高考英語(yǔ)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣講解(共3頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上（一） 虛擬語(yǔ)氣?？键c(diǎn)（一） 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的運(yùn)用虛擬條件句主句例句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be動(dòng)詞were）主語(yǔ) + should/ would/ could/ might + 動(dòng)詞原形If I had time，I would attend the meeting。If I were you，I should seize the chance to go abroad。與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If + 主語(yǔ) + had + 過(guò)去分詞主語(yǔ) + should/ would/ could/ might + have + 過(guò)去分詞If

2、you had taken my advice，you would not have failed in the exams。與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)if + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式if + 主語(yǔ) + were to + 動(dòng)詞原形if + 主語(yǔ) + should + 動(dòng)詞原形主語(yǔ) + should/ would/ could/ might + 動(dòng)詞原形If you came tomorrow，we would have the meeting。If it were to rain tomorrow，the sports meeting would be put off。If he should no

3、t come tomorrow，we should put off the meeting till next Monday。使用虛擬條件句時(shí)要注意的幾點(diǎn)：1. 當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱為“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句”，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。如：If you had studied hard before，you would be a college student now。假如你以前學(xué)習(xí)努力的話，你現(xiàn)在將已是一名大學(xué)生了。2. if省略句在條件句中可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。如：If I were

4、at school again，I would study harder。Were I at school again，I would study harder。假如我再次回到學(xué)校，我一定更加努力的學(xué)習(xí)。If you had come earlier，you would catch the bus。Had you come earlier，you would catch the bus。假如你來(lái)早點(diǎn)，你就趕上公交車了。If it should rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing。Should it rain tomorrow，we would not

5、go climbing。假如明天下雨，我們就不去爬山了。注意：當(dāng)省略的條件句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定形式時(shí)，不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。比如，我們可以說(shuō)：Were it not for the expense，I would go abroad now。但不能說(shuō)：Werent it for the expense，I would go abroad now。3. 用介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句。常用的介詞有with，without，but for。如：What would you do with a million dollars？（=if you had a million dollars）假如你有一百萬(wàn)美

6、元的話，你會(huì)做什么？We couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help。（=if we hadnt got your help）Without your help，we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time。（=But for your help， =If it had not been for your help， =Had it not been for your help，）假如沒(méi)有你的幫助，我們不可能提前完成工作。4. 含蓄條件句有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬

7、語(yǔ)氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而是通過(guò)其他手段來(lái)代替條件句。如：I was ill that day。Otherwise，I would have taken part in the sports meet。（副詞）那天我病了，不然，我就去參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)了。He telephoned to inform me of your birthday，or I would have known nothing about it。（連詞）他打電話通知了我你的生日，否則，我什么都不知道。A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about sev

8、en days。（定語(yǔ)從句）一個(gè)停止喝水的人，大約會(huì)在7天以內(nèi)死亡。Everything taken into consideration，they would have raised their output quickly。（獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）如果每件事情都被考慮了的話，他們已經(jīng)迅速提高產(chǎn)量了。5. even if，even though也可用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其形式與if從句在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的形式相同。（二） 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的運(yùn)用1. 用于賓語(yǔ)從句中（1） wish后面的賓語(yǔ)從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成形式為：如：I wish（that）I were a bir

9、d and could fly freely in the sky。I wish（that）I had met that film star yesterday。How I wish she could come to the party next Monday。（2） 用于表示建議、愿望、命令等詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：demand，order，require，insist，suggest，propose，advice等。賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)為“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”，should 可以省略。如：He suggested that we（should）start off ea

10、rly the next day。The doctor ordered that the patient（should）be sent to hospital without delay。（3） 在would rather后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，也用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。如：I would rather they didnt hear of the news。（4） 當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為、堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”之意時(shí)，suggest/ insist后的賓語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)詞已經(jīng)不再后于suggest/ insist所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作，這種情況下，suggest/ insist后

11、的賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式，應(yīng)使用陳述語(yǔ)氣形式。如：The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work。他臉上的笑容表明他對(duì)我們的工作很滿意。The man insisted that he had never stolen the money。那個(gè)人堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他沒(méi)有偷錢。2. 用于主語(yǔ)從句中It is desired/ suggested/ proposed/ necessary/ important/ strange/ natural/ a pity/ essential + that從句，從句中的謂

12、語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。如：It is suggested that the meeting should be put off till next week。It is strange that he should have acted toward his parents like that。（act這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is之前，所以要用should have + 過(guò)去分詞）注意：以上句式也可以用于陳述語(yǔ)氣。如：Its strange that he didnt come yesterday。Its a pity that you cant da

13、nce。3. 用于表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其構(gòu)成是“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”。如：My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it。We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Dalian for sightseeing。（三） as if（as though）用在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中如果as if引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主句謂語(yǔ)

14、動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，as if引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式；如果as if引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作先于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作，as if引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成式；如果as if引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作后于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作，as if引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去將來(lái)式。如：He looks as if he were an artist。（同時(shí)）She speak English so fluently as if she had studied English in America。（先于）He learns English so hard as if he wou

15、ld go to the U.S.A.。（后于）（四） 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于定語(yǔ)從句中It is（high）time（that）句型中，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，或should + 動(dòng)詞原形（其中should不能省略）。此句型意為“（現(xiàn)在）該”，用來(lái)表示提議。如：It is（high）time that you went to school。It is（high）time that we should start out。易錯(cuò)知識(shí)總結(jié)（一） 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的使用1. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示一種不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的假設(shè)該語(yǔ)法主要用于if條件狀語(yǔ)從句，也可用于主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句等。2. if條件狀語(yǔ)從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的判斷

16、判斷是真實(shí)條件句還是非真實(shí)條件句。只有在非真實(shí)條件句中才使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。通過(guò)句子意思，看假設(shè)的條件是否能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)。能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)的是真實(shí)條件句，不能使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的是非真實(shí)條件句，要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。判斷這個(gè)假設(shè)是與哪個(gè)事實(shí)相反，通常有三種情況：（1）與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反；（2）與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反；（3）與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反。3. “后退一步法”后退一步法是指在準(zhǔn)確的判斷了該句與哪一事實(shí)相反后，按虛擬語(yǔ)氣的后退一步法處理從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。即：在非真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞按正常情況“后退一步”，也就是：（1） 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，在從句中用過(guò)去完成時(shí)形式表示。（2） 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，在從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)形式表示。（3） 與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反，在從句中用一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)形式表示。主句中則用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞would，should，could等加一個(gè)與從句一致的動(dòng)詞形式。如：If I had come here yesterday，I would have se