現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解

1、1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)及練習(xí)一.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞 have/has+過(guò)去分詞（done）二.句型：否定句：主語(yǔ) +have/has + not+過(guò)去分詞 +其他.一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他.簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)：Yes,主語(yǔ)+ have/has.（肯定）No,主語(yǔ) + havent/hasnt.（否定）三. 用法（1） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果I have spent all of my money （so far）.（含義是：現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.）Guo zijun has （just/already） come.（含義：郭子君現(xiàn)在在這兒）My fathe

2、r has gone to work.（含義是：我爸爸現(xiàn)在不在這兒）（2） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來(lái)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻的，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作（用行為動(dòng) 詞表示）或狀態(tài)（be 動(dòng)詞表示）常與 for （ +時(shí)間段），sinee （ +時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過(guò)去時(shí)的 句子）連用.1for+時(shí)間段2since+過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（譯為：自從 .以來(lái)）3since+ 時(shí)段 +ago4since+從句（過(guò)去時(shí)）5It is+時(shí)段+since+從句（過(guò)去時(shí)）Mary has been ill for three days.I have livedhere since 1998.四. has gone(to), has been

3、 (to), has been (in)的區(qū)另 U1. Have/Hasgone（to）:去了（現(xiàn)在不在說(shuō)話現(xiàn)場(chǎng)）Where is your father ? He has gone to Shanghai.2. Have/Hasbeen （to）:去過(guò)（已不在去過(guò)的地方）My fatherhas been to Shanghai.3. Have/hasbeen in :呆了多久（還在所呆的地方）My fatherhas bee n in Shan ghai for two mon ths . /since two mon ths ago.五.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的含義之一是過(guò)去完成的動(dòng)

4、作對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響種含義：1. *以 already, just 和 yet 為標(biāo)志 2.*以 ever 和 never 為標(biāo)志3.*以動(dòng)作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標(biāo)志twice ,three times 4.*以 so far （到目前為止）,before,用以下四大標(biāo)志詞可以表達(dá)這過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，甚至有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去，我們可以從動(dòng)作延續(xù)”的2特性和 時(shí)間”點(diǎn)段的區(qū)分入手，進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。for+時(shí)段 since+過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（過(guò)去 從句）為標(biāo)志注意：1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能單獨(dú)與過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如 yesterday, last week, three years ago 等;

5、2）不能與 when 連用六.過(guò)去分詞1、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相 同。四點(diǎn)變化規(guī)則：、一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加“ed ”work-worked-worked,visit-visited-visited(2)、以“ e ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只在詞尾加 “ dlive-lived-lived,（3）、以輔音字母 + y ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，將 ”y”變?yōu)椤眎” ，再加“ ed ”。study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried（4）、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加“ edstop-stopped-stopp

6、ed , drop_dropped_dropped2 、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：AAA 型原型過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，甚至有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去，我們可以從動(dòng)作延續(xù)”的3burstburst bursthurthurt hurtletcutcut cuthithit hitputshut shut shutspreadspread spreadAAB型beat beat beatenABA 型become becamebecomerun ran run特殊情況ABB 型bringbroughtbroughtbuyboughtburnburntburntcatchcaughtfeelfe

7、ltfeltfightfoughthearheardheardholdheldlaylaidlaidleadledmakemademademeetmetcome came comeboughtbuildbuiltbuiltcaughtdigdugdugfoughtfindfound fou ndheldkeep keptkeptledloselostlostmetsellsoldsoldlet letcost cost costput putset set setread read read read4diebdead 1.have 代替 buyMy brotherhas had(不能用has

8、 bought) thisbike for almostfour years. 2、用 keep 或 have 代替borrowI have kept(不能用 have borrowed)the bookfor quite a fewdays. 3、用 be 替代becomeHow long has yoursisterbeen ateacher? 4、用 have acold 代替catcha coldTom has had a coldsi nce the daybefore yesterday. 5、用 wear 代替 put onb）用“ba形容詞”代終止性動(dòng)詞1、be + marri

9、ed 代 marry2、be + ill 代 fall(get)ill3、 be + dead 代 die4、1be + asleep 代 fall (get)asleep5、 be + awake 代 wake/wakeup 6、be + gone 代lose, die,sell, leave7、 be + open 代 open8、be closed 代close/shut9、 be + miss in g(go ne, lost)代losec）用“ b 升副詞”代終止性動(dòng)詞1be+ on代 start,beg in2“be+ up代 get up3 be+ back(to)代 retur

10、nto,comeback to,go backtoshoot shot shot sweepswept swept think thoughtthoughtABC型begin began begun choosechose chosen drink drankdrunk forget forgot forgottengrow grew grown rise roserisen sing sang sung throwthrew thrown七.瞬間動(dòng)詞)uy, die,sit sat satteach taught taught winwon wonblow blew blowndraw dr

11、ew drawnfly flew flownfreeze froze frozenknow knew known ringrang rungsink sank sunk writewrote written join, come,go, leave,stand stood stoodtell told toldbreak broke brokendrive drove drivenforgive forgave forgivengive gave givenride rode riddenshake shook shakenswim swam swumjoin ）不能直接與for since連

12、用。要改變動(dòng)詞buy-havegoout-beutborrow-keep come/arrive/reachoge-b初leave-beaway beginfinish-bweropen-bpenclose-belosed54 “be here (there)代 come(arrive, reach, get) here 或 go (arrive, reach, get)there 等等d)用“ b 刖介詞短語(yǔ)”代終止性動(dòng)詞1. “ be in/at + 地點(diǎn) 代替 go to /come to2. 用 be in the army 代替 join the army3. “be in/at +

13、 地點(diǎn)代替 move to現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)1. A.用 already 或 yet1) Have they taken down the old pictures_ _ _ ? No, they haven t_.2) Most of us have finished our compositions_ _.3) He said he hadn t visited the exhibition_.B. 用 si nee 或 for1) We have lear ned five less ons_the begi nning of this term.2) Mrs Liao has bee n

14、in hospital_ st week.3) I have stayed at my aunt _ s two weeks.C. 用 have gone 或 have been1) Where are the boy stude nts? They_ to the school factory.2) Is your father in? No, he_ _ to Shen zhe n._ he ever_ there before ?Yes, he_there several times3) He asked me if I_ _ to Han gzhou before.I told him

15、 that I wan ted to go there for a visit as I _n ever_to that city before.選擇填空()1 “ He_to draw horses already ” .“When he draw ?”“ Last year “A. learned has B. learned did C. has learned has D. has learned did()2._ you_the text yet ? Yes, we_ it two hours ago.A. Did copydidB. Have copied haveC. Have

16、copied did D. Did copy had()3_ you_the film before ? Where_ you_ it ?A. Have seendid seeB. Did seedid watchC. Have see n have see n D. Did see have see n6()4._ you ever_ America ? Yes, I have.A. Have gone to B. Have gone in C. Have been toD. Have been in()5. My brother_ college for over three years.

17、A. has gone to B. has bee n to C. has bee n in D. has bee n at()6.He_ the Army by the end of 1989. He_ in the army si nee the n.A. joined is B. has joined has beCn had joined is D. had joined has been()7-Where have you _ , Kate?-Ive _to the bank.A. gone, gone B. been, been C. gone, been D. been, gon

18、e( )8.Her grandfather _ for two years.A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died()9. Its six weeks_I met you last.A. when B. since C. before D. for()10.Tom and Jack _ West Hill Farm already.A. have got B. have gone to C. have been to D. have reached()11、He has_ been to Shanghai , has he ?

19、A. alreadyB.neverC.everD. Still()12. Have you met Mr. Li_?A. justB. agoC.beforeD. a moment ago()14.The famous writer_ one new book in the past two years .A. is writingB.was writingC.wroteD.has written()15.Our country_ a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even_ .A. has changed ; wellB. changed ; goo

20、dC. has changed ; betterD. changed ; better()16、Zhao Lan_ already_ in this school for two years .A. was ; studyingB. will ; studyC. has ; studiedD. are ; studying7()17、We_ Xiao Li si nee she was a little girl .A. knowB. had knownC. have knownD. knew()18、Harry Potter is a very nice film_ it twice .A.

21、 will seeB. have seenC. sawD.see()19、一 These farmers have been to the United States .Really ? When_ there ?A. will they goB. did they goC. do they goD. have they gone()20、_you_ your homework yet ?Yes . I_ it a moment ago .A. Did ; do ; finishedB. Have ; done ; finishedC. Have ; done ; have finishedD. will ; do ; finish()21、His father_the Party si nee 1978 .A. joinedB. has joinedC. was inD. has been in()22、 Do you know him well ?Sure .We_friends since ten years ago .A. wereB. have beenC. have becomeD. have made()23、 How long have you_ here ?About two mon ths .A. beenB. goneC. comeD.