虛擬語氣(順口溜)ppt課件

1、高三英語語法高三英語語法十二十二虛擬語氣虛擬語氣1一一. .虛擬語氣的類型虛擬語氣的類型1 1、實踐意義上的虛擬語氣。、實踐意義上的虛擬語氣。They talked as if they had been friends for years.They talked as if they had been friends for years.2 2、虛擬語氣方式。、虛擬語氣方式。The order was that we (should) stay where we were.The order was that we (should) stay where we were.2二二. .實踐意義

2、上的虛擬語氣實踐意義上的虛擬語氣1 1、小小順口溜、小小順口溜虛擬語氣并不難虛擬語氣并不難, , 從句時態(tài)都提早從句時態(tài)都提早, ,主句主句wouldwould加在前，留意動詞要復(fù)原。加在前，留意動詞要復(fù)原。省略省略if if要倒裝要倒裝e.g. e.g. 1 1If I were in your shoes, I would accept the terms.If I were in your shoes, I would accept the terms.2 2 If we had left earlier, we wouldn If we had left earlier, we wou

3、ldnt have missed the train.t have missed the train.3 3 I wish I were as clever as you I wish I were as clever as you32 2、虛擬語氣在條件句中的運用、虛擬語氣在條件句中的運用所述情況所述情況 if if 從句從句 主句主句 與過去相與過去相反反if + if + 主語主語 + had done+ had done主語主語 + would/ could/ might/should + + would/ could/ might/should + have done have do

4、ne 與現(xiàn)在相與現(xiàn)在相反反 if + if + 主語主語 + did+ did（bebe動詞用動詞用werewere）主語主語 +would/ could/ might/should + +would/ could/ might/should + do do 與將來相與將來相反反 if + if + 主語主語 + did+ didif + if + 主語主語 + were to + do+ were to + doif + if + 主語主語 + should + do+ should + do主語主語+ would/ could/ might/should do+ would/ could/

5、 might/should do4此表中需求留意幾點：此表中需求留意幾點：1 1bebe動詞在表示與如今現(xiàn)實相反的從句中普通用動詞在表示與如今現(xiàn)實相反的從句中普通用werewere。在非正式情況下，第一、第三人稱后偶爾也。在非正式情況下，第一、第三人稱后偶爾也用用waswas。如：。如：If he were/was you, he would go at once.If he were/was you, he would go at once. 2 2主句中的主句中的shouldshould通常用于第一人稱，通常用于第一人稱，would, couldwould, could以及以及mightm

6、ight可以用于各種人稱。可以用于各種人稱。3 3在表示與未來現(xiàn)實相反的條件句中，只能用在表示與未來現(xiàn)實相反的條件句中，只能用shouldshould，而不能用，而不能用would, couldwould, could和和mightmight等。如：等。如：If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. should rainshould rain也可以用也可以用rained, were to rainrained, were to

7、 rain替替代代54 4、主句和、主句和if if條件句時態(tài)不一致單獨虛擬。如：條件句時態(tài)不一致單獨虛擬。如：If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now.If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now.If you were in better health, we would have allowed you to join them in the work.If you were in better health, we wo

8、uld have allowed you to join them in the work.6含蓄條件句含蓄條件句有時為了表達(dá)的需求，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)有時為了表達(dá)的需求，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而經(jīng)過其他手段來替代條件句。引導(dǎo)的條件句，而經(jīng)過其他手段來替代條件句。1 1用介詞短語替代條件句。常用介詞有用介詞短語替代條件句。常用介詞有with, without, but forwith, without, but for等。如：等。如：We couldnt have succeeded without your help(=If we hadnt got your

9、 help). We couldnt have succeeded without your help(=If we hadnt got your help). What would you do with a million dollars?What would you do with a million dollars?But for the rainBut for the rain=If it hadnt been for the rain=If it hadnt been for the rain, we would have finished the work. , we would

10、 have finished the work. 72. 2. 假設(shè)的情況又是可以經(jīng)過上下文或其他方式表現(xiàn)出來。如：假設(shè)的情況又是可以經(jīng)過上下文或其他方式表現(xiàn)出來。如：1 1He would have given you more help, but he has been ill.He would have given you more help, but he has been ill.2 2I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have taken part in the parade.( if I hadnt been ill,)I was ill

11、 that day. Otherwise I would have taken part in the parade.( if I hadnt been ill,)but, otherwisebut, otherwise銜接的兩個并列的分句存在單獨虛擬景象，即：一個分句為虛擬句，另一個分句為銜接的兩個并列的分句存在單獨虛擬景象，即：一個分句為虛擬句，另一個分句為真實句。真實句。83 3It would be a mistake not to help him.( It would be a mistake if we didnt help him.)It would be a mistake

12、not to help him.( It would be a mistake if we didnt help him.)Anyone in her position would have done the same.Anyone in her position would have done the same.有些句子相當(dāng)于一個條件從句，謂語也可用虛擬語氣。有些句子相當(dāng)于一個條件從句，謂語也可用虛擬語氣。4 4Suppose we told her the truth.Suppose we told her the truth.5 5Imagine your child played tr

13、uant.Imagine your child played truant.9省略省略if if的情況的情況假設(shè)從句中含有系動詞、情態(tài)動詞或助動詞假設(shè)從句中含有系動詞、情態(tài)動詞或助動詞were, had, shouldwere, had, should或或could could 時，可省略時，可省略if if，把從句中，把從句中的的were, hadwere, had或或shouldshould或或couldcould提到其主語前構(gòu)成倒裝構(gòu)造。如：提到其主語前構(gòu)成倒裝構(gòu)造。如：Had we made(=If we had made) adequate preparations, we migh

14、t have succeeded.Had we made(=If we had made) adequate preparations, we might have succeeded.Were it not for their assistance, we would be in serious difficulty.Were it not for their assistance, we would be in serious difficulty.Should there be a flood, what should we do?Should there be a flood, wha

15、t should we do?103 3、實踐意義上虛擬語氣在其它從句中的運用、實踐意義上虛擬語氣在其它從句中的運用從句時態(tài)都提早從句時態(tài)都提早wishwish后后thatthat引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中。如：引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中。如：I wish I were as clever as you. I wish I were as clever as you. I wish he would try again. I wish he would try again. 表示與未來現(xiàn)實相反表示與未來現(xiàn)實相反as ifas ifthoughthough引導(dǎo)的表語從句或方式狀語從句中。如：引導(dǎo)的表語從句或方式狀語

16、從句中。如：He looks as if/though he were an artist.He looks as if/though he were an artist. 11would ratherwould rather后的賓語從句中。后的賓語從句中。 would ratherwould rather后不能加后不能加thatthat。 從句謂語用普經(jīng)過去時來表示與如今或未來要做的相反的事情，用過去完成時來表示與過去發(fā)生從句謂語用普經(jīng)過去時來表示與如今或未來要做的相反的事情，用過去完成時來表示與過去發(fā)生的相反的事情。如：的相反的事情。如： Id rather you didnt go th

17、ere.(Id rather you didnt go there.(與未來相反與未來相反Id rather we had a rest now. Id rather we had a rest now. 與如今相反與如今相反Id rather you had been here yesterday. Id rather you had been here yesterday. 與過去相反與過去相反If onlyIf only引導(dǎo)的感慨句中。如：引導(dǎo)的感慨句中。如：If only I were a bird. If only I were a bird. 我要是只鳥就好了。我要是只鳥就好了。1

18、2三三. .虛擬語氣方式虛擬語氣方式1) 1)復(fù)合句中含有復(fù)合句中含有suggest, advise, recommend, propose, (suggest, advise, recommend, propose, (建議、安排建議、安排demand, require (request), ask, urge, desire, demand, require (request), ask, urge, desire, ( (要求、盼望要求、盼望insist, orderinsist, order堅持、命令堅持、命令等等, ,以及其派生詞以及其派生詞 如：如：suggestion, advi

19、ceidea) suggestion, adviceidea) 復(fù)合句中所含有的名詞性從句中的謂語動詞要用復(fù)合句中所含有的名詞性從句中的謂語動詞要用should do, should should do, should 可以省略。如：可以省略。如：The doctor suggested/insisted that she (should) stay in bed for a few days. The doctor suggested/insisted that she (should) stay in bed for a few days. We all agreed to his sug

20、gestion that we (should) give up the plan. We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) give up the plan. 13留意：當(dāng)留意：當(dāng)suggestsuggest作作“暗示、闡明講，暗示、闡明講，insistinsist作作“堅持說講，即堅持現(xiàn)實是怎樣時，后邊堅持說講，即堅持現(xiàn)實是怎樣時，后邊thatthat從句不用從句不用虛擬語氣。如：虛擬語氣。如：Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. Mike insisted that he

21、 had never stolen anything. The look on his face suggested that he was angry. The look on his face suggested that he was angry. 142) 2) 在在It is + It is + 描畫詞描畫詞(necessary, important, natural, strange, etc. ) + that(necessary, important, natural, strange, etc. ) + that從句中，從句中的謂語動詞要從句中，從句中的謂語動詞要用用shou

22、ld do, should should do, should 可以省略。如：可以省略。如：Its necessary that we (should) clean the room every day. Its necessary that we (should) clean the room every day. 3 3在在It is/was a pityIt is/was a pitya shame, no wonder, etc. a shame, no wonder, etc. + that + that從句中，從句中的謂語動詞要用從句中，從句中的謂語動詞要用should do, s

23、hould do, should should 可以省略。如：可以省略。如：It was a pity that our team should lose the game. It was a pity that our team should lose the game. 當(dāng)然上面當(dāng)然上面2) 2) 、 3) 3)兩類的兩類的thatthat從句中也可以不用虛擬語氣，而用陳說語氣。如：從句中也可以不用虛擬語氣，而用陳說語氣。如：It is strange that he did not come yesterday. It is strange that he did not come yesterday. It is a pity that you cant dance. It is a pity that you cant dance. 154) It is4) It ishigh/abouthigh/abouttimetimethat sb. didthat sb. did句式中常用動詞的過去式。句式中常用動詞的過去式。此句型表示此句型表示“該該，用來表示提議。如：，用來表示提議。如：It is high time we started out. It is high time we started out. 5) 5) 以以in order that, so th