虛擬語(yǔ)氣(順口溜)ppt課件

1、高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法十二十二虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣1一一. .虛擬語(yǔ)氣的類型虛擬語(yǔ)氣的類型1 1、實(shí)踐意義上的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。、實(shí)踐意義上的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。They talked as if they had been friends for years.They talked as if they had been friends for years.2 2、虛擬語(yǔ)氣方式。、虛擬語(yǔ)氣方式。The order was that we (should) stay where we were.The order was that we (should) stay where we were.2二二. .實(shí)踐意義

2、上的虛擬語(yǔ)氣實(shí)踐意義上的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1 1、小小順口溜、小小順口溜虛擬語(yǔ)氣并不難虛擬語(yǔ)氣并不難, , 從句時(shí)態(tài)都提早從句時(shí)態(tài)都提早, ,主句主句wouldwould加在前，留意動(dòng)詞要復(fù)原。加在前，留意動(dòng)詞要復(fù)原。省略省略if if要倒裝要倒裝e.g. e.g. 1 1If I were in your shoes, I would accept the terms.If I were in your shoes, I would accept the terms.2 2 If we had left earlier, we wouldn If we had left earlier, we wou

3、ldnt have missed the train.t have missed the train.3 3 I wish I were as clever as you I wish I were as clever as you32 2、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中的運(yùn)用、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中的運(yùn)用所述情況所述情況 if if 從句從句 主句主句 與過(guò)去相與過(guò)去相反反if + if + 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + had done+ had done主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + would/ could/ might/should + + would/ could/ might/should + have done have do

4、ne 與現(xiàn)在相與現(xiàn)在相反反 if + if + 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + did+ did（bebe動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞用werewere）主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) +would/ could/ might/should + +would/ could/ might/should + do do 與將來(lái)相與將來(lái)相反反 if + if + 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + did+ didif + if + 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + were to + do+ were to + doif + if + 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + should + do+ should + do主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ would/ could/ might/should do+ would/ could/

5、 might/should do4此表中需求留意幾點(diǎn)：此表中需求留意幾點(diǎn)：1 1bebe動(dòng)詞在表示與如今現(xiàn)實(shí)相反的從句中普通用動(dòng)詞在表示與如今現(xiàn)實(shí)相反的從句中普通用werewere。在非正式情況下，第一、第三人稱后偶爾也。在非正式情況下，第一、第三人稱后偶爾也用用waswas。如：。如：If he were/was you, he would go at once.If he were/was you, he would go at once. 2 2主句中的主句中的shouldshould通常用于第一人稱，通常用于第一人稱，would, couldwould, could以及以及mightm

6、ight可以用于各種人稱。可以用于各種人稱。3 3在表示與未來(lái)現(xiàn)實(shí)相反的條件句中，只能用在表示與未來(lái)現(xiàn)實(shí)相反的條件句中，只能用shouldshould，而不能用，而不能用would, couldwould, could和和mightmight等。如：等。如：If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. should rainshould rain也可以用也可以用rained, were to rainrained, were to

7、 rain替替代代54 4、主句和、主句和if if條件句時(shí)態(tài)不一致單獨(dú)虛擬。如：條件句時(shí)態(tài)不一致單獨(dú)虛擬。如：If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now.If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now.If you were in better health, we would have allowed you to join them in the work.If you were in better health, we wo

8、uld have allowed you to join them in the work.6含蓄條件句含蓄條件句有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需求，在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需求，在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而經(jīng)過(guò)其他手段來(lái)替代條件句。引導(dǎo)的條件句，而經(jīng)過(guò)其他手段來(lái)替代條件句。1 1用介詞短語(yǔ)替代條件句。常用介詞有用介詞短語(yǔ)替代條件句。常用介詞有with, without, but forwith, without, but for等。如：等。如：We couldnt have succeeded without your help(=If we hadnt got your

9、 help). We couldnt have succeeded without your help(=If we hadnt got your help). What would you do with a million dollars?What would you do with a million dollars?But for the rainBut for the rain=If it hadnt been for the rain=If it hadnt been for the rain, we would have finished the work. , we would

10、 have finished the work. 72. 2. 假設(shè)的情況又是可以經(jīng)過(guò)上下文或其他方式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。如：假設(shè)的情況又是可以經(jīng)過(guò)上下文或其他方式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。如：1 1He would have given you more help, but he has been ill.He would have given you more help, but he has been ill.2 2I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have taken part in the parade.( if I hadnt been ill,)I was ill

11、 that day. Otherwise I would have taken part in the parade.( if I hadnt been ill,)but, otherwisebut, otherwise銜接的兩個(gè)并列的分句存在單獨(dú)虛擬景象，即：一個(gè)分句為虛擬句，另一個(gè)分句為銜接的兩個(gè)并列的分句存在單獨(dú)虛擬景象，即：一個(gè)分句為虛擬句，另一個(gè)分句為真實(shí)句。真實(shí)句。83 3It would be a mistake not to help him.( It would be a mistake if we didnt help him.)It would be a mistake

12、not to help him.( It would be a mistake if we didnt help him.)Anyone in her position would have done the same.Anyone in her position would have done the same.有些句子相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件從句，謂語(yǔ)也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。有些句子相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件從句，謂語(yǔ)也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。4 4Suppose we told her the truth.Suppose we told her the truth.5 5Imagine your child played tr

13、uant.Imagine your child played truant.9省略省略if if的情況的情況假設(shè)從句中含有系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞假設(shè)從句中含有系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞were, had, shouldwere, had, should或或could could 時(shí)，可省略時(shí)，可省略if if，把從句中，把從句中的的were, hadwere, had或或shouldshould或或couldcould提到其主語(yǔ)前構(gòu)成倒裝構(gòu)造。如：提到其主語(yǔ)前構(gòu)成倒裝構(gòu)造。如：Had we made(=If we had made) adequate preparations, we migh

14、t have succeeded.Had we made(=If we had made) adequate preparations, we might have succeeded.Were it not for their assistance, we would be in serious difficulty.Were it not for their assistance, we would be in serious difficulty.Should there be a flood, what should we do?Should there be a flood, wha

15、t should we do?103 3、實(shí)踐意義上虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其它從句中的運(yùn)用、實(shí)踐意義上虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其它從句中的運(yùn)用從句時(shí)態(tài)都提早從句時(shí)態(tài)都提早wishwish后后thatthat引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中。如：引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中。如：I wish I were as clever as you. I wish I were as clever as you. I wish he would try again. I wish he would try again. 表示與未來(lái)現(xiàn)實(shí)相反表示與未來(lái)現(xiàn)實(shí)相反as ifas ifthoughthough引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句或方式狀語(yǔ)從句中。如：引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句或方式狀語(yǔ)

16、從句中。如：He looks as if/though he were an artist.He looks as if/though he were an artist. 11would ratherwould rather后的賓語(yǔ)從句中。后的賓語(yǔ)從句中。 would ratherwould rather后不能加后不能加thatthat。 從句謂語(yǔ)用普經(jīng)過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)表示與如今或未來(lái)要做的相反的事情，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)表示與過(guò)去發(fā)生從句謂語(yǔ)用普經(jīng)過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)表示與如今或未來(lái)要做的相反的事情，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)表示與過(guò)去發(fā)生的相反的事情。如：的相反的事情。如： Id rather you didnt go th

17、ere.(Id rather you didnt go there.(與未來(lái)相反與未來(lái)相反Id rather we had a rest now. Id rather we had a rest now. 與如今相反與如今相反Id rather you had been here yesterday. Id rather you had been here yesterday. 與過(guò)去相反與過(guò)去相反If onlyIf only引導(dǎo)的感慨句中。如：引導(dǎo)的感慨句中。如：If only I were a bird. If only I were a bird. 我要是只鳥(niǎo)就好了。我要是只鳥(niǎo)就好了。1

18、2三三. .虛擬語(yǔ)氣方式虛擬語(yǔ)氣方式1) 1)復(fù)合句中含有復(fù)合句中含有suggest, advise, recommend, propose, (suggest, advise, recommend, propose, (建議、安排建議、安排demand, require (request), ask, urge, desire, demand, require (request), ask, urge, desire, ( (要求、盼望要求、盼望insist, orderinsist, order堅(jiān)持、命令堅(jiān)持、命令等等, ,以及其派生詞以及其派生詞 如：如：suggestion, advi

19、ceidea) suggestion, adviceidea) 復(fù)合句中所含有的名詞性從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)合句中所含有的名詞性從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用should do, should should do, should 可以省略。如：可以省略。如：The doctor suggested/insisted that she (should) stay in bed for a few days. The doctor suggested/insisted that she (should) stay in bed for a few days. We all agreed to his sug

20、gestion that we (should) give up the plan. We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) give up the plan. 13留意：當(dāng)留意：當(dāng)suggestsuggest作作“暗示、闡明講，暗示、闡明講，insistinsist作作“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)講，即堅(jiān)持現(xiàn)實(shí)是怎樣時(shí)，后邊堅(jiān)持說(shuō)講，即堅(jiān)持現(xiàn)實(shí)是怎樣時(shí)，后邊thatthat從句不用從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. Mike insisted that he

21、 had never stolen anything. The look on his face suggested that he was angry. The look on his face suggested that he was angry. 142) 2) 在在It is + It is + 描畫(huà)詞描畫(huà)詞(necessary, important, natural, strange, etc. ) + that(necessary, important, natural, strange, etc. ) + that從句中，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要從句中，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用用shou

22、ld do, should should do, should 可以省略。如：可以省略。如：Its necessary that we (should) clean the room every day. Its necessary that we (should) clean the room every day. 3 3在在It is/was a pityIt is/was a pitya shame, no wonder, etc. a shame, no wonder, etc. + that + that從句中，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用從句中，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用should do, s

23、hould do, should should 可以省略。如：可以省略。如：It was a pity that our team should lose the game. It was a pity that our team should lose the game. 當(dāng)然上面當(dāng)然上面2) 2) 、 3) 3)兩類的兩類的thatthat從句中也可以不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而用陳說(shuō)語(yǔ)氣。如：從句中也可以不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而用陳說(shuō)語(yǔ)氣。如：It is strange that he did not come yesterday. It is strange that he did not come yesterday. It is a pity that you cant dance. It is a pity that you cant dance. 154) It is4) It ishigh/abouthigh/abouttimetimethat sb. didthat sb. did句式中常用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。句式中常用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。此句型表示此句型表示“該該，用來(lái)表示提議。如：，用來(lái)表示提議。如：It is high time we started out. It is high time we started out. 5) 5) 以以in order that, so th