高考英語考點典型陷阱題分析-動詞用法

1、高考英語考點典型陷阱題分析-動詞用法動詞用法與辨析 典型陷阱題分析1. If you want to sell your product you must _ it.A. advertise                            B. advertise forC. advertise on 

2、                       D. advertise to【陷阱】容易誤選B，認為 advertise 的意思是“做廣告”，advertise for 的意思“為做廣告”?！痉治觥渴聦嵣希_答案為A。advertise 可用作及物和不及物動詞：用作及物動詞時，其意為“為做廣告”、“登廣告宣傳”；用作不及物動詞時，其意為“做廣告”、“登廣告”，此時通常后接介詞

3、 for，表示“做廣告征求”。比較： advertise for sth (sb) 登廣告征求或尋找某物或某人 (此時 advertise 不及物)advertise sth 為登廣告，登廣告宣傳(此時 advertise 是及物動詞，其后要直接跟被宣傳的東西作賓語)People advertise things that they wish to sell. 人們?yōu)橐u的東西登廣告。The manager wants to advertise for a new secretary. 經(jīng)理想登廣告招聘一位新秘書。再比較以下用例：advertise jobs 登廣告招人advertise fo

4、r jobs 登廣告求職2. No matter how much youve learned and how high a standard of education you have had, you must _ the people heart and soul.A. serve                          

5、       B. serve forC. serve to                              D. serve on【陷阱】容易誤選B，即字對字地翻譯漢語的“全心全意為人民服務”，將其中的“為”譯為 for?！痉治觥看鸢高xA

6、，serve 意為“為服務”，可直接用作及物動詞，其后不能按漢語意思誤加介詞 for。請看以下類似例子：(1) I _ you yesterday, but you werent in. A. rang                B. rang toC. rang with              &#

7、160;            D. rang to答案選A，ring 可以用作及物動詞，表示“給打電話”，故其后不用介詞。(2) Neither of her parents wanted her to _ her cousin.A. marry                    &

8、#160;           B. marry toC. marry with                         D. marry for答案選A，marry 可用作及物或不及物動詞，用作及物動詞時它的意思“與結婚”，而不僅僅是“結婚”，也就是

9、說，后接賓語時，無需用介詞 to, with 等。(3) How can I _ you, Mr. Green?A. contact                               B. contact withC. contact to    &

10、#160;                      D. contact for答案選A，contact 為及物動詞，表示“與聯(lián)系”，其后不接介詞。3. According to the rules, students must not _ their books during examinations.A. read     

11、0;           B. watchC. notice                                D. look at【陷阱】容易誤選A。因為按照英語一般習慣：看書

12、看報用動詞 read，看電視用動詞watch，看電影用動詞see，看比賽用動詞watch，看黑板用動詞look at，等等。【分析】一般說來，漢語的“看書”至少有兩層意思，一是指閱讀性地看書，即看書讀書，此時通常用動詞read；另一種看書則不是指閱讀性地看書，而只是大概地翻一翻或看一看，比如看看書的封面、定價、內(nèi)容提要等，或者回答問題時看看書的某些章節(jié)或字句以及考試時偷看書本等等，此時通常都不宜用動詞read，而應根據(jù)情況選用其他動詞(如 look at)。又如：Let me have a look at the book. 讓我看看或翻翻這本書。Please answer my questi

13、ons without looking at your books. 請不看書回答我的問題。4. “I love traveling. I hope to go with you this time.” “But does your mother _ you to go?”A. let                   B. agreeC. allow     &#

14、160;                           D. promise【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢笧镃。不能選A是因為 let 后用作賓語補足語的不定式不能帶 to；不能選B是因為動詞 agree 習慣上不用于 agree sb to do sth 這一句式；不能選D是因為在 promise sb to d

15、o sth 這一句式中，to do sth 的邏輯主語是 promise 的主語而不其是賓語，比如 He promised me to go 的意思是“他答應我，他去”，而不是“他答應我讓我去”。之所以能選C，是因為 allow sb to do sth（允許某人做某事）與上文語境剛好吻合。5. If they _ to make heart-felt apologies soon we will have to bring an action against them.A. disagreed        &#

16、160;                  B. refusedC. agreed                             

17、   D. hoped【陷阱】容易誤選A，根據(jù) agree to do sth(同意做某事)，想當然地類推出 disagree to do sth(不同意或不愿意做某事)?！痉治觥渴聦嵣?，語言有很多問題是不能類推的，如上面這一例，英語可說 agree to do sth，但習慣上卻不說 disagree to do sth。類似地，英語中可說 like doing to do sth，但在現(xiàn)代英語中習慣上說 dislike doing sth，卻不說dislike to do sth。其實上面一題的最佳答案是B，refuse to do sth 意為“拒絕做某事”或“不愿做

18、某事”。6. They own two cars, not to _ a motorbike.A. speak                                 B. sayC. talk      

19、60;           D. mention【陷阱】很容易根據(jù)“他們擁有兩輛小汽車，更不用說一輛摩托車了”這一中文語境而選擇B?！痉治觥科鋵嵶罴汛鸢笧镈。因為not to say 和 not to mention 均為習語，但其含義區(qū)別甚大：not to mention更不用說，此外還有not to say雖不能說，即使不能說It is warm, not to say hot. 天氣雖說不上熱，但也夠暖了。He was impolite, not to say rude. 他即使不是粗魯，

20、至少也是沒有禮貌。Therere ten of us ready to help, not to mention the children. 我們有10個人愿意幫忙，還不算小孩。They have three dogs to look after, not to mention the cat and the bird. 他們有三只狗要照顧，更別提那只貓和鳥了。7. “Do your parents agree to your doing that?” “Yes, of course. In fact, they always _ me to try something new.”A. hop

21、e                B. suggestC. support                              D. encourage

22、【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。因為若僅從漢語意思來看，四個選項均可填入空格處。【分析】其實此題的正解答案是D。因為在以上四個選項中，只有encourage 可后接不定式的復合結構作賓語，即可用于 encourage sb to do sth，而其余三者均不可后接不定式的復合結構作賓語，即英語中習慣上不說 hope sb to do sth, suggest sb to do sth, support sb to do sth。順便說一句，以下英漢語表達也有類似差別，請注意：漢語說“希望某人做某事”，但英語不說 hope sb to do sth。漢語說“同意某人做某事”，但英語不說 agre

23、e sb to do sth。漢語說“不同意某人做某事”，但英語不說disagree sb to do sth。漢語說“害怕某人做某事”，但英語不說 fear sb to do sth。漢語說“拒絕某人做某事”，但英語不說 refuse sb to do sth。漢語說“懲罰某人做某事”，但英語不說 punish sb to do sth。漢語說“建議某人做某事”，但英語不說 suggest sb to do sth。漢語說“建議某人做某事”，但英語不說 propose sb to do sth。漢語說“贊成某人做某事”，但英語不說 approve sb to do sth。漢語說“安排某人做

24、某事”，但英語不說 arrange sb to do sth。漢語說“要求某人做某事”，但英語不說 demand sb to do sth。漢語說“感謝某人做某事”，但英語不說 thank sb to do sth。漢語說“指導某人做某事”，但英語不說 guide sb to do sth。漢語說“祝賀某人做某事”，但英語不說 congratulate sb to do sth。漢語說“阻止某人做某事”，但英語不說 prevent sb to do sth。漢語說“通知某人做某事”，但英語不說 inform sb to do sth。漢語說“歡迎某人做某事”，但英語不說 welcome sb

25、to do sth。漢語說“陪伴某人做某事”，但英語不說 accompany sb to do sth。要表示以上漢語意思，英語需改用其他說法。如：advise sb to do sth 建議某人做某事wish sb to do sth / hope for sb to do sth 希望某人做某事arrnage for sb to do sth 安排某人做某事demand of sb to do sth 要求某人做某事thank sb for doing sth 感謝某人做了某事congratulate sb on doing sth 祝賀某人做了某事prevent sb from doin

26、g sth 阻止某人做某事等等。8. Nowadays everyone hopes to _ good education so as to get a good job in the future.A. accept                                B.

27、accept aC. receive                               D. receive a【陷阱】容易誤選A或B。因為accept 與 receive 的基本區(qū)別是前者表示“接受”，后者表示“收到”，而漢語通常是說“接受教育”，而不是說“收到教育”，所以選A或B，【分

28、析】其實上，此題的正確答案是D，因為英語中習慣說 receive a good education，而不說 accept a good education。另外，education 表示抽象意義的“教育”時，不可數(shù)，但表示“一種教育”或“一段教育”時，可與不定冠詞連用。9. Wearing dark glasses can _ your eyes from the sun.A. care                 B. preve

29、ntC. defend                               D. protect【陷阱】容易誤選B。因為許多同學一看到題干中的 from，再聯(lián)系到選項中的 prevent，便馬上想起了 prevent from 這個常用搭配?！痉治觥吭?prevent A from B 這一

30、句式中，A 和 B通常具有主謂關系，如在The rain prevented us from going out (下雨使我們不能出去)中，“我們”與“出去”就具有主謂關系。而上面一題不具備此特點。此題正確答案應是 D，protect from 意為“保護免受”。10. Mr. Smith was in great need of money, so he _ $2 000 for his car. A. paid               &

31、#160; B. tookC. cost                 D. spent【陷阱】容易誤選A，誤選的依據(jù)是pay for 這一搭配?！痉治觥咳魡为氄f He paid $2 000 for the car (他付了2 000美元買這車)是完全可以的，但問題是，本句前面有這樣一句He was in great need of money (他急需要錢)，既然是“急需要錢”，又怎么還會花2000美元去買車呢？尤其還需注意的是

32、car 前的物主代詞 his，這說明是為自己的車花2000美元錢，不合情理。此題的正確答案是B，take 在此表示“獲得”、“得到”，句意為“他急需要錢，把自己的車以2000美元給賣掉了”。11. There are many kinds _, but I dont know which to buy.A. to be chosen                      

33、B. to choose fromC. to choose                            D. for choosing【陷阱】此題容易誤選C。【分析】其實應選B。choose 表示“選擇”，其實是指“選擇出來”(pick out)，而不是指“從選擇”，要表示后者的意思，要用 choose from，有時

34、也用 choose among。同樣地，下面兩例中的介詞 from 也不可省略：Here are some dictionaries for you choose from. 這些詞典可供你選擇。In fact, there are various colors to choose from. 事實上，有各種各樣的顏色可供選擇。比較：He chose a red one. 他選了一個紅色的。He chose from some red ones. 他從一些紅色的當中去選。He didnt know which to choose. 他不知道選哪個。He didnt know which to

35、choose from. 他不知道從哪個當中去選。請做以下試題(答案選D)：(1) “We have sent out two best players to the sports meet. What about you?” “Well, not yet. We have few _, Id say.”A. chosen                       

36、        B. to chooseC. to be chosen                       D. to choose from(2) “Id like to buy an expensive camera.” “Well, we have several models _.”A. to

37、 pick up                          B. to pickC. to choose                    

38、;        D. to choose from12. I _ him not to go abroad, but he wouldnt listen.A. persuaded                           B. tried to persua

39、deC. have persuaded                   D. was persuaded【陷阱】容易誤選A?！痉治觥空_答案為B。persuade 的真正意思是“說服”，而不是“設法說服”，要表示后者的意思英語應用 try to persuade (當然也可用其他詞，如 advise 等)。類似地：(1) kill 的意思是“殺死”，不表示“設法殺死”，要表示后者的意思英語用 try to kil

40、l。(2) prevent 的意思是“阻止”，不表示“設法阻止”，要表示后者的意思英語用 try to prevent。13. When she came several days later, she found that all things still _ where she had _ them. A. lay; laid                      &#

41、160;      B. laid; laidC. lay; lain                             D. lying; lain【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。【分析】正確答案選A。第一空填lay，它是lie(位于，在)的過去式 lay；第二

42、空 laid，它是 lay(放，置)的過去分詞，句意為“她發(fā)現(xiàn)所有東西還在她當時放它們的地方”。請注意 lie, lay 的以下用法及詞形變換：(1) lay 有兩個常見意思：一是表示“放”、“擺”(及物)，二是表示“下(蛋)”(及物或不及物)。如：Lay your coat on the bed. 把你的外衣放在床上。Are your hens laying yet? 你的母雞下蛋了嗎？ Will you please lay the table for dinner? 請你擺好餐具準備吃飯好嗎?(2) lie 有三個主要意思：一是表示“躺”或“平放”，二是表示“位于”，三是表示“說謊”。用

43、于以上三義時，均為不及物動詞。如：Dont lie in bed all morning. 別一個上午都躺在床上。The book lay open on the desk. 那本書攤開著放在桌上。Dont lay your coat on the bed. 不要把你的外衣放在床上。The small town lies among the mountains. 小鎮(zhèn)位于群山之中。Im sorry I lied to you. 我很抱歉向你撒了謊。(3) 這兩個詞經(jīng)常被混淆的有時不是其意思，而是其詞形。注意下表所示：單詞-意思-現(xiàn)在分詞-過去式-過去分詞lie-躺，位于(vi.)-lying-

44、lay-lainlie-說謊(vi.)-lying-lied-liedlay-放(vt.)，下蛋(vi.&vt.)-laying-laid-laid請做下題(答案均為B)：(1) The hens _ 50 eggs last week, but this week they arent _.A. lay, lying                      

45、0;    B. laid, layingC. lay, laying                          D. lied, lying(2) The girl _ on the ground _ to me that had _ the purse on the desk.A. lying, lay,

46、laid                    B. lying, lied, laidC. lie, lied, lay                        D. la

47、y, lied, lain 14. He _ a visit to the factory and was warmly _ by the workers there.A. took, welcome                    B. took, welcomedC. paid, welcome        

48、0;           D. paid, welcomed【陷阱】容易誤選A或C。因為許多同學會模仿 come came come 的變化形式，想當然地認為 welcome的變化形式是 welcome welcame welcome?！痉治觥看祟}第一空應填動詞 paid，因為 pay a visit to（拜訪）是慣用搭配，其中的 pay 不能換成take。第二空要填welcomed，因為welcome 用作動詞時，其過去式和過去分詞均為 welcomed，即它是規(guī)則動詞。有的同學也許會問，我

49、們不是常說 You are welcome 嗎? 為什么其中的 welcome 未用 welcomed 呢？那是因為此處的 welcome 為形容詞，而不是動詞。15. The boy said that the fish his mother cooked tasted _.A. good                B. wellC. to be good       &

50、#160;                  D. to be well【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。【分析】按英語語法，連系動詞后通常接形容詞作表語，而不接副詞，據(jù)此可以排除選項B和D。但到底是應選A還是C呢？許多同學憑感覺認為 taste to be good 似乎很通順，于是選了C。但是，錯了，正確答案應是A。原因是用作連系動詞的 taste 后習慣上不接to be。如：這棵樹上的蘋果味道很好。正：The apples

51、 from this tree taste delicious. 誤：The apples from this tree taste to be delicious.類似地，feel, smell, sound 等連系動詞后習慣上也不接不定式 to be。如：你的想法聽起來很好。正：Your idea sounds a good one.誤：Your idea sounds to be a good one.玫瑰發(fā)出香氣。正：Roses smell sweet.誤：Roses smell to be sweet.比較：seem, appear, prove, turn out, continu

52、e 等連系動詞后可以接不定式 to be，也可省略 to be。如：She seems (to be) a little tired. 她似乎有點累。He appears (to be) quite young. 他顯得年輕。The examination turned out (to be) quite easy. 結果考試相當容易。The weather continued (to be ) fine. 天氣仍然很好。注：用作連系動詞的 look 后能否接 to be，各語法家意見不一：有的認為可接to be，有的認為不能接 to be。為此，建議同學們以不接 to be 為宜。精編陷阱題

53、訓練1. Were so busy that no one in the office can _ for any other work. A. spare                                 B. be sparedC. share 

54、60;              D. be shared2. He regards that book _ one of the worst that hes _ read. A. to be, ever                      

55、    B. to be, neverC. as, ever                              D. as, never 3. “Did you get a job?” “No, I _, but its no use.”A. expected 

56、                           B. tried toC. managed to                    

57、;     D. planned4. “Do you know that Jack _ a postman for about six years?” “Yes, I see.”A. has become                        B. has turnedC. has changed  

58、                      D. has been5. The thing that _ is not whether you fail or not, but whether you try or not. A. matters            

59、                  B. caresC. considers                            D. minds6. I d

60、ont want the green coat. It is red and black colours that _ me very well.A. suit                  B. fitC. suits                 D. fit

61、s7. “Will another fifty be enough?” “Just twenty will _.”A. work                                 B. doC. suit     &

62、#160;            D. fit8. Goodbye, Mr Carter my secretary will _ you to the door. A. send                B. leadC. drive        &#

63、160;       D. show 9. This kind of cancer can be cured, provided it is _ early.A. got                  B. gainedC. seen           

64、      D. caught 10. We havent enough books for everyone; some of you will have to _.A. help                 B. enjoyC. share            

65、;    D. spare11. He asked her to marry him and she _ him. A. answered                            B. receivedC. accepted     &

66、#160;                       D. agreed12. My worst fears were _ when I saw what the exam questions were. A. done             &

67、#160;  B. seenC. finished                              D. realized13. The plan looks good on paper, but will it _? A. work    

68、0;                            B. passC. agree                    

69、             D. does14. Whats the matter with the radio? Why isnt it _? A. broadcasting                       B. workingC. doing&#

70、160;                                D. sounding15. High unemployment _ the government billions of pounds in lost taxes. A. spends  

71、0;                            B. takesC. uses                 D. costs16. Its hard to

72、 rescue drowning people because they _ so much. A. sink                 B. swimC. jump                D. struggle17. She went to the station to m

73、eet her husband, but _ him in the crowd. A. passed                                B. recognizedC. missed       

74、;                        D. lost18. I missed what was happening because I wasnt _ very closely.A. noticing             &

75、#160;               B. runningC. watching                            D. glancing19. If you lend me a pound, it will _ me having to go to the bank. A. save