there in twenty-six pairs?9. -How many money has Pat got?10. -How much is it? -It's 3 Yuan.11. -How much are they?-They are 22 Yuan 15 Fen.12. Do t

9、he numbers rock.13. Fred, guess the number.14. Twelve is two plus ten.15. His favourite number is ninety-nine.16. He eats 33 bananas for breakfast/lunch/dinner.(2) ToysWords: car, balloon, doll, skateboard, train, boat, ball, frog, bike, plane, crocodile, cartoon and kite.補(bǔ)充：model ship, yoyo, drum,

10、robber, mask句型：1. What's this?-My new skateboard.2. Draw a plane, please.3. Bob has got a boat.4. Take a ball.5. You hear a plane.6. Throw the ball to your friend.7. The ball comes back.1. ColoursWords: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, brown, pink, black, purple, white, gray, silver補(bǔ)充：golden, v

11、iolet, grass green, chocolate, pale句型：1. Paint the plane blue and white.2. The ball is yellow.3. Make Pat's milk blue.4. -What colour is this?-It's white.5. -What colour is it?-It's blue.6. -Colour it red, please.-Ok.7. I like pink(and yellow).8. -Green, please.-Here you are.9. -What'

12、;s my(your)favourite colour?Is it blue? -No,no no. -Is it white? -Yes, that's right.10. My favourite colour is blue.11. -What colour do you like?-I like red best.(4) School thingsWords: pen, pencil, pencil case, schoolbag, book, ruler, eraser, skipping rope, computer, glue補(bǔ)充：sharpener, paintbrus

13、h, scissors, crayon, coloured pencil, ink, ball pen, pencil-box句型：1. -Pit, what colour is your pen? - My pen is blue.2. There's a caterpillar on your desk. It craws on(over) your desk(book).3. Open your schoolbag(pencil case).4. Put in your books(pencils).5. See you tomorrow.6. -What's this

14、in English? -It's a pen.7. Take out a ruler.8. Where's my pencil case?9. -How many pens have you got? - I've got two pens.(Only one.)(5) My classroom and my roomWords: window, door, board, desk, chair, floor, bag, curtain, TV, lamp, in, on, under, behind, in front of, mirror, sofa, wardr

15、obe, picture, light補(bǔ)充：fan, word map, stool, chalk, recorder, flag句型：1. Open the door, please.2. Close the window, Nick.3. Clean the board, Bob.4. Put your book on the desk.5. In our (happy) classroom.6. The floor is brown.7. The window are green, too.8. Let's go home.9. -What colour are the chai

16、rs? - They're yellow.10. - How many desks are there? 11. What colour is the door?12. There is a blue bag on the desk.13. There are three green chairs.14. Put it under the teacher's desk.15. Is there a cat behind the curtains?16. Her ruler is orange.17. - Where's my pencil? - Look under t

17、he wardrobe.(6) FoodsWords: cornflakes, milk, toast, jam, tea, (orange)juice, ham, honey, butter, sausage, rice, bread, egg, pizza, spaghetti, fish, hamburger, sandwich, hot dog, cheese, hot chocolate, cola, bean, French fries, chicken, noodle, steamed bread, porridge, dumpling, pork, beef, potato,

18、water 補(bǔ)充：words of vegetable and local foods句型：1. What's for breakfast? I'm hungry.2. I love breakfast.3. I like tea. What about you?4. I don't like juice.5. Maria likes cheese and spaghetti.6. -Do you like apples? -No, I don't. (Yes, I do.)7. -What do you like?8. Can I have an ice cr

19、eam, please?9. No ice cream on the bus.10. What's your favourite food?-My favourite food is beef.11. I'm going to buy.12. What do we need?13. I can bring the breed.14. Sophia can you bring some orange juice?(7) SnacksWords:popcorn, ice cream, lollipop, chocolate, apple, orange, banana, pear,

20、 plum, chewing gum補(bǔ)充：grape, pineapple, peach, pie, biscuits句型：A. -Can I have a lollipop?-Here you are.B. -Have some chocolate.-Thank you.C. Lots of lollipops(popcorn).D. Oh!My tummy!E. Have an apple.F. Yummy!(8) Pets and animalsWords:caterpillar, cat, dog, mouse, budgie, hamster, frog, fish, butterf

21、ly, snail, snake, lion, pig, cow, hippo, fox, wolf, sheep, duck, crocodile, elephant, tiger, horse, zebra, rabbit, monkey, spider, bear, hare, bird, hen, snowy owl, arctic hare, arctic fox, polar bear, seal, lemming補(bǔ)充：eagle, bee, deer, ox, lamb, rooster, puppy, kitty句型：1. -Have you got a pet?-Yes,I

22、have.2. -What have you got?-A cat and a dog.3. Julia's cat is black and white.4. Fly like a budgie.5. -How many mice are there?-Six.6. Does it live in(on).7. Has it got two legs?8. Does it eat grasses?9. Is it a tiger?10. Are you all right?(9) The days and the weekWords:Monday, Tuesday, Wednesda

23、y, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday句型：1. -What's your favourite day?-My favourite day is Sunday.2. She paints a red budgie on Monday.(10) ClothesWords:T-shirt, shirt, jeans, cap, dress, socks, sweater, pullover, shoes, trainers, skirt, shorts, hat, blouse, tie, trousers, uniform, blazer, ca

24、rdigan, cycle helmet補(bǔ)充：jacket, vest句型：1. Do you like my new uniform? I think they look nice.2. Boring! I don't like them.3. My favourite T-shirt is blue.4. Mike is wearing a green cap.and brown shoes.5. Put on your jeans.6. What am I wearing?1. Happy birthdayWords:birthday card, party, present,

25、補(bǔ)充：candle句型:1. -When is Toby's birthday?-In January,February,March?.No,please remember : it's in December.2. My birthday is in May.3. Stamp your feet and clap your hands.Snap your fingers,turn around.4. Happy birthday!5. When is your birthday, Lisa?6. Amy's birthday is in June.7. What a

26、lovely cake!8. Here's a present for you.(12) FeelingsWords:happy, sad, tired, angry, scared, hungry, thirsty, 句型：1. Toby's sad.2. He cries/smiles/stamps his feet/goes to sleep.3. He is scared.4. -How are you feeling today?-I'm angry.(13) BodyWords:hair, ear, leg, foot, nose, toe, arm, fa

27、ce, mouth, tooth, knee, finger, big, small, head, pirate補(bǔ)充：shoulder, thumb句型:1. Shake your hair.2. Touch your mouth.3.Show your teeth.4.Bend your knees.5. Stand nose to nose.6.He's got a red nose,a small pink mouth.big hands.7.Here's your prize.8.Look at your legs.(14) Sports and holidayWord

28、s and phases:play table tennis, play the piano, stand in your head, play football, swim, roller blade, ski, ride a horse, sing, dance, skate, ride a bike, paint a picture, watch TV, eat pizza, eat chicken, play the guitar, read, write, listen, talk, work補(bǔ)充：basketball, violin句型：1. He/She can sing.2.

29、I can't ski.3. Stephen can . and he can't.4. -Can you.?-Yes, I can./No, I can't.5. There are.children can., .Children can't.6. Nick is painting a picture.7. The pig and the wolf are playing the table tennis.1. TimeWords:clock, o'clock, craze, minute, athlete,cyclist,famous,from,k

30、ilometer,mail,send補(bǔ)充：second句型：1. -What time is it?/What's the time?-It's nine o'clock.2. It's half past four.3. It's quarter past eight.4. How often can you jump in a minute? Go! Stop. 26 times.1. FondsWords:sport, music句型:1. He/She likes.2. Linder and Terry are my beat friends.3

31、. He /She's ten years old.4. His favourite . Is .(17) GamesWords: triangle, circle, rectangle, square補(bǔ)充：star句型：1. How many circles are there?2. Can you find a frog in the desk?(18) MascotsWords:ring, shells, friendship, band, silver, bells, necklace, soft toys句型：1. My room is full of mascots.The

32、re are mascots everywhere.2. In picture A there are 3 pink elephant on the desk.3. Juiet has got a .4. Have you got a new car?Yes, I have./No, I haven't.5. I have got a schoolbag.(19) JobsWords:spaceman,pony,castle,dust,key, lock, monster,never, often, path, pond, prince,sometimes,suddenly, 句型：1

33、. I/He/She often/sometimes/never dream of/that.2. I get up/go to school/have lunch/have sport/go home/do homework at 7.3. I have 4 classes in the morning.（20） CollectionsWords:comic, postcard, autograph, football, picture, stamp, stick, collect, thief句型：1. I want.2. Angela collects . and . ,she does

34、n't collect .3. Jane, what do you collect?4. Wow! That's a lot!(21)Words：across, also, Arctic, build, cannot, cold, dark, daytime, fur, granddad, grandma, group, hill, Hunt, inside, lake, life, make, playground, top, tunnel, warm, winter句型：1. What's over there?2. What's he doing over

35、 there?(22) TelevisionWords:anything, cartoon, detective, interesting, television, true, science fiction, film, programme, romantic, nature補(bǔ)充：channel句型:1. What do you watch, Robert?2. I often watch cartoons and detective films.I never watch science fiction films.3. The nature programme begins at .4.

36、 My father and mother sometimes watch romantic films.(23) In townWords and phrases:building, bus stop, church, police station, museum, train station, tourist office, far, hospital, post office, town, left, right, straight, ahead, opposite, next, on the side of句型：1. -Excuse me,where is the train stat

37、ion?-Go straight ahead.2. Mr. Black lives opposite Mr. Green.3. Mr. Grey does not live on Mr. White's side of the street. Section 2 小學(xué)基礎(chǔ)語法鞏固和拓展(III)1  be動(dòng)詞Be 動(dòng)詞的用法：(1) Am-was Is -was Are-were 口訣：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，復(fù)數(shù)全用are。(2) 肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not

38、) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small.(3) 一般疑問句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you arent. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they arent. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isnt.用恰當(dāng)?shù)腷e動(dòng)詞填空。1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. 2. The girl_ Jack's sister.3. Th

39、e dog _ tall and fat. 4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher.5. _ your brother in the classroom? 6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home.7. How _ your father? 8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school.9. Whose dress _ this? 10. Whose socks _ they?11. That _ my red skirt. 12. Who _ I?13.The jeans _ on the desk. 14

40、. Here _ a scarf for you.15. Here _ some sweaters for you. 16. The black gloves _ for Su Yang.17. This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling. 18. The two cups of milk _ for me.19. Some tea _ in the glass. 20. Gao Shan's shirt _ over there.21. My sister's name _Nancy. 22. This _ not Wang Fang's

41、pencil.23. _ David and Helen from England? 24. There _ a girl in the room.25. There _ some apples on the tree. 26. _ there any kites in the classroom?27. _ there any apple juice in the bottle? 28. There _ some bread on the plate.29. There _ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.30. Y

42、ou, he and I _ from China.2 名詞復(fù)數(shù)和動(dòng)詞三單一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives5不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)： man-men,

43、woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese3 There be 句型與have, hasThere be 句型與have, has的區(qū)別1、There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）2、在there be 句型中，主語是單數(shù)，be 動(dòng)詞用is ; 主語是復(fù)數(shù)，be 動(dòng)詞用are ; 如有幾件物品，b

44、e 動(dòng)詞根據(jù)最*近be 動(dòng)詞的那個(gè)名詞決定。3、there be 句型的否定句在be 動(dòng)詞后加not , 一般疑問句把be 動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。4、there be句型與have(has) 的區(qū)別：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人擁有某物。5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的運(yùn)用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑問句。 6、and 和or 在there be句型中的運(yùn)用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑問句。7、針對(duì)數(shù)量提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是： How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there + 介詞短語？

45、 How much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + is there + 介詞短語？8、針對(duì)主語提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是： Whats + 介詞短語？Fill in the blank with “have,has”or “there is , there are”1. I_a good father and a good mother. 2. _a telescope on the desk.3. He_a tape-recorder. 4. _a basketball in the playground.5. She_some dresses. 6. They_a nice garden.7. W

46、hat do you_? 8. _a reading-room in the building?9. What does Mike_? 10. _any books in the bookcase?11. My father_a story-book. 12. _a story-book on the table.13. _any flowers in the vase? 14. How many students_in the classroom?15. My parents_some nice pictures. 16. _some maps on the wall.17. _a map

47、of the world on the wall. 18. David_a telescope.19. Davids friends_some tents. 20. _many children on the hill.Fill in the blank with “ have, has ”1. I_ a nice puppet. 2. He_a good friend.3. They_ some masks. 4. We_some flowers.5. She_ a duck. 6. My father_ a new bike.7. Her mother_a vase. 8. Our tea

48、cher_ an English book.9. Our teachers_a basketball. 10. Their parents_some blankets.11. Nancy_many skirts. 12. David_some jackets.13. My friends_a football. 14. What do you_?15. What does Mike_? 16. What do your friends_?17. What does Helen_? 18. His brother_a basketball.19. Her sister_a nice doll.

49、20. Miss Li_an English book.3. 句型一、陳述句定義：凡是說明一件事情，提出一個(gè)看法，或是表達(dá)一種心情的句子都是陳述句。大多數(shù)的句子都是陳述句，陳述句可以用肯定式和否定式?？隙ň渥兎穸ň?肯定句變否定句就是加not no 或表示否定的詞；英語的句子重要取決于動(dòng)詞而動(dòng)詞又有時(shí)態(tài)的變化因此在不同的時(shí)態(tài)的句子中的位置不同時(shí)態(tài)具體句型句子構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞做謂語主語+be (am/is / are )+not+其他+.實(shí)意動(dòng)詞做謂語主語+dont/doesnt +其他+.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+實(shí)意動(dòng)詞主語+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+not +動(dòng)詞原形+其他+.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)詞做謂語主語+be動(dòng)詞(am

50、/is /are)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他+.陳述句練習(xí):把下列陳述句變成否定句:1.My father watches TV every day . My father _ _ TV every day .2.Kate often does her homework at six . Kate _ often _ her homework at six.3.I go to school at seven . I _ _ to school at seven .4.She usually goes home by bus . She _ usually _ home by bus .5.They ar

51、e good students .They _ _ good students .6.He is clever . He _ _ clever .7.He has some bread for breakfast every morning . He _ _ _ bread for breakfast every morning . 8.I often drink some tea in the afternoon . I _ often _ _ tea in the afternoon .9.He has some eggs . He _ _ _ eggs .10.Kim likes his

52、 new bike . Kim _ _ his new bike .二、疑問句疑問句是用來提出問題的，疑問句又包括：一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、反義疑問句和選擇疑問句。一、一般疑問句：1.一般疑問句又可以叫做yes/no句型，需要用yes或no來回答。2.一般疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)詞（am, is, are）+主語+表語？have動(dòng)詞（表示“有”：have, has）+主語+賓語？情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（can, may, must）+主語+行為動(dòng)詞（或be）?助動(dòng)詞(do, does)+主語+行為動(dòng)詞？助動(dòng)詞（shall, will, have, has）+主語+行為動(dòng)詞（或be）?3.變一般疑問句的方法：（一調(diào)，二變，三問號(hào)）當(dāng)句中有Be(am, is, are)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候：1、將Be(am, is, are)提前，放于句首（大寫）；2、將人稱變換，第一人稱變第二人稱（Iyou, weyou, myyour, ouryour），第二人稱變第一人稱（youI,youwe,yourmy,yourour），第三人稱不變（一變二，二變一，三不變）3、在句尾加問號(hào)“？”4、回答： 肯定： Yes , 主語+be. 否定： No, 主語+be+not.當(dāng)句中沒有Be動(dòng)詞， 有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候：1、提前can, may，放于句